不同剂量柚皮素对FADU细胞生长的调节及机制研究

目的:探究不同剂量柚皮素(naringenin)对人下咽癌FADU细胞的作用及其相关机制。方法:以不同剂量(0、100、200、400、800μg/m L)柚皮素对FADU细胞进行处理,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态学变化;cck-8法检测药物作用后不同时间(24、48、72 h)FADU细胞增殖的变化;流式细胞仪检测柚皮素作用48 h细胞凋亡的变化;采用Transwell趋化小室体外侵袭实验测定48 h后细胞的侵袭能力的变化;蛋白免疫印迹法检测48 h后细胞内PI3K/AKT信号通路凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响。结果:cck-8法检测发现柚皮素抑制FADU细胞增殖作用明显,呈浓度和时间依赖性;流式细胞结果发现200,400,800μg/m L柚皮素作用48 h后,FADU细胞的凋亡率显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Transwell体外侵袭实验发现,随着柚皮素浓度增加,FADU细胞穿透聚碳酸酯滤膜的能力逐渐减弱,柚皮素有效的抑制FADU细胞在体外的侵袭能力,呈浓度依赖性。同时,蛋白免疫印迹法凋亡相关蛋白检测结果表明,FADU细胞内BCL2、P-AKT和P-PI3K蛋白表达均受到明显抑制。结论:柚皮素能有效抑制人下咽癌FADU细胞的增殖、体外侵袭能力,诱导细胞凋亡;其机制与下调PI3K/AKT信号通路凋亡相关蛋白表达有关。     

黄芩苷介导PI3K/AKT通路减轻脂多糖诱导的心肌细胞凋亡及炎症反应

为探讨黄芩苷对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的大鼠心肌细胞凋亡、炎症及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)信号通路的调控作用,该研究体外培养大鼠心肌H9C2细胞,将其分为对照组(不做干预)、LPS组(10μg/m L LPS)、实验组(10μg/m L LPS+10、20、40、80μmol/L黄芩苷)、黄芩苷+Y组(10μg/m L LPS+10μmol/L黄芩苷+5μmol/L PI3K/AKT通路抑制剂LY294002)、抑制剂组(10μg/m L LPS+5μmol/L LY294002)和黄芩苷+A组[10μg/m L LPS+10μmol/L黄芩苷+100 ng/mL PI3K/AKT通路激活剂胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I)]。用细胞计数试剂盒-8测定细胞活力;酶联免疫吸附试验检测炎症因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6和IL-10的含量; Hoechst33258染色法测定细胞凋亡率; 5-乙炔基-2’脱氧尿嘧啶核苷测定细胞增殖率;蛋白免疫印迹法测定PI3K/AKT相关蛋白、细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)和半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspas...     

EB病毒感染导致单核细胞增多症患儿免疫功能的变化及意义

探究EB病毒感染导致单核细胞增多症(IM)患儿免疫功能的变化及意义,以期为EB病毒感致IM的诊疗提供理论依据。研究对象选取2015年6月至2016年6月期间于我院诊治的80例EB病毒感染导致IM患者以及40例体检正常儿童,将确诊未开始治疗的IM患者设为观察组(40例),处于恢复期的IM患者设为治疗组(40例),将体检正常儿童设为对照组。检测淋T巴细胞亚群CD3~+T细胞、CD4~+T细胞、CD8~+T细胞比例以及CD4~+/CD8~+比值,并比较3组观察对象外周血白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)的水平。研究显示观察组CD3~+与CD8~+分别为(0.75±0.13)、(0.45±0.11),均显著高于对照组((0.53±0.09),(0.26±0.09))、治疗组((0.57±0.10),(0.30±0.10)),观察组CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均显著低于对照组与治疗组,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05),治疗组与对照组各项指标差异均不显著(p0.05);观察组IL-6、IL-8分别为(16.34±4.22)pg/m L、(17.96±4.32)pg/m L,显著高于对照组((9.32±3.21)pg/m L、(10.12±3.10)pg/m L)、治疗组((10.32±3.32)pg/m L、(10.78±3.16)pg/m L),差异具有统计学意义(p0.05),治疗组与对照组各项指标差异均不显著(p0.05)。综上可得EB病毒感染后患儿体内CD3~+与CD8~+显著升高,打破CD4~+/CD8~+平衡,免疫功能失常是IM发病的重要原因,对于探究免疫功能的变化对IM的诊治具有重要意义。     

