几种海洋动物药中氨基酸

报道了中药瓦楞子,蛤壳、贝齿、鱼脑石、鹅管石中氨基酸的含量测定方法,测得的数据可为全面深入的研究这几种海洋动物药提供参考依据。     

中药联合艾司洛尔对脓毒症患者心肌抑制的干预效果分析

目的探讨中药联合β受体阻滞剂艾司洛尔对脓毒症患者心肌抑制的干预效果。方法将2014年1月~2017年1月符合脓毒症诊断的患者106例,采用随机数字表法分为中药联合艾司洛尔组(53例)和对照组(53例)。对照组按照脓毒症休克指南常规治疗,并给与艾司洛尔干预;中药联合艾司洛尔组在对照组的基础上,给予中药参松养心胶囊治疗。两组均治疗1周后,分别测定治疗前和治疗后患者血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)浓度,并通过超声心动图随访评价两组患者治疗后心功能,比较主要心血管事件(MACE)的发生情况。结果中药联合艾司洛尔组治疗后cTnⅠ水平明显低于对照组(P0.05),而且治疗后cTnI0.10μg/L患者的比例明显低于对照组(P0.01)。随访1个月后,中药联合艾司洛尔组患者左心室收缩末内径低于对照组(P0.05),左心室射血分数高于对照组(P0.01);两组MACE发生率比较,差异无统计学意义。结论中药联合艾司洛尔组可以减少心肌抑制,提高心肌功能,治疗后长期服用可以改善患者的左心室功能。     

Oxidative stress contributes to pulmonary hypertension in the transgenic (mRen2)27 rat

The transgenic (mRen2)27 (Ren2) rat overexpresses mouse renin in extrarenal tissues, causing increased local synthesis of ANG II, oxidative stress, and hypertension. However, little is known about the role of oxidative stress induced by the tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) as a contributing factor in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Using male Ren2 rats, we test the hypothesis that lung tissue RAS overexpression and resultant oxidative stress contribute to PH and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), and wall thickness of small pulmonary arteries (PA), as well as intrapulmonary NADPH oxidase activity and subunit protein expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS), were compared in age-matched Ren2 and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats pretreated with the SOD/catalase mimetic tempol for 21 days. In placebo-treated Ren2 rats, MAP and RVSP, as well as intrapulmonary NADPH oxidase activity and subunits (Nox2, p22phox, and Rac-1) and ROS, were elevated compared with placebo-treated SD rats (P < 0.05). Tempol decreased RVSP (P < 0.05), but not MAP, in Ren2 rats. Tempol also reduced intrapulmonary NADPH oxidase activity, Nox2, p22phox, and Rac-1 protein expression, and ROS in Ren2 rats (P < 0.05). Compared with SD rats, the cross-sectional surface area of small PA was 38% greater (P < 0.001) and luminal surface area was 54% less (P < 0.001) in Ren2 rats. Wall surface area was reduced and luminal area was increased in tempol-treated SD and Ren2 rats compared with untreated controls (P < 0.05). Collectively, the results of this investigation support a seminal role for enhanced tissue RAS/oxidative stress as factors in development of PH and pulmonary vascular remodeling.     

Discovery of novel insomnia leads from screening traditional Chinese medicine database

Insomnia is a prominent modern disease that affects an increasing population. Undesirable side effects of commercial drugs highlight the need to develop novel insomnia drugs. Virtual screening of traditional chinese medicine Database@Taiwan (TCM Database@Taiwan) identified 2-O-Caffeoyl tartaric acid (1), 2-O-Feruloyl tartaric acid (2), and Mumefural (3) as potential agonists for both gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) or benzodiazepine (BZ) binding sites. The TCM candidates exhibited higher affinity than GABA and Zolpidem, a phenomenon that could be attributed to higher quantity of stabilizing H-bonds. Efficacy profiles using support vector machines and pharmacophore contour also suggest drug potential of the TCM candidates. Fragments added to the de novo derivatives 3a, 3b, 3c for GABA binding site, and 1a, 2a, and 3d for BZ binding site contributed to new binding sites and structural stability, further optimizing binding to GABA or BZ binding sites. Increased opening of the ion channel by candidate ligands provide strong support for their potential biological functions. The dual binding properties of the TCM candidates present a unique opportunity to develop twin-targeting drugs with less side effects. Derivative structures can be used as starting points for developing high affinity GABA_A receptor agonists with specificity towards GABA binding site and BZ binding site.     

