氮源对紫云英根瘤菌nod基因表达的作用

高浓度的硫酸铵阻碍了紫云英根瘤菌诱导紫云英根毛发生典型的根毛变形并明显抑制了紫云英结瘤能力。通过对融合子的β－半乳糖苷酶活性的测定地一步表明高２的硫酸铵对紫云英的结瘤调节基因ｎｏｄＤ２、共同结瘤基因ｎｏｄＡ及ｎｏｄＢＣ的表达有抑制作用而对结瘤调节基因ｎｏｄＤ１的表达无抑制作用。     

豇豆根瘤菌NGR234和紫云英根瘤菌109感染紫云英的比较研究

利用光学和电子显微镜对紫云英根瘤菌菌株109和广宿主的快生型根瘤菌菌株NGR234感染温带型豆科植物紫云英进行了研究,结果表明根瘤菌感染紫云英是通过在根毛中形成侵染线的途径。电子显微镜研究揭示了固氮根瘤中细胞内侵染线的存在。接种二天后,首先可观察到根毛的卷曲或分枝。接种四至五天后,在每株植物卷曲的根毛中可看到侵染线。接种八至十天后的植株出现肉眼可见的根瘤。菌株NGR234能够在紫云英上诱导根毛的卷曲,侵染线和根瘤的形成,但所形成的根瘤却未能固氮,根瘤中无明显的类菌体区,但有少数包有细菌的侵染线。NGR234抗抗菌素的衍生菌均未能使紫云英结瘤。将NGR234的共生质粒转移至三叶草、苜蓿、豌豆、快生型大豆根瘤菌和农杆菌,亦未能使这些细菌获得紫云英上结瘤的能力。     

紫云英根瘤菌结瘤因子的初步研究

最近的研究结果表明,豆科植物与根瘤菌的共生识别是一种双向的信号物质交换过程.首先是豆科植物的根或种子分泌类黄酮物质,诱导根瘤菌的结瘤基因(nod genes)产生结瘤因子(nod factors),分泌到胞外,为植物所接受,从而引发植物某些基因表达,细胞分化,细胞壁形成,最终导致根毛变形等一系列变化.已经测定了几种苜蓿根瘤菌(Rhizobium meliloti)和豌豆根瘤菌(R.leguminosarum bv.viciae)结瘤因子的分子结构式,它们均属于寡糖胺类物质,在没有根瘤菌存在的条件下,结瘤因子能独立地促使根毛发生变形,这是检测结瘤因子是否存在的重要手段,即根毛变形试验(Root hairdeformation assay,简称Had试验).高浓度的结瘤因子甚至能诱导植物产生空瘤,其组织结构与典型的根瘤相同.     

Rpfan37在刺槐共生结瘤过程中的功能探究

目的:研究刺槐中与磷脂酰肌醇转运蛋白有较高同源性的基因Rpfan37的功能,为探究相关基因参与豆科植物与根瘤菌共生结瘤过程提供新的思路。方法:通过前期研究,建立豆科植物刺槐与共生根瘤菌互作的抑制差减杂交反交文库,筛选疑似与共生结瘤相关的基因。利用PCR技术快速克隆经实时荧光定量PCR技术(qRT-PCR)分析基因在不同接菌时间及不同植物组织的表达。构建RNA干扰(RNAi)重组载体,转农杆菌介导转化植物根部,接种根瘤菌后验证该基因在刺槐共生结瘤过程的功能。结果:基因表达分析显示,在接菌与未接菌的刺槐根中,处理后第15天,Rpfan37表达均显著上调,但接菌与未接菌处理对该基因表达无显著影响;在成熟的根瘤中,该基因仅为低水平表达。RNAi转化植株的鲜重、株高、根长及结瘤数较对照组显著降低。在显微镜下观察到RNAi植株根毛发育异常;与对照相比,RNAi转化植株形成的根毛卷曲、根毛侵染线及根瘤原基数目均显著降低。根瘤石蜡切片结果显示RNAi植株根瘤中的侵染细胞与对照相比明显减少,分析豆血红蛋白表达发现,RNAi植株中根瘤发育成熟过程明显受阻。结论:在豆科植物刺槐中发现的相关基因Rpfan37能够参与刺槐共生结瘤过程,为研究磷脂酰肌醇转运蛋白在共生结瘤过程中的作用提供了新的理论基础。     