甘草次酸对甲状腺癌细胞SW579 凋亡的影响及其机制*

目的:研究甘草次酸对甲状腺癌细胞SW579凋亡的影响及其可能的机制。方法:甲状腺癌细胞SW579分成4组,每组设置5个复孔,对照组为含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基;低浓度甘草次酸组为含浓度50 μmol/L+ 10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基;中浓度甘草次酸组为含浓度100 μmol/L+ 10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基;高浓度甘草次酸组为含浓度200 μmol/L+ 10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基;各组在5%的二氧化碳培养箱中孵育24 h和48 h后,通过Annexin V / PI双标记流式细胞术检测甲状腺癌细胞SW579的凋亡比例,蛋白质印迹法检测检PI3K、AKT1、p-AKT蛋白的表达。结果:与对照组比较,孵育24 h及48 h后,50 μmol/L甘草次酸组凋亡细胞比例有所升高,AKT1、p-AKT、PI3K蛋白的相对表达量变化不明显,均无显著性差异(P＞0.05);100 μmol/L和200 μmol/L甘草次酸组的凋亡细胞比例均显著升高,AKT1、p-AKT蛋白的相对表达量均明显降低 (P＜0.05)。结论:100 μmol/L和200 μmol/L的甘草次酸可通过抑制AKT蛋白的表达促进甲状腺癌细胞SW579 凋亡。     

羧甲司坦通过巯基上调HDAC2 抑制气道炎症

目的:探究羧甲司坦(carbocysteine,S-CMC)在气道炎症中对组蛋白去乙酰化酶2(histone deacetylase2,HDAC2)表达的调控作用和机制。方法:建立脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞(NR8383)炎症模型、短期烟熏Sprague Dawely(SD)大鼠气道炎症模型,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测炎症因子白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和白细胞介素8(interleukin-8,IL-8)的水平,蛋白免疫印迹(Western blotting)及免疫组化染色检测HDAC2的表达。结果:与对照组相比,模型组NR8383细胞中HDAC2的表达明显降低至对照组的0.47±0.11倍,细胞上清IL-6、IL-8水平明显升高,分别为157.6±15.0 pg/m L、378.0±17.9 pg/m L;模型组SD大鼠肺组织中HDAC2的表达明显降低到对照组的0.42±0.12倍,气道灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)中IL-6、IL-8分别为162.2±51.4 pg/m L、331.4±62.7 pg/m L,炎症因子水平明显升高。而与模型组比较,经S-CMC处理后细胞中HDAC2表达明显上调至对照组的1.23±0.05倍,细胞上清中IL-6为92.3±4.3 pg/m L,IL-8为300.7±17.7 pg/m L,炎症因子水平降低;肺组织中HDAC2为对照组的0.78±0.10倍,表达水平明显升高,BALF中IL-6、IL-8水平分别为100.6±32.7 pg/m L,185.0±50.4 pg/m L(P0.05)炎症因子明显降低。组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古抑霉素A(trichostatin,TSA)能够抑制NR8383细胞中HDAC2的表达至对照组的0.19±0.06倍,增加IL-6(197.0±42.6 pg/m L)、IL-8(567.0±97.4 pg/m L)水平,该作用可以被S-CMC所逆转(P0.05)。另外,加入巯基供体二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol,DTT)可增强S-CMC上调HDAC2表达,降低IL-6、IL-8的作用,而巯基耗竭剂丁硫氨酸亚砜亚胺(buthionine-sulfoximine,BSO)可减弱S-CMC的作用(P0.05)。进一步表明S-CMC调控HDAC2的过程与巯基相关。结论:S-CMC可通过巯基上调HDAC2的表达抑制气道炎症。     

