多根硬皮马勃液体发酵工艺优化及抑菌活性研究

马勃多糖是马勃重要的活性成分之一,具有抑菌、保护肝损伤、抑制肿瘤细胞生长、抗氧化等作用。本课题采用星点设计-响应面法优化多根硬皮马勃的最佳液体发酵条件为:发酵温度26.6℃,发酵时间64.71 h、接种量9.98%,发酵液中多根硬皮马勃胞外粗多糖的含量为11.73 mg/mL。同时采用滤纸片法考察不同浓度多根硬皮马勃胞外粗多糖溶液对三种常见致病菌的抑菌效果。抑制能力表现为:金黄色葡萄球菌大肠埃希菌铜绿假单胞菌。多根硬皮马勃胞外粗多糖的抑菌能力随浓度的增大而增强,对革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌能力强于革兰氏阴性菌。     

云木香化学成分研究I

从云南丽江产云木香（ＳａｕｓｓｕｒｅａｌａｐｐａＣ．Ｂ．Ｃｌａｒｋｅ）的根中分离得到了１４个倍半萜化合物,它们的结构通过波谱和化学的方法得到鉴定,其中化合物２被鉴定为是一新化合物,化合物４,１２和１４为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

云木香化学成分研究Ⅰ

从云南丽江产云木香（ＳａｕｓｕｒｅａｌａｐｐａＣ．Ｂ．Ｃｌａｒｋｅ）的根中分离得到了１４个倍半萜化合物,它们的结构通过波谱和化学的方法得到鉴定。其中化合物２被鉴定为是一新化合物,化合物４,１２和１４为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

黄皮根和茎中一个新的木脂体

从黄皮（Clausenalansium）根和茎中分离得到8个化合物,其中化合物claulignan（1）为一个新的木脂体类化合物,通过1D-、2D—NMR和高分辨质谱确定其结构。化合物2-8首次从黄皮属（Clausena）植物中分离得到。活性筛选结果表明,化合物1和6显示一定的细胞毒活性,对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞株的,c50分别为25．03和53．99μM;化合物3具有一定的抗氧化活性,在DPPH实验中的EC50为268．96g·kg-1。     

新华合物柴胡皂甙q—1的结构鉴定

从北柴胡（）Bupheurum chinense DC.）根的醇提液的正丁醇部分分离得到３个化合物,分别鉴定为柴胡皂甙q-1（１）、３″－Ｏ－乙酰柴胡皂甙d(2)和３″－Ｏ－乙酰柴胡皂甙b2(3).化合物１为新化合物,用化学和波谱法确定其结构为３β,１６α,２３,２８,３０－五羟基－齐墩果－１１,１３（１８）－二烯－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ吡喃葡萄糖（１→６）－[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基（１→４）]－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙。化合物２和３为首次从北柴胡中分离得到。     

猫儿瓜中的配糖体研究

自猫儿瓜（DecaisneafargesiiFranch）根中分离出10种单体化合物。本文报道其中3种化合物的结构鉴定,经化学方法和光谱解析鉴定为本通皂甙PG（Ⅰ）,川续断皂甙B（Ⅱ）,木通皂甙PK（Ⅲ）,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ均为首次从植物中获得。     

坚龙胆中的一个新裂环烯醚萜甙

从坚龙胆（Gentiana rigescens）的根中分离得到1个新的裂环烯醚萜甙,命名为坚龙胆甙A（1）,以及8个已知化合物：龙胆苦甙（2）,6＇-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-龙胆苦甙（3）,马钱子酸（4）,6＇-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基．马钱子酸（5）,獐牙菜甙（6）,2＇-（邻,间-二羟基苯甲酰基）．獐牙菜甙（7）,獐牙菜苦甙（8）,四乙酰开联番木鳖甙（9）。它们的化学结构通过现代波谱解析得以鉴定。化合物3,5和9为首次从坚龙胆中分离得到。     

中药脱皮马勃的化学成分研究

为了研究脱皮马勃Lasiosphaera fenzliiReich.子实体的化学成分,通过石油醚索氏提取、硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶色谱、重结晶分离纯化,从脱皮马勃子实体中分离得到了6个化合物,通过波谱数据分析分别鉴定它们为(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(1),麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3,6-二酮(2),麦角甾-5α,8α-环二氧-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(3),麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3-醇(4),麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3-酮(5),硬脂酸(6),其中化合物1~3、6是首次从脱皮马勃中分离得到。     

印楝内生真菌棘孢曲霉YM 311498的代谢产物研究

从印楝植物内生真菌棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）YM311498的发酵液提取物中分离得到4个化合物,通过波谱技术分别鉴定为大黄酚（1）、大黄素（2）、琥珀酸（3）、柠檬酸二甲酯（4）,以上化合物均为首次从该种真菌中分离得到。     