Host cell surface sialic acid residues are involved on the process of penetration of Toxoplasma gondii into mammalian cells

Tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii are able to infect several cell types tested (wild-type chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and glycosylation mutants, Vero and LLCMK2 cells). However, the extent of infection varied. Mutant cells which present few or no surface-exposed sialic acid residues were infected to a lower extent. Similar results were obtained if sialic acid residues were removed by previous neuraminidase treatment. Addition of sialic acid residues to surface-exposed glycoconjugates using fetuin as a sialic acid donor and the trans-sialidase of Trypanosoma cruzi rendered the cells more easily infected by Toxoplasma gondii. These observations indicate that surface-exposed carbohydrate residues of the host cell are involved on the process of Toxoplasma gondii-host cell recognition.     

石蒜鳞茎中氨基酸和矿质元素的含量分析

石蒜(Lycoris radiata Herb.)是一种传统的中药.分别利用HP高效液相色谱仪(LC1100)和原子吸收分光光度计(TAS-986),测定石蒜鳞茎中17种氨基酸和7种矿质元素的含量;在测定的17种氨基酸中7种未检测到;除Zn以外,石蒜鳞茎中K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu都相对较低.     

老年膝骨性关节炎的中西医结合临床综合干预方案制定和优化的临床研究

摘要 目的：制定并优化老年膝骨性关节炎（KOA）的中西医结合临床综合干预方案,为老年KOA提供更加规范化、可操作化的治疗方案。方法：选取2019年1月～2019年12月我院住院、符合纳入标准的KOA患者90例,按随机双盲法随机分为治疗1组、治疗2组及治疗3组各30例,治疗1组采用基础药物治疗+中医辨证论治中药口服+理疗方案治疗,外加日常医护人员的传统入院宣教。治疗2组在治疗1组的基础上增加三项中医特色疗法治疗。治疗3组在治疗2组的基础上再增加经过特定编排的系统宣教视频。记录视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分、膝关节评分表（KSS）评分,并考察肝肾功能等安全性指标及患者满意度。结果：治疗后三组VAS评分、KSS临床评分、KSS功能评分比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。三组患者VAS评分、KSS临床评分、KSS功能评分治疗后均较治疗前有明显好转,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。与治疗1组治疗后比较,治疗2组、治疗3组VAS评分均较低,KSS临床评分和KSS功能评分均升高,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。三组间满意度比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但与治疗1组治疗后比较,治疗3组满意度升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。全部患者均未见不良事件及并发症,治疗前后肝肾功能均无异常,安全性良好。结论：中西医结合保守治疗综合干预方案对于老年性KOA的治疗确实有效,中医特色疗法明显增加了疗效,统一规范、有可执行标准是其重点,系统的宣教有利于整个方案,疗效满意,且安全性良好,具有一定的临床推广价值。     

中医针药联合治疗结直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能障碍的疗效观察

目的:观察中医针药联合对结直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复的影响。方法:回顾性收集2010年5月至2016年5月88例接受肠癌根治性手术患者的临床资料,根据术后治疗方式不同分为4组:常规组30例,针灸组20例,中药组22例,针药联合组16例。对比各组患者术后胃肠功能的客观指标:肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气排便时间,及实验室指标;血清胃动素(MOT)和生长抑素(SS)水平,并评价各组患者术后总疗效。结果:4组患者肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间及血清MOT及SS水平组间比较均存在统计学差异(P0.05),针药联合组肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间均低于其他3组,针灸组及中药组亦低于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);针药联合组血清MOT及SS水平均高于其他3组,针灸组及中药组亦高于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。针灸组、中药组及针药联合组总有效率均高于常规组,针药联合组亦高于针灸组及中药组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中医针药联合对结直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能障碍的治疗具有显著作用。     

