血管microRNAs的研究进展

血管再生在血管发展和内环境的稳定中起重要作用。错乱的血管再生导致多种疾病,如肿瘤和缺血性疾病。近年来研究证实,MicroRNAs在血管再生及调控内皮细胞功能中起重要作用,如miR-126在内皮细胞中特异性表达并调控血管生成;miR-210在缺氧导致的血管生成及内皮细胞存活中发挥重要作用;miR-17-92簇在体外可以抑制内皮细胞的增殖及在基质胶中抑制血管管腔的形成;miR-378、miR-296、miR-21和miR-31可促进肿瘤血管发生等。深入研究血管microRNAs的体内功能,将为有效抑制血管再生,改变血管病理发展提供一种新的治疗策略。     

血管microRNAs 的研究进展

血管再生在血管发展和内环境的稳定中起重要作用。错乱的血管再生导致多种疾病,如肿瘤和缺血性疾病。近年来研究证实,MicroRNAs在血管再生及调控内皮细胞功能中起重要作用,如miR-126在内皮细胞中特异性表达并调控血管生成;miR-210在缺氧导致的血管生成及内皮细胞存活中发挥重要作用;miR-17~92簇在体外可以抑制内皮细胞的增殖及在基质胶中抑制血管管腔的形成;miR-378、miR-296、miR-21和miR-31可促进肿瘤血管发生等。深入研究血管microRNAs的体内功能,将为有效抑制血管再生,改变血管病理发展提供一种新的治疗策略。     

miR-20b-5p在肿瘤及其他疾病中的生物学功能

miRNAs是一类非编码的小RNA分子,在多种疾病的发病和治疗中发挥重要作用,可调控细胞增殖、细胞周期、凋亡和迁移等过程中关键基因的表达。miR-20b-5p属于miR-17家族,在多种肿瘤中和非肿瘤性疾病中存在异常表达。在肿瘤中,miR-20b-5p扮演着癌基因或抑癌基因的角色,可通过调控相应靶分子的表达影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、凋亡、侵袭与迁移等生物学行为,进而促进或抑制肿瘤的发生发展。该文对miR-20b-5p在肿瘤和非肿瘤性疾病中的生物学功能和机制进行简要综述。相信随着对miR-20b-5p的功能和机制的深入阐明,miR-20b-5p有望作为多种疾病的诊治靶点。     

Mir-378a-5p抑制鼻咽癌细胞系CNE-1 细胞增殖以及肿瘤生长的初步研究*

目的： MiR-378a-5p是一种被认为在多种肿瘤发生过程中具有抑制肿瘤生长的微小RNA。然而miR-378a-5p在鼻咽癌中的 作用尚未见报道。因此,本文旨在通过临床样本的miRNA 表达谱分析以及细胞学实验从而揭示miR-378a-5p在鼻咽癌肿瘤发生过程中的作用。方法与结果：我们通过生物信息学的方法获取了鼻咽癌临床样本中miR-378a-5p的表达信息并通过与正常组织的 对比发现miR-378a-5p在鼻咽癌肿瘤组织中表达水平显著降低（P<0.01）。其次,我们发现高表达miR-378a-5p的鼻咽癌CNE-1 细 胞增殖速度显著较对照组降低（约40%~50%）。克隆形成实验证实了瞬时转染miR-378a-5p的鼻咽癌CNE-1 细胞的克隆形成数 量显著减弱。我们通过将稳定表达miR-378a-5p的CNE-1 细胞注射到裸鼠体内形成移植瘤并记录肿瘤生长曲线,结果显示 miR-378a-5p高表达组的裸鼠移植瘤体积明显较对照组小约50%,肿瘤重量显著降低(对照组0.33 g,处理组0.15 g)。结论：本研究通过对临床样本的分析以及在细胞和动物水平的实验验证揭示了miR-378a-5p具有抑制鼻咽癌肿瘤细胞增殖和肿瘤生长的作用。     