蜘蛛香化学成分的研究北大核心CSCD

研究蜘蛛香Valerianajatamansi的化学成分,为选择控制其质量的化学成分提供依据。应用色谱技术分离纯化得到9个化合物,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其分别为橙皮苷（1）,5-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸（2）,3,4-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸（3）,4,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸（4）,3-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸甲酯（5）,3-O-咖啡酰基奎宁酸（6）,原儿茶酸（7）,咖啡酸（8）,松脂素（9）。其中化合物2,7为首次从该种植物中分离得到,化合物3—5为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

蛹虫草子实体活性成分的分离鉴定

蛹虫草具有悠久的食药用历史,但关于其活性成分的种类仍知甚少。本文采用大孔树脂、硅胶柱、HPLC等色谱技术对蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris子实体粗提物进行分离纯化,从中得到3个化合物。通过波谱数据分析,化合物1–3分别被鉴定为：虫草素（3’-脱氧腺苷）（1）,色氨酸（2）和5,5’-dibuthoxy-2,2’-bifuran（3）,杂环化合物3为首次从蛹虫草子实体中获得。对化合物进行抗菌活性测定发现,虫草素和5,5’-dibuthoxy-2,2’-bifuran对枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌都有显著的抑菌活性,但是它们对酿酒酵母均未表现出明显抑菌活性。     

蓝柄丽齿菌的化学成分

从担子菌亚门蓝柄丽齿菌(Calodon suaveolens)中首次分离得到8个化合物,通过波谱学技术并借助必要的化学方法最终确定结构,它们是：(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(1),(22E,24R)-5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯．3β-醇(2),(22E,24R)-麦角甾．5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(3),(22E,24R)-3β-羟基麦角甾-5,22-二烯-7-酮(4),对羟基苯甲酸(5),尿嘧啶(6),polyozellin(7),(4E,BE）-2-N-(2’-羟基棕榈酰)-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-9-甲基-4,8-sphingadienine(8)。     

褐薄小齿菌的化学成分研究

从褐薄小齿菌(Hydnellum concrescens)子实体中分离得到9个已知化合物,借助光谱手段,它们的化学结构分别鉴定为:friedelin(1),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(2),5α,8α-过氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(3),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,22-二烯-3β-羟基-7-酮(4),6-甲氧基-cerevisterol(5),thelephantin K(6),thelephantin I(7),thelephantin J(8),thelephantin L(9)。     

Bacterial Community Analysis and Potential Functions of Core Taxa in Different Parts of the Fungus Cantharellus cibarius

Cantharellus cibarius is a widely distributed, popular, edible fungus with high nutritional and economic value. However, significant challenges persist in the microbial ecology and artificial cultivation of C. cibarius. Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing data, this study analyzed bacterial community structures and diversity of fruit bodies and rhizomorph parts of C. cibarius and mycosphere samples (collected in the Wudang District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China). It explored the composition and function of the core bacterial taxa. The analyzed results showed that the rhizomorph bacterial community structure was similar to mycosphere, but differed from the fruit bodies. Members of the Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium complex had the highest abundance in the fruit bodies. However, they were either absent or low in abundance in the rhizomorphs and mycosphere. At the same time, members of the Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia complex were abundant in the fruit bodies and rhizomorphs parts of C. cibarius, as well as mycosphere. Through functional annotation of core bacterial taxa, we found that there was an apparent trend of potential functional differentiation of related bacterial communities in the fruit body and rhizomorph: potential functional groups of core bacterial taxa in the fruit bodies centered on nitrogen fixation, nitrogen metabolism, and degradation of aromatic compounds, while those in rhizomorphs focused on aerobic chemoheterotrophy, chemoheterotrophy, defense against soil pathogens, decomposition of complex organic compounds, and uptake of insoluble inorganic compounds. The analysis of functional groups of bacteria with different structures is of great significance to understand that bacteria promote the growth and development of C. cibarius. Open in a separate window     

非洲隔囊蚁巢伞的化学成分研究(英文)

从肯尼亚安波塞利产的隔囊蚁巢伞(Termitomyces schimperi)子实体中分离得到8个已知化合物,通过波谱方法鉴定它们的结构为(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(1),(3β,5α,9α-三羟基麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮(2),5α,8α-过氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(3),麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮(4),D-阿拉伯糖醇(5),D-半乳糖醇(6),脑苷脂B(7)和脑苷脂D(8)。所有化合物均首次从该真菌中分离得到。     

中药灵芝降羊毛甾烷三萜类成分研究

研究灵芝Ganoderma lingzhi子实体的化学成分。采用正相硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱和prep-HPLC等方法分离与纯化,运用NMR、MS等波谱技术鉴定化合物结构。从灵芝95%乙醇提取物中分离得到5个降羊毛甾烷三萜类化合物,分别是ethyl 20(21)-dehydrolucidenate A(1)、lingzhi-20(21)-en-24-oic acid A(2)、20(21)-dehydrolucidenic acid A(3)、赤芝酮A(4)、lucidadone H(5)。化合物1和2是两个新的降羊毛甾烷三萜化合物;化合物3~5为首次从该属真菌中分离得到。化合物1和2在白血病(HL-60)、肺癌(A549)、肝癌(SMMC-7721)、乳腺癌(MCF-7)、结肠癌(SW480)五种不同的癌细胞株上进行细胞毒活性筛选,结果显示化合物1~5在40μM时无明显的细胞毒活性。     