Sex differences in baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate variability, and end organ damage in the TGR(mRen2)27 rat

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate sex differences in baroreflex and heart rate variability (HRV) dysfunction and indexes of end-organ damage in the TG(mRen2)27 (Ren2) rat, a model of renin overexpression and tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system overactivation. Blood pressure (via telemetric monitoring), blood pressure variability [BPV; SD of systolic blood pressure (SBP)], spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity, HRV [HRV Triangular Index (HRV-TI), standard deviation of the average NN interval (SDNN), low and high frequency power (LF and HF, respectively), and Poincaré plot analysis (SD1, SD2)], and cardiovascular function (pressure-volume loop analysis and proteinuria) were evaluated in male and female 10-wk-old Ren2 and Sprague Dawley rats. The severity of hypertension was greater in Ren2 males (R2-M) than in Ren2 females (R2-F). Increased BPV, suppression of baroreflex gain, decreased HRV, and associated end-organ damage manifested as cardiac dysfunction, myocardial remodeling, elevated proteinuria, and tissue oxidative stress were more pronounced in R2-M compared with R2-F. During the dark cycle, HRV-TI and SDNN were negatively correlated with SBP within R2-M and positively correlated within R2-F; within R2-M, these indexes were also negatively correlated with end-organ damage [left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)]. Furthermore, within R2-M only, LVH was strongly correlated with indexes of HRV representing predominantly vagal (HF, SD1), but not sympathetic (LF, SD2), variability. These data demonstrated relative protection in females from autonomic dysfunction and end-organ damage associated with elevated blood pressure in the Ren2 model of hypertension.     

植物乳杆菌ZS2058在磷酸盐缓冲液体系中生物转化共轭亚油酸

植物乳杆菌ZS2058是从泡菜中筛选到一株具有转化共轭亚油酸能力的乳酸菌。该菌株在MRS培养基中经0.5mg/mL的亚油酸诱导培养后,所获得的菌体细胞具有较强的转化能力。文中就植物乳杆菌ZS2058水洗细胞在磷酸盐缓冲液体系中生物转化共轭亚油酸进行了深入研究。在非厌氧条件下,植物乳杆菌ZS2058在亚油酸浓度为1mg/mL,湿细胞质量浓度约为150mg/mL,120r/min、37℃的条件下反应24h后,能将亚油酸转化为共轭亚油酸和羟基脂肪酸,其中c9,t11-CLA占所产生的CLA总量的96.4%,产量可高达312.4μg/mL,说明该菌株有很强的专一性。随着反应进一步进行,反应至36h时,c9,t11-CLA含量逐渐减少,伴随着大量羟基脂肪酸的产生;并且,以CLA(c9,t11-CLA和t10,c12-CLA的混合样品)为底物进行反应时,c9,t11-CLA被转化为羟基脂肪酸。由此可知,c9,t11-CLA可能是该菌株生物转化LA过程中的一个中间产物。     

Preparative production of colominic acid oligomers via a facile microwave hydrolysis

The hydrolysis of colominic acid via microwave irradiation was studied for the production of short-chain oligomers with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 1-5. This method was compared to the traditional acid hydrolytic method for the production of preparative quantities of short colominic acid oligomers. The oligomers were purified by size exclusion chromatography and characterized by ¹H NMR. Optimal conditions for producing the dimer were found to be 12 min at 10% power in a 1000-Watt domestic microwave. This method is advantageous over the traditional technique in that the hydrolysis can be completed in just a few minutes, rather than in a few hours, it is reproducible, and yields large quantities of the desirable short chain oligomers of colominic acid.     