阿托伐他汀抑制PI3K/AKT/FoxO1通路及高糖诱导的足细胞增殖、凋亡及氧化应激损伤

目的 基于磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B/转录因子叉头框转录因子O亚族1(PI3K/AKT/FoxO1)通路研究阿托伐他汀对高糖诱导的足细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素（IL）-6]及氧化因子超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）水平的影响。方法 体外培养人肾小球足细胞HGPC,分为对照组、高糖组、阿托伐他汀组、PI3K/AKT/FoxO1信号通路抑制剂组、阿托伐他汀+抑制剂组及阿托伐他汀+PI3K/AKT/FoxO1信号通路激活剂组。分别测定细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移能力、炎症因子（TNF-α、IL-6）水平、氧化因子（SOD、MDA）水平及PI3K/AKT/FoxO1信号通路相关蛋白表达水平。结果 10μmol/L阿托伐他汀为干预细胞活力的最佳浓度。高糖组细胞增殖率、SOD水平降低,凋亡率、迁移率、TNF-α、IL-6、MDA水平、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT和p-FoxO1/FoxO1比值升高;阿托伐他汀组和抑制剂组细胞增殖率、SOD水平升高,凋亡率、迁移率、TNF-α、IL-6、MDA水平、p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/A...     

雷帕霉素对高糖诱导的足细胞增殖、迁移及上皮–间质转化的作用机制研究

为探讨雷帕霉素对D-葡萄糖诱导的人肾小球足细胞增殖、迁移和上皮–间质转化(EMT)的影响及磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/丝氨酸–苏氨酸激酶(PI3K/AKT)信号通路的调控作用,该研究体外培养人肾小球足细胞HGPC细胞系,并将其分为对照组(5 mmol/L的D-葡萄糖)、高糖组(30 mmol/L的D-葡萄糖)、低/中/高浓度组(在30 mmol/L的D-葡萄糖的基础上加入2.5、5.0、10.0μmol/L雷帕霉素),用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)、细胞计数试剂盒8(CCK-8)测定炎症因子白细胞介素-8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达水平及细胞活力,筛选出最适雷帕霉素后,又将细胞分为对照组、高糖组、雷帕霉素组、LY294002组(30 mmol/L的D-葡萄糖+10μmol/L PI3K/AKT通路抑制剂LY294002)、雷帕霉素+LY294002组(30 mmol/L的D-葡萄糖+10.0μmol/L雷帕霉素+10μmol/L PI3K/AKT通路抑制剂LY294002)和雷帕霉素+SC79组(30 mmol/L的D-葡萄糖+10.0μmol/L雷帕霉素+10μmo...     

PI3K/AKT 通路参与调控乳腺癌多药耐药和侵袭转移的研究

目的:探讨磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/serine-threonine kinase,PI3K/AKT)信号通路与乳腺癌多药耐药和侵袭转移的相关性。方法:以乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7为母本,持续低浓度加药诱导建立阿霉素(Adriamycin,ADR)耐药系MCF-7/ADR’。细胞免疫荧光检测两细胞系中磷酸化AKT(phosphorylated AKT,P-AKT)、P-糖蛋白(P-Glycoprotein,P-gp)、基质金属蛋白酶2(matrix metalloproteinase-2,MMP-2)的表达。PI3K抑制剂LY294002作用两系前后,Western Blot检测P-AKT、MMP-2、P-gp的表达改变及qRT-PCR检测MMP-2、MDR1的表达改变。结果:P-AKT、P-gp(MDR1)、MMP-2在MCF-7中为低表达或不表达,MCF-7/ADR’中为高表达。LY294002作用两系后,P-AKT、P-gp(MDR1)、MMP-2在MCF-7/ADR’中的表达明显减低(P<0.05),MCF-7无明显改变。结论:抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路可有效降低MCF-7/ADR’耐药和侵袭转移能力,PI3K/AKT通路是调控乳腺癌多药耐药和侵袭转移的重要信号通路之一。     