MiR-378a-5p抑制鼻咽癌细胞系CNE-1细胞增殖以及肿瘤生长的初步研究（英文）

目的:MiR-378a-5p是一种被认为在多种肿瘤发生过程中具有抑制肿瘤生长的微小RNA。然而miR-378a-5p在鼻咽癌中的作用尚未见报道。因此,本文旨在通过临床样本的miRNA表达谱分析以及细胞学实验从而揭示miR-378a-5p在鼻咽癌肿瘤发生过程中的作用。方法与结果:我们通过生物信息学的方法获取了鼻咽癌临床样本中miR-378a-5p的表达信息并通过与正常组织的对比发现miR-378a-5p在鼻咽癌肿瘤组织中表达水平显著降低(P0.01)。其次,我们发现高表达miR-378a-5p的鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞增殖速度显著较对照组降低(约40%~50%)。克隆形成实验证实了瞬时转染miR-378a-5p的鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞的克隆形成数量显著减弱。我们通过将稳定表达miR-378a-5p的CNE-1细胞注射到裸鼠体内形成移植瘤并记录肿瘤生长曲线,结果显示miR-378a-5p高表达组的裸鼠移植瘤体积明显较对照组小约50%,肿瘤重量显著降低(对照组0.33 g,处理组0.15 g)。结论:本研究通过对临床样本的分析以及在细胞和动物水平的实验验证揭示了miR-378a-5p具有抑制鼻咽癌肿瘤细胞增殖和肿瘤生长的作用。     

miR-378转基因小鼠脂肪组织的代谢表型分析

microRNA是一类小分子非编码RNA,参与调控多种生物学过程。该研究组前期工作中揭示了microRNA-378(miR-378)在脂肪组织中通过靶向硬脂酰CoA去饱和酶1(stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, Scd1)调控脂分解。为了系统明确在脂肪组织中miR-378调控的代谢通路,该研究采用核磁共振技术分析了miR-378转基因小鼠和同窝野生型对照小鼠脂肪组织的代谢组差异。两种脂肪组织三个不同部位(棕色脂肪BAT、附睾旁白色脂肪gWAT、皮下白色脂肪iWAT)的代谢组学分析结果显示:miR-378转基因小鼠BAT中甘油磷酸胆碱、胆碱、丙二酸等代谢物含量更高;而gWAT脂肪组织中牛磺酸、丙二酸、次黄苷等代谢物含量更高; iWAT脂肪组织中牛磺酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸、丙二酸等代谢物含量较高,而脂质、腺嘌呤核苷(adenine nucleoside, AMP)、二磷酸核苷(nucleoside diphosphate, ADP)及三磷酸核苷(nucleoside triphosphate, ATP)等代谢物含量较低。总体上, miR-378转基因小鼠脂肪组织中脂质含量减少,脂质分解作用及氨基酸代谢增强,整个机体的能量代谢增强。该研究结果揭示了miR-378对脂肪组织代谢具有重要调控作用。     

MicroRNA-17-92与肿瘤

microRNA是一类在生物体中广泛表达的、非编码调节性小分子RNA(约22～24nt).它们一经问世,即被发现参与多种疾病的发生.miR-17-92及其旁系同源序列就是其中之一,它们已被证实在肺、心脏及免疫系统的正常发育及肿瘤形成中均起到重要作用.本文从miR-17-92及其旁系同源序列在不同肿瘤组织中的表达及其在肿瘤发生中的分子机制,对这一基因簇与肿瘤发生的关系进行综述.     

MiR-378a-5p直接靶向ZEB1上调鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞E-cadherin表达(英文)

目的:MiR-378a-5p是一种被发现多年的微小RNA,其在包括肺癌、结肠癌和乳腺癌等多种肿瘤中都被认为具有抑制肿瘤生长的作用。Mi R-378a-5p与细胞增殖的关系在多篇文章中已经有较为详细的阐述,然而,目前没有报道提及miR-378a-5p是否通过作用于细胞迁移和细胞粘附途径从而达到抑制肿瘤生长的作用。方法与结果:在本研究中,我们通过wound healing和trans-well的方法发现在鼻咽癌细胞CNE-1中过表达miR-378a-5p显著的抑制了细胞迁移以及细胞浸润的过程。通过免疫印迹方法,我们揭示了细胞粘附因子E-cadherin在过表达miR-378a-5p后显著上调。通过生物信息学的方法,我们预测了miR-378a-5p的可能作用靶点,并通过双荧光报告载体的方法证实了ZEB1是miR-378a-5p的直接靶点。结论:我们的研究提示了miR-378a-5p造成的E-cadherin的上调是通过直接抑制E-cadherin的负调控因子ZEB1造成的。E-cadherin的上调不但影响了细胞的迁移和粘附,而且通过间接阻断Wnt通路抑制了下游控制细胞增殖的基因表达。本研究为理解miR-378a-5p的肿瘤抑制作用提供了一个新的作用机理。     