交流示波极谱滴定法测定谷氨酸含量

在ＫＣｌ底液中,用ＫＯＨ标准溶液直接滴定谷氨酸至极谱图形上切口出现指示终点,此方法简单、快速,终点直观,结果准确。     

Angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress promotes myocardial tissue remodeling in the transgenic (mRen2) 27 Ren2 rat

Angiotensin II (ANG II) contributes to cardiac remodeling, hypertrophy, and left ventricular dysfunction. ANG II stimulation of the ANG type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) generates reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase, which facilitates this hypertrophy and remodeling. This investigation sought to determine whether cardiac oxidative stress and cellular remodeling could be attenuated by in vivo AT(1)R blockade (AT(1)B) (valsartan) or superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic (tempol) treatment in a rodent model of chronically elevated tissue levels of ANG II, the transgenic (mRen2) 27 rat (Ren2). Ren2 rats overexpress the mouse renin transgene with resultant hypertension, insulin resistance, proteinuria, and cardiovascular damage. Young (6-7 wk old) male Ren2 and age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with valsartan (30 mg/kg), tempol (1 mmol/l), or placebo for 3 wk. Heart tissue NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity and immunohistochemical analysis of subunits NOX2, Rac1, and p22(phox), heart tissue malondialdehyde, and insulin-stimulated protein kinase B (Akt) activation were measured. Structural changes were assessed with cine MRI, transmission electron microscopy, and light microscopy. Increases in septal wall thickness and altered systolic function (cine MRI) were associated with perivascular fibrosis and increased mitochondria in Ren2 on light and transmission electron microscopy (P < 0.05). AT(1)B, but not tempol, reduced blood pressure (P < 0.05); significant improvements were seen with both AT(1)B and tempol on NOX activity, subunit expression, malondialdehyde, and insulin-mediated activation/phosphorylation of Akt (each P < 0.05). Collectively, these data suggest cardiac oxidative stress-induced structural and functional changes are driven, in part, by AT(1)R-mediated increases in NADPH oxidase activity.     

豆豉中高产γ-氨基丁酸乳酸菌的筛选及其谷氨酸脱羧酶酶学特性研究

目的从云南传统发酵豆豉中分离和筛选得到高产γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的乳酸菌,同时研究其分泌产生的GAD酶学特性,以期为GABA的自动化发酵及GAD的固定化生产提供参考依据。方法通过高效液相色谱分析,筛选到一株高产GABA的乳酸菌,并初步研究其GAD酶学特性。结果从云南传统发酵豆豉中筛选得到高产GA-BA的Lactobacillus plantarum YM-4-3（产量高达5.74 mmol/L,即0.592 g/L）,其最适发酵条件为35℃,MSG含量为3%,初始pH 6.0,静置厌氧（5%CO2）发酵96 h;酶学特性研究结果表明,该菌株由来GAD是一种酸性酶,在酸性条件下稳定,最适反应pH为4.0,最适反应温度40℃,辅因子磷酸吡哆醛的最适浓度为200μmol/L。结论云南传统发酵豆豉可作为筛选具有较强GABA转化能力乳酸菌的资源库,该研究将有助于新型乳酸菌发酵豆豉的研发。     

抗肿瘤中药中脂肪酸合酶抑制剂的筛选

最新报道脂肪酸合酶(EC.2.3.1.85,Fatty acid synthase,FAS)是治疗癌症和肥胖的双重靶部位。本文对24种抗肿瘤中药进行抑制FAS活性研究。实验结果表明,这24种中药中有17种具有抑制FAS生物活性(抑制率I40%),其中9种中药抑制FAS活性较高(抑制率I70%),为寻找无毒、低成本的FAS抑制剂提供依据。     

中药治疗糖尿病的研究概况

从单味中药及有效成分、有效部位,中药复方,作用机制等方面对近年来中药治疗糖尿病的研究概况进行综述,为进一步从中药中研制治疗糖尿病的创新药物提供参考。     

A new G protein-coupled receptor from a primitive metazoan shows homology with vertebrate aminergic receptors and displays constitutive activity in mammalian cells