过表达MicroRNA-21通过PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路调控人退变髓核细胞自噬的研究

目的:探讨过表达mi R-21通过PTEN/PI3K/AKT通路对人退变髓核细胞自噬的影响。方法:构建稳定过表达mi R-21 mimic人退变髓核细胞,转染无意义序列作为mi R-21 mimic control组,采用RT-qPCR检测转染效率;利用MDC荧光染色法观察细胞自噬泡;Western-Blot检测细胞自噬相关蛋白LC3和P62的表达以及PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路中关键蛋白PTEN、PI3K及AKT的表达水平。结果:RT-qPCR结果表明mi R-21 mimic转染成功且效率较高,与mi R-21 mimic control组及空白细胞对照组相比,差异显著(P0.05)。荧光显微镜观察MDC染色情况,mi R-21 mimic组的细胞中几乎没有发现自噬体,而mi R-21 mimic control组以及空白对照组细胞中自噬体均较多,与前者相比差异均明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。mi R-21 mimic组细胞中LC3-II/LC3-I表达量的比值均显著低于mi R-21 mimic control组及空白对照组细胞(P0.05);而P62在mi R-21 mimic组细胞中表达量显著高于mi R-21 mimic control组及空白细胞对照组,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。mi R-21 mimic组中PTEN蛋白的表达水平较低,与另外两组相比具有统计学意义(P0.05);磷酸化的PI3K(p-PI3K)和AKT(p-Akt)在mi R-21 mimic组中均明显高于mi R-21 mimic control组和空白细胞对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:mi R-21可以通过靶向沉默PTEN,促进PI3K和AKT发生磷酸化,进而使PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路被激活,最终抑制人椎间盘退变髓核细胞的自噬。     

miR-21通过PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路调控胶质瘤细胞的增殖

探讨miR-21对胶质瘤细胞U87中人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源的基因/磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B(PTEN/PI3K/AKT)信号通路相关影响作用研究。脂质体Lipofectamine~(TM)2000将miR-21 inhibitor和miR-21 NC转入U87细胞中,48 h后,RT-PCR检测miR-21表达,MTT法检测细胞活力,Annexin V/PI流式双染检测细胞凋亡情况,Western blotting检测PTEN/PI3K/AKT激活情况及程序性细胞死亡因子4(PDCD4),Bax及Bcl-2的表达。与miR-21 NC组比较,miR-21 inhibitor组miR-21表达量显著降低,U87细胞活力下降,细胞凋亡率提高,PI3K、Bcl-2及p-AKT表达量下调,PTEN、PDCD4及Bax表达量上调,差异均具有统计学意义(p0.01)。miR-21inhibitor能显著的抑制U87细胞的增殖,与PTEN/PI3K/AKT信号通路有关。     

自噬在应力诱导成肌细胞凋亡中的作用初探

目的:探讨自噬在周期性张应力介导的成肌细胞凋亡中的作用,以明确应力诱导内质网应激引起自噬与凋亡之间的关系。方法:在成功构建L6大鼠体外培养--力学刺激模型的基础上,采用Western Blot法分析周期性张应力对自噬相关蛋白LC3蛋白表达的影响,并通过Annexin V-FITC/PI流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况。加力组分别给予1,6,12,24 h的力学刺激(拉伸变形率为15%,频率为10循环/min),3-MA组和Rapamycin组在加力2 h前分别加入自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤和自噬激活剂雷帕霉素并且加力24 h,0 h组与实验组在同时种板但是不给予力刺激。采用SPSS17.0统计软件对以上数据进行统计分析。结果:成肌细胞中的LC3II/LC3I值随加力时间延长呈上升趋势,24 h达最高(P0.05);抑制组的细胞凋亡率(18.75±1.06%)相对于0 h组(0.726±0.13%)和加力24 h组(14.84±1.14%)的明显升高(P0.05);Rapamycin组相对于加力24 h组的细胞凋亡率明显下降(8.88±1.08%vs 14.84±1.14%),但是细胞凋亡率仍然高于0 h组的(8.88±1.08%vs 0.726±0.13%)。结论:在一定时间范围内,周期性张应力可诱导成肌细胞发生自噬,并且自噬活性与作用时间成正比;自噬可以降低应力介导的成肌细胞凋亡的活性。     