MiR-378a-5p直接靶ZEB1向上调鼻咽癌CNE-1细胞E-cadherin表达*

目的： Mir-378a-5p是一种被发现多年的微小RNA,其在包括肺癌、结肠癌和乳腺癌等多种肿瘤中都被认为具有抑制肿瘤生 长的作用。Mir-378a-5p与细胞增殖的关系在多篇文章中已经有较为详细的阐述,然而,目前没有报道提及miR-378a-5p是否通过 作用于细胞迁移和细胞粘附途径从而达到抑制肿瘤生长的作用。方法与结果：在本研究中,我们通过wound healing 和trans-well 的方法发现在鼻咽癌细胞CNE-1 中过表达miR-378a-5p显著的抑制了细胞迁移以及细胞浸润的过程。通过免疫印迹方法,我们 揭示了细胞粘附因子E-cadherin在过表达miR-378a-5p后显著上调。通过生物信息学的方法,我们预测了miR-378a-5p的可能作 用靶点,并通过双荧光报告载体的方法证实了ZEB1是miR-378a-5p的直接靶点。结论：我们的研究提示了miR-378a-5p造成的E-cadherin 的上调是通过直接抑制E-cadherin的负调控因子ZEB1造成的。E-cadherin的上调不但影响了细胞的迁移和粘附,而且 通过间接阻断Wnt通路抑制了下游控制细胞增殖的基因表达。本研究为理解miR-378a-5p的肿瘤抑制作用提供了一个新的作用 机理。     

microRNA-378 与肿瘤血管生成的研究进展

微小RNA(MicroRNAs,mi RNAs)是真核生物中一类长度约为21到23个核苷酸的非编码小分子单链RNA。mi RNA通过与靶m RNA 3′UTR(3′-untranslated region,3′非编码区)完全或不完全结合,抑制翻译或直接诱导其降解,发挥转录后负调控作用。mi RNA参与机体多种生理和病理过程,且可通过调控其靶标基因参与各种信号通路,影响血管生成。mi R-378属于诸多mi RNAs中的一种。目前已知mi R-378的研究主要集中在肿瘤发生及血管生成、心血管疾病和脑缺血等病理过程,其中与肿瘤发生及血管生成相关研究居多。mi R-378在不同肿瘤中的发挥的作用也不一样,在脑胶质瘤,肺癌,横纹肌肉瘤等肿瘤中发挥促癌基因的作用,在卵巢癌,胃癌,大肠癌等肿瘤中发挥抑癌基因的作用。但是,mi R-378调节肿瘤血管生成的作用机制还有待于深入研究。本文主要对mi R-378在四种肿瘤(脑胶质瘤、肺腺癌、卵巢癌和横纹肌肉瘤)中调控血管生成的相关性研究进展进行综述,以期为这些疾病的治疗和预防提供一种新的思路。     

miR-155 gene: A typical multifunctional microRNA

In the last years small RNA molecules, i.e. microRNA (miRNA) encoded by miR genes, have been found to play a crucial role in regulating gene expression of a considerable part of plant's and animal's genome. Here, we report the essential information on biogenesis of miRNAs and recent evidence on their important role in human diseases. Emphasis has been given to miR-155, since this molecule represents a typical multifunctional miRNA. Recent data indicate that miR-155 has distinct expression profiles and plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes such as haematopoietic lineage differentiation, immunity, inflammation, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, miR-155 has been found to be implicated in viral infections, particularly in those caused by DNA viruses. The available experimental evidence indicating that miR-155 is over expressed in a variety of malignant tumors allows us to include this miRNA in the list of genes of paramount importance in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Exogenous molecular control in vivo of miR-155 expression could open up new ways to restrain malignant growth and viral infections, or to attenuate the progression of cardiovascular diseases.     

microRNA-181b targets MLK2 in HL-60 cells

microRNAs(miRNAs) play critical roles in many different cellular processes,including metabolism,apoptosis,differentiation and development.We showed miR-181b to be highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Furthermore,miR-181b contributed to proliferation of AML cells by targeting MLK2.Our results demonstrated that miR-181b plays an important role in the biology of AML and may be useful in developing therapies targeting miRNAs.     