导入三叶草根瘤菌寄主范围基因对豌豆根瘤菌侵染白三叶草的影响

将带有三叶草根瘤菌寄主范围基因的豌豆根瘤菌(转移接合子182和290)接种白三叶草,观察比较它们对白三叶草早期侵染特征和结瘤情况。转移接合子182虽然诱导白三叶草根毛细胞弯曲,但未观察到侵染,也无侵染线形成;而转移接合子290能诱导白三叶草根毛形成紧密的弯曲,溶解根毛细胞壁和侵染白三叶草。结瘤试验表明,白三叶草接种转移接合子290所诱导的结瘤情况与接种三叶草根瘤菌野生型菌株ANU 843的情况很相似。转移接合子182只能诱导个别无效瘤,290和ANU843一样都能在白三叶草上结瘤。由此说明转移接合子如果只携带三叶草根瘤菌的部分寄主范围基因(FEL)仍不能在白三叶草上诱导侵染和正常结瘤,而必需携带全部寄主范围基因(FELMN)才能在白三叶草上正常结瘤。     

紫云英根瘤菌基因文库的构建及含完整结瘤基因的重组质粒pRaZ15的分离

以紫云英根瘤菌菌株7653R为材料,制备总DNA,经EcoRⅠ限制酶部分酶解,通过10—50％蔗糖梯度离心,分离到20一30 kb的DNA片段。利用能在革兰氏阴性菌中转移和复制的广谱寄主载体——pLAFRl质粒,构建了紫云英根瘤菌基因文库。通过与苜蓿根瘤菌102l菌株中8．7kb的共同结瘤基因(作探针DNA)杂交,从基因文库中分离到紫云英根瘤菌共同结瘤基因片段。以紫云英根瘤菌不结瘤突变株7653R+1(7653R消除共生质粒)为受体、构建的7653R基因文库(E．Coli C600)为供体,通过协助转移质粒pRK2013(LE392)进行三亲交配,在含四环素的根瘤菌台成培养基(sM)上选择接合转移子。将得到的所有接台转移子混合在一起接种植物,通过植物结瘤试验,分离到含紫云英根瘤菌结瘤基因的重组质粒pRaz15。将该质粒用EcoRⅠ完全酶切,得到25kb左右的外源DNA片段,该片段携带完整的结瘤基因簇。     

Ca2 +对小麦种根及其根毛生长发育的影响

低浓度的CaCl2对小麦种根生长、根毛发生和生长无明显影响,高浓度的CaCl2(0.1 mol/L)对种根和根毛生长有抑制作用,但不影响根毛的发生。Ca2+专一性整合剂EGTA抑制种根生长和根毛的发生及生长,添加一定浓度的外源CaCl2,这种抑制作用可被消除。CaM抑制剂TFP(三氟拉嗪)和CPZ(氯丙嗪)对种根生长、根毛发生和生长均有抑制作用,添加外源CaM可减弱或消除这种抑制作用。     

诱导紫云英根瘤菌nod基因表达的一些植物因子

利用柱层析、薄层层析（TLC）和高压液相色谱（HPLC）从紫云英种子中分离并纯化对紫云英根瘤菌nd基因表达有诱导活性的成分,质谱（MS）鉴定为抽皮素（naringenin）。19种类黄酮或非类黄酮化合物对紫云英根瘤菌结瘤基因表达的诱导活性实验表明,紫云英根瘤菌的结瘤基因可以应答多种诱导咸分,除抽皮素外,还有类黄酮物质毛地黄黄酮（luteolin）、大豆素（daidzein）以及非类黄酮化合物7-羟基香豆素（umbelliferone）和葫芦巴碱（trigonelline）。     

诱导紫云英根瘤菌nod基因表达的一些植物因子

利用柱层析,薄层层析和高压液相色谱从紫云英种子中分离并纯化对紫云英根瘤菌ｎｏｄ基因表达有诱导活性的成分,质谱鉴定为柚皮素。１９种类黄酮或非类黄酮化合物对此紫云英根瘤菌结瘤基因表达的诱导活性实验表明,紫云黄根瘤菌的结瘤基因可以应答多种诱导成分,除柚皮素外,还有类黄酮物质毛地黄黄酮,大豆素以及非类黄酮化合物７－羟基香豆素和葫芦巴碱。     

根瘤菌结瘤因子的微量生物检测法

在豆科植物根系分泌物诱导下,根瘤菌在自生状态下能产生胞外寡糖胺类物质─—结瘤因子,其生物学功能之一是引起某些豆科植物根毛卷曲。结瘤因子与根毛接触４ｈ后,即使去除结瘤因子,３～６天后根毛即能发生变形。据此设计出一种结瘤因子微量生物检测法。该法操作方便,并且只需耗用微量结瘤因子。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。