TRPV4 plays an important role in rat prefrontal cortex changes induced by acute hypoxic exercise

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effects of TRPV4 on acute hypoxic exercise-induced central fatigue, in order to explore the mechanism in central for exercise capacity decline of athletes in the early stage of altitude training.Methods120 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 groups: 4 normoxia groups (quiet group, 5-level group, 8-level group, exhausted group), 4 groups at simulated 2500 m altitude (grouping as before), 4 groups at simulated 4500 m altitude (grouping as before), 10 in each group. With incremental load movement, materials were drawn corresponding to the load. Intracellular calcium ion concentration was measured by HE staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, Fluo-4/AM and Fura-2/AM fluorescence staining.Results(1) Hypoxic 2–5 groups showed obvious venous congestion, with symptoms similar to normoxia-8 group; Hypoxic 2–8 groups showed meningeal loosening edema, infra-meningeal venous congestion, with symptoms similar to normoxia-exhausted group and hypoxic 1-exhaused group. (2) For 5,6-EET, regardless of normoxic or hypoxic environment, significant or very significant differences existed between each exercise load group (normoxic ? 5 level 20.58 ± 0.66 pg/mL, normoxic ? 8 level 23.15 ± 0.46 pg/mL, normoxic - exhausted 26.66 ± 0.71 pg/mL; hypoxic1-5 level 21.72 ± 0.43 pg/mL, hypoxic1-8 level 24.73 ± 0.69 pg/mL, hypoxic 1-exhausted 28.68 ± 0.48 pg/mL; hypoxic2-5 level 22.75 ± 0.20 pg/mL, hypoxic2-8 level 25.62 ± 0.39 pg/mL, hypoxic 2-exhausted 31.03 ± 0.41 pg/mL) and quiet group in the same environment(normoxic-quiet 18.12 ± 0.65 pg/mL, hypoxic 1-quiet 19.94 ± 0.43 pg/mL, hypoxic 2-quiet 21.72 ± 0.50 pg/mL). The 5,6-EET level was significantly or extremely significantly increased in hypoxic 1 environment and hypoxic 2 environment compared with normoxic environment under the same load. (3) With the increase of exercise load, expression of TRPV4 in the rat prefrontal cortex was significantly increased; hypoxic exercise groups showed significantly higher TRPV4 expression than the normoxic group. (4) Calcium ion concentration results showed that in the three environments, 8 level group (normoxic-8 190.93 ± 6.11 nmol/L, hypoxic1-8 208.92 ± 6.20 nmol/L, hypoxic2-8 219.13 ± 4.57 nmol/L) showed very significant higher concentration compared to quiet state in the same environment (normoxic-quiet 107.11 ± 0.49 nmol/L, hypoxic 1-quiet 128.48 ± 1.51 nmol/L, hypoxic 2-quiet 171.71 ± 0.84 nmol/L), and the exhausted group in the same environment (normoxic-exhausted 172.51 ± 3.30 nmol/L, hypoxic 1-exhausted 164.54 ± 6.01 nmol/L, hypoxic 2-exhausted 154.52 ± 1.80 nmol/L) had significant lower concentration than 8-level group; hypoxic2-8 had significant higher concentration than normoxic-8.ConclusionAcute hypoxic exercise increases the expression of TRPV4 channel in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. For a lower ambient oxygen concentration, expression of TRPV4 channel is higher, suggesting that TRPV4 channel may be one important mechanism involved in calcium overload in acute hypoxic exercise.     