Biogenic amine receptors mediate wide-ranging hormonal and modulatory functions in vertebrates, but are largely unknown in primitive invertebrates. In a representative of the most basal multicellular animals possessing a nervous system, the cnidarian Renilla koellikeri, aminergic-like receptors were previously characterized pharmacologically and found to engender control of the animal's bioluminescent and peristaltic reactions. Using degenerate oligonucleotides in a RT-PCR strategy, we obtained a full-length cDNA encoding a polypeptide with typical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) characteristics and which displayed a significant degree of sequence similarity (up to 45%) to biogenic amine receptors, particularly dopamine and adrenergic receptors. The new receptor, named Ren1, did not resemble any one specific type of amine GPCR and thus could not be identified on the basis of sequence. Ren1 was expressed transiently and stably in cultured mammalian cells, as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and western blotting. Functional analysis of transfected HEK293, LTK- and COS-7 cells, based on both cAMP and Ca2+ signalling assays, revealed that Ren1 was not activated by any of the known biogenic amines tested and several related metabolites. The results indicated, however, that cells stably expressing Ren1 contained, on average, an 11-fold higher level of cAMP than the controls, in the absence of agonist stimulation. The high basal cAMP levels were shown to be specific for Ren1 and to vary proportionally with the level of Ren1 expressed in the transfected cells. Taken together, the data suggested that Ren1 was expressed as a constitutively active receptor. Its identification provides a basis for examination of the early evolutionary emergence of GPCRs and their functional properties.     

Studies on the Constituents of Wikstroemia Chamaedaphne

Wikstroemia chamaedaphne is a traditional chinese medicinal herb, its flavonoid compounds of leaf, which possess beneficial effect on the treatment of hepatitis; have been isolated. By means of mixed solvents and polyamide column chromatography, four crystallinic compounds were obtained, they were 5, 7-dihydroxy-3″-methoxy flavone-4-O-mono-D-glucoside; 5, 7, 4″-trihydroxy, flavone-3-O-β-mono-D-glucoside; 5, 7, 3′, 4′-tetrahydroxy flavone-3-O-β-mono-D-glucoside; 5, 7, 3″, 4′-tetrahydroxy flavone-8-C-β-mono-D-glucoside. From ether soluble fraetion, n-hentriacontane, triacontanol, octacosanol, and 29-hydroxy-ncnacosan-3-one were obtained. These constituents were identified by spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, NMR, MS), preparation of derivatives, hydrolysis of acid and enzyme, and determination of physico-chemical constants, respectively.     

A limited LCA of bio-adipic acid: manufacturing the nylon-6,6 precursor adipic acid using the benzoic acid degradation pathway from different feedstocks

A limited life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed on a combined biological and chemical process for the production of adipic acid, which was compared to the traditional petrochemical process. The LCA comprises the biological conversion of the aromatic feedstocks benzoic acid, impure aromatics, toluene, or phenol from lignin to cis, cis-muconic acid, which is subsequently converted to adipic acid through hydrogenation. Apart from the impact of usage of petrochemical and biomass-based feedstocks, the environmental impact of the final concentration of cis, cis-muconic acid in the fermentation broth was studied using 1.85% and 4.26% cis, cis-muconic acid. The LCA focused on the cumulative energy demand (CED), cumulative exergy demand (CExD), and the CO(2) equivalent (CO(2) eq) emission, with CO(2) and N(2) O measured separately. The highest calculated reduction potential of CED and CExD were achieved using phenol, which reduced the CED by 29% and 57% with 1.85% and 4.26% cis, cis-muconic acid, respectively. A decrease in the CO(2) eq emission was especially achieved when the N(2) O emission in the combined biological and chemical process was restricted. At 4.26% cis, cis-muconic acid, the different carbon backbone feedstocks contributed to an optimized reduction of CO(2) eq emissions ranging from 14.0 to 17.4 ton CO(2) eq/ton adipic acid. The bulk of the bioprocessing energy intensity is attributed to the hydrogenation reactor, which has a high environmental impact and a direct relationship with the product concentration in the broth.