15N natural abundance in fruit bodies of different functional groups of fungi in relation to substrate utilization

Natural abundances of ¹⁵N and N concentrations of 34 fruit bodies from 24 species of ectomycorrhizal and saprophytic fungi were measured in a temperate Central European mixed forest stand. The fungi of the two life forms are known to be capable of utilizing different types of N sources (organic N compounds from the humus, inorganic N from the soil and N from litter or wood) differing by their ¹⁵N natural abundance values. Based on the two life forms and the three different N sources, four functional groups of fungi were distinguished: (1) ectomycorrhizal fungi capable of utilizing organic N from the humus; (2) ectomycorrhizal fungi known to depend on inorganic N compounds in the soil; (3) saprophytes capable of utilizing organic N from the humus; and (4) saprophytes utilizing N from dead wood or litter. Large differences were found between species in the δ¹⁵N values (−3.0 to 3.3‰) and in the N concentrations (0.84 to 6.61 mmol eq N g dw⁻¹) of the fruit bodies. In most cases fungi were more enriched in ¹⁵N than their respective bulk N source was. Fungi living in humus, and presumably having access to organic N compounds (groups 1 and 3), were significantly more enriched in ¹⁵N than fungi which are known to depend on inorganic N (e.g. Laccaria , group 2), or fungi living on litter or wood (group 4), irrespective of whether they were ectomycorrhizal or saprophytic species. Fungi living in humus had significantly higher N concentrations than fungi living on litter or wood.     

黑柄炭角菌的化学成分

从黑柄炭角菌(Xylaria nigripe)子实体中分离得到10个化合物,通过波谱分析等方法分别鉴定为(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(1)、5α,8α-过氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(2)、脑苷酯B(3)、脑苷酯D(4)、stearic acid(5)、甘油的亚油酸三酯(trilinolein,6)、α-kojibiose(7)、D-阿洛糖醇(8)、L-氨基丙酸(9)和尿囊素(10)。所有化合物均为首次从该子实体中分离得到。     

Appearance of smaller lipid bodies and protein kinase activation in the lipid body fraction are induced by an increase in the nitrogen source in the Mortierella fungus

We studied the regulation of lipid body biogenesis in the oleaginous fungus Mortierella ramanniana var. angulispora by investigating culture conditions to modulate lipid body size, which we found was affected by the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) in the culture medium. Increasing the nitrogen source or decreasing the C/N ratio from 38 to 9 induced the appearance of lipid bodies with diameters less than 2-3 micro m, which are usually found at a C/N ratio of 38 in this fungus. To determine factors regulating lipid body size, we compared lipid body fractions from fungal cells cultured at different C/N ratios. We found some differences in polypeptide profiles between lipid body fractions from fungal cells cultured at different C/N ratios for 2 days when the lipid bodies were enlarged at a C/N ratio of 38. We then compared the phosphorylation of lipid body proteins, since protein phosphorylation plays a pivotal role in various aspects of signal transduction. In vitro phosphorylation in the lipid body fraction indicated that protein kinase activity toward endogenous and exogenous substrates such as histone IIIS, VIIS, and myelin basic protein increased in the lipid body fraction at a C/N ratio of 9. Further analysis by in-gel protein kinase assay indicated the presence of at least three activated protein kinases with molecular masses of 75, 72, and 42 kDa, which were also autophosphorylated. These results indicate the presence of nutrient-regulated protein kinases and increased phosphorylation in lipid bodies, which correlate with the appearance of smaller lipid bodies in this fungus. Further studies to characterize these protein kinases at the molecular level should provide new insights into the link between nutrient sensing and lipid storage.     

Chemical constituents of Stereum subtomentosum and two other birch-associated basidiomycetes: an interspecies comparative study

Metabolites of the wood-rotting fungus Stereum subtomentosum Pouzar (Basidiomycetes, order Russulales, family Stereaceae) occurring on birch (Betula pendula Roth) trees were phytochemically investigated for the first time. Three main metabolite chemotypes present in MeOH extracts of the fruit bodies, viz. steroids, fatty acids, and water-soluble sugars, were fractionated, isolated, and identified by 1D/2D NMR-spectroscopic analyses, NMR data comparisons, and chemical correlations combined with GC/MS experiments. Thirteen compounds including two 5 alpha,8 alpha-epidioxy steroids, alpha,alpha'-trehalose, D-arabinitol, D-mannitol, and saturated/unsaturated fatty acids, were identified. Differences among S. subtomentosum and two other birch-associated fungal species, Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilát, and Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.: Fr.) P. Karst (Basidiomycetes, order Polyporales, family Polyporaceae) were evaluated as regards the richness and abundance relationships in metabolite profiling.