右美托咪啶对脓毒症大鼠肾脏Toll受体4 的影响

目的：观察右美托咪啶对脓毒症大鼠肾脏功能及Toll 受体4 表达的影响,探讨减轻脓毒症损害的潜在治疗方案。方法：选择 雄性SD 大鼠作为研究对象,采取盲肠结扎穿孔方法建立脓毒症模型;取模型制备成功的大鼠按照数字随机法分为3 组,A 组为 空白对照组,泵注1.0 mL/kg 生理盐水,B 组为对照组,术毕泵注1.0 mL/kg 生理盐水,维持10 min,持续泵注NS 1.0 mL/kg·h,C 组为实验组,术毕给予右美托咪定5 滋g/kg,维持10 min,持续泵注右美托咪定4.5 滋g/kg·h,3 组均持续泵注24 h,并于6 h、12 h、 24 h各组分别取8 只大鼠检测中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）表达水平进行比较,并观察比较3 组研究对象尿素 氮（BUN）、肌酐清除率（Ccr)以及肾脏组织Toll 受体4水平及TLR4 mRNA水平。结果：C 组大鼠应用右美托咪定后,BUN于6 h、 12 h、24 h分别为（13.4± 1.2）mmol/L、（12.5± 1.3）mmol/L、（11.4± 1.1）mmol/L,均低于A 组、B组,均P<0.05;Ccr 于6 h、12 h、24 h 分别为（77.4± 9.9）mL/min、（75.4± 10.2）mL/min、（78.5± 11.3）mL/min,均明显低于A 组、B 组,P<0.05;C 组6 h、12 h、24 h NGAL 表达水平分别为（39.2± 9.9）pg/mL、（41.6± 9.8）pg/mL、（38.2± 9.9）pg/mL,均明显低于A组、B组,P<0.05;C 组泵注6 h、12 h、24 h Toll受体4 水平及TLR4 mRNA 水平均低于A 组、B 组,P<0.05。结论：右美托咪啶可降低脓毒症大鼠Toll 受体4表达,有助于减 轻脓毒症炎性反应与减轻肾损害,具有重要临床价值。     

Repeated lipopolysaccharide exposure causes corticosteroid insensitive airway inflammation via activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase δ pathway

Corticosteroid resistance is one of major barriers to effective management of chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe asthma. These patients often experience exacerbations with viral and/or bacterial infection, which may cause continuous corticosteroid insensitive inflammation. In this study, we observed that repeated exposure of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intranasally attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects of the corticosteroid fluticasone propionate (FP) on neutrophils and CXCL1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in an in vivo murine model. Histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2) and NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels in lungs after LPS administration for 3 consecutive days were significantly decreased to 38.9±6.3% (mean±SEM) and 77.5±2.7% of the levels seen after only one day of LPS exposure, respectively. In addition, 3 days LPS exposure resulted in an increase of Akt phosphorylation, indicating activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway by 4-fold in lungs compared with 1 day of exposure. Furthermore, combination treatment with theophylline and FP significantly decreased the neutrophil accumulation and CXCL1 concentrations in BAL fluid from 22.5±1.8×10⁴ cells/mL and 214.6±20.6 pg/mL to 7.9±0.5×10⁴ cells/mL and 61.9±13.3 pg/mL, respectively. Combination treatment with IC87114, a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, and FP also significantly decreased neutrophils and CXCL1 levels from 16.8±0.7×10⁴ cells/mL and 182.4±4.6 pg/mL to 5.9±0.3×10⁴ cells/mL and 71.4±2.7 pg/mL, respectively. Taken together, repeated exposure of LPS causes corticosteroid-insensitive airway inflammation in vivo, and the corticosteroid-resistance induced by LPS is at least partly mediated through the activation of PI3Kδ, resulting in decreased levels of HDAC2 and Nrf2. These findings provide a potentially new therapeutic approach to COPD and severe asthma.     

The role of oxidative stress in rhinovirus induced elaboration of IL-8 by respiratory epithelial cells

A direct correlation has been reported between the severity of symptoms associated with rhinovirus infection and the concentration of interleukin-8 in nasal secretions. The purpose of these studies was to examine the mechanism of rhinovirus-induced IL-8 elaboration. Rhinovirus infection induced oxidative stress in Beas-2b cells and the concentration of H₂O₂ in supernatant media from rhinovirus challenged cells was 12.5 ± 6.1 μM 1 h after challenge compared to 0.7 ± 0.3 μM in supernatant from control cells. N-acetyl cysteine inhibited RV-induced NF-κB activation and IL-8 elaboration. IL-8 concentrations were 36 ± 2 pg/ml and 10 ± 1 pg/ml 6 h after virus challenge in untreated and NAC-treated (30 mM NAC) cells, respectively. Despite the effects of NAC on IL-8 elaboration and NF-κB activation, RV stimulated increases in supernatant H₂O₂ were not altered by NAC. These data suggest that RV stimulation of IL-8 in respiratory epithelium is mediated through production of oxidative species and the subsequent activation of NF-κB.     

Erythropoietin protects retinal pigment epithelial cells against the increase of permeability induced by diabetic conditions: essential role of JAK2/ PI3K signaling

The outer blood-retinal barrier is formed by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and its disruption significantly contributes to the development of diabetic macular edema (DME). The aim of the study was to explore whether erythropoietin (Epo) has beneficial effects on the barrier function of human RPE cells and the main downstream pathways involved. ARPE-19 cells were cultured in standard conditions and under conditions leading to the disruption of the monolayer [25 mmol/L d-glucose plus IL-1β (10 ng/mL)]. Epo (200 mU/mL/day) was added during the last 2 days of the experiment. The experiments were repeated in the presence of an Epo neutralizing antibody and specific inhibitors of JAK2 and PI3K (AG490 and LY294002, respectively). Permeability was evaluated by fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (70 kDa) movements. Distribution of tight junction proteins was examined by immunofluorescence. Changes in cytosolic Ca²⁺ induced by Epo were also measured. Epo treatment was able to prevent but not to restore the increase of permeability induced by high glucose plus IL-1β. The protective effect of Epo on RPE barrier function was completely blocked by AG490 and almost completely abolished by LY294002. In addition, Epo was able to increase cytosolic Ca²⁺ with dependence on extracellular calcium influx and this effect was blocked by either JAK2 or PI3K inhibition. We conclude that RPE disruption induced by high glucose plus IL-1β is prevented by Epo through the downstream signaling of JAK2 and PI3K/AKT pathways.     

胎膜早破与孕妇阴道微生态 及血清IL-10、IL-22、NF-κB的相关性

摘要：目的 探讨胎膜早破与孕妇阴道微生态及血清IL-10、IL-22、NF-kB的相关性。方法 选取我院妇产科收治的84例胎膜早破孕妇为胎膜早破组,100例正常孕妇为正常孕妇组及100例正常未怀孕妇女为正常妇女组。比较3组对象阴道分泌物各细菌阳性率、阴道微生态状态及各组间血清IL-10、IL-22、NF-kB水平。对胎膜早破孕妇阴道微生态失衡与血清IL-10、IL-22、NF-kB水平进行Pearson相关性分析。结果 胎膜早破组孕妇阴道乳杆菌（79.8%）、大肠埃希菌（48.8%）、溶血葡萄球菌（22.6%）检出率均显著高于正常孕妇组和正常妇女组（均P<0.05）。胎膜早破组患者阴道pH（6.87±0.75）、阴道微生态失衡率（40.5%）均显著高于正常孕妇组和正常妇女组,H2O2阳性率（11.9%）低于正常孕妇组（21.0%）和正常妇女组（23.0%）,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。胎膜早破组孕妇血清IL-10、IL-22、NF-kB水平[（51.28±6.58）pg/mL、（45.91±7.13）pg/mL、（30.47±3.27）ng/mL]均显著高于正常孕妇组和正常妇女组。经过Pearson相关性分析,IL-10、IL-22、NF-kB水平与胎膜早破孕妇阴道微生态失衡呈正相关（r=0.657、0.692、0.732,P<0.05）。结论 孕妇阴道微生态环境发生改变引起阴道菌群失调及血清免疫因子的变化,可能是引发胎膜早破的作用机制之一。     

ω-3 PUFAs对小鼠炎症性肠病调节性T细胞影响的研究

目的探究ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（ω-3PUFAs）对小鼠炎症性肠病（IBD） CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺调节性T细胞（Treg）的影响。 方法选取新疆医科大学第五附属医院实验动物中心提供健康雄性Balb/C小鼠120只,均采用三硝基苯磺酸诱导成IBD模型,根据腹腔注射药物随机分为空白对照组（生理盐水）、ω-3 PUFAs组[2.5g/（kg·d）浓度ω-3 PUFAs]、硬脂酸对照组（饱和脂肪酸硬脂酸）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）组。各组小鼠组织学评分,Treg细胞表型,胞内细胞因子mRNA表达水平,上清液中细胞因子水平比较采用单因素方差分析。 结果与空白对照组比较,硬脂酸空白对照组、DHA组与ω-3 PUFAs组小鼠组织学评分[（4.12±0.89）分比（3.82±0.51）分、（2.51±0.74）分、（1.04±0.36）分] 、干扰素（IFN）-γ水平[（203.51±10.29） pg/mL比（165.32± 11.67） pg/mL、（128.34±6.77）pg/mL、（105.29±6.81）pg/mL]均下降,CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ Treg细胞表型比例[（3.80±0.89）﹪比（7.22±1.13）﹪、（3.90±0.75）﹪、（10.10±1.29）﹪]、细胞Foxp3 mRNA表达水平[（96.74±6.65）比（107.33±6.82）、（122.67±8.53）、（165.22±10.43）]、白细胞介素10（IL-10） mRNA表达水平[（0.59±0.18）比（0.98±0.29）、（1.22±0.59）、（1.47±0.53）]、上清液中细胞因子IL-10水平[（83.51±4.67） pg/mL比（108.35±7.22）pg/mL、（122.29±15.33）pg/mL、（153.67±15.28） pg/mL]、Foxp3水平[（9.65±1.29）pg/mL比（13.73± 1.32）pg/mL、（15.67± 2.57）pg/mL、（19.53±2.18）pg/mL]均升高,差异具有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）;与硬脂酸对照组比较,ω-3 PUFAs组与DHA组细胞Foxp3、IL-10 mRNA表达水平、上清液中细胞因子IL-10、Foxp3水平均升高,IFN-γ水平降低,差异具有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。 结论ω-3 PUFAs可以有效调节IBD小鼠免疫功能紊乱,减轻机体炎症水平,为IBD治疗提供新思路。     

Changes in Interleukin 1 Levels in Human Amniotic Fluid with Gestational Ages and Delivery

In order to understand the role of interleukin 1 (IL-1) in pregnancy, the amount of IL-1 in normal human amniotic fluid (AF) from various gestational ages and delivery was measured using an ELISA. AF samples were divided into three groups of varying gestational ages. Group 1 of AF was collected by amniocentesis from gestational ages <24 weeks (n = 13). Group 2 was collected transvaginally during delivery following labor ≥36 weeks (n = 36). Group 3 was transabdominally collected from elective cesarean section without labor ≥36 weeks (n ?8). IL-1α was present in AF of early gestational age, 19.2±21.7 pg/ml, in group 1, and appeared to increase with gestational age, 63.4±50.1 pg/ml, in group 3. In contrast, IL-1β was not detectable in either group 1 or 3. However, the concentration of IL-1 in group 2 was extremely high (IL-lα, 233.1±351.9 pg/ml; IL-1β, 1,093.5±1,369.7 pg/ml) compared to the other groups. Moreover, these concentrations tended to increase with the duration of labor. IL-1α and IL-1β concentrations in AF were intimately related. These findings suggest that IL-1 has some roles during pregnancy and especially during labor.