胃癌相关miRNA表达的表观遗传学调控机制

胃癌是人类最常见的肿瘤之一,其发病机制尚不完全清楚.微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一组最近发现的长度为22个核苷酸左右的非编码RNA,具有负性调控基因表达的功能.本文对miRNA在胃癌发生中的作用及其表达调控机制进行综述.不断有文献显示,miRNA在多种肿瘤(包括胃癌)的发生过程中发挥着重要作用.作者和其他研究人员发现,miRNA的表达异常(如:miR-421和miR-21的上调或/和miR-31和miR-218的下调等)与胃癌的发生相关,提示miRNA是胃癌发生的重要因素.目前,miRNA表达的分子机制尚未完全明了.最近研究较清楚地显示,miRNA的表达受到DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰等机制的调控.这说明,胃癌相关miRNA的表达水平受到表观遗传机制的调控。     

microRNA-203 suppresses bladder cancer development by repressing bcl-w expression

It is increasingly clear that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in many diseases, including tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate bladder cancer development remain poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the expression of microRNA-203 (miR-203) in bladder cancer tissues using real-time PCR, and defined the target genes and biologically functional effect using luciferase reporter assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. We first verified that the expression of miR-203 was decreased in bladder cancer tissues. Moreover, ectopic expression of miR-203 promoted the apoptosis of human bladder cancer cell lines and inhibited cell proliferation, whereas its depletion increased cell growth. We further verified that miR-203 directly targeted 3'-untranslated region of the bcl-w gene, and decreased its expression in vitro and in vivo. Western blot analysis also showed that the expression level of miR-203 was negatively correlated with bcl-w level in tumor tissues. These data suggest an important role for miR-203 in the molecular etiology of bladder cancer and implicate the potential application of miR-203 in bladder cancer therapy.     

MiR-214 is an important regulator of the musculoskeletal metabolism and disease

MiR-214 belongs to a family of microRNA (small, highly conserved noncoding RNA molecules) precursors that play a pivotal role in biological functions, such as cellular function, tissue development, tissue homeostasis, and pathogenesis of diseases. Recently, miR-214 emerged as a critical regulator of musculoskeletal metabolism. Specifically, miR-214 can mediate skeletal muscle myogenesis and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. MiR-214 also modulates osteoblast function by targeting specific molecular pathways and the expression of various osteoblast-related genes; promotes osteoclast activity by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten); and mediates osteoclast-osteoblast intercellular crosstalk via an exosomal miRNA paracrine mechanism. Importantly, dysregulation in miR-214 expression is associated with pathological bone conditions such as osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, and osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer. This review discusses the cellular targets of miR-214 in bone, the molecular mechanisms governing the activities of miR-214 in the musculoskeletal system, and the putative role of miR-214 in skeletal diseases. Understanding the biology of miR-214 could potentially lead to the development of miR-214 as a possible biomarker and a therapeutic target for musculoskeletal diseases.     

MiR-210-3p inhibits osteogenic differentiation and promotes adipogenic differentiation correlated with Wnt signaling in ERα-deficient rBMSCs

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate activities in living organisms through various signaling pathways and play important roles in the development and progression of osteoporosis. The balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs is closely related to the occurrence of osteoporosis. ERα regulates bone metabolism in various tissues. However, the correlation among ERα, miRNAs, and the differentiation of rBMSCs is still unclear. In this study, we used lentivirus transfection into rBMSCs to construct an ERα-deficient model, analyzed the differences in expressed miRNAs between control and ERα-deficient rBMSCs. The results revealed that the expression of 25 miRNAs were upregulated, 164 miRNAs were downregulated, and some of the regulated miRNAs such as miR-210-3p and miR-214-3p were related to osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation, as well as to particular signaling pathways. Next, we overexpressed miR-210-3p to evaluate its effects on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs, and identified the relationship among miR-210-3p, Wnt signaling pathway, and the differentiation of rBMSCs. The results indicated that ERα-deficient inhibited osteogenic differentiation, promoted adipogenic differentiation, and regulated the expression of some miRNAs. Meanwhile, overexpression of miR-210-3p promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs, processes likely to be related to the Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, we identified a group of upregulated and downregulated miRNAs in ERα-deficient rBMSCs that might play a vital role in regulating osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation. One of these, miR-210-3p, inhibited osteogenic differentiation and promoted adipogenic differentiation correlated with the Wnt signaling pathway in ERα-deficient rBMSCs, providing new insight into the regulation of bone metabolism.     

Ayurvedic herbal medicine and lead poisoning

Background

Myelodysplastic syndrome with isolated chromosome 5q deletion (5q- syndrome) is a clonal stem cell disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of hematopoiesis and their aberrant expression was detected in some clonal hematopoietic disorders. We thus analyzed miRNA expressions in bone marrow CD34+ cells of 5q- syndrome patients. Further, we studied gene expressions of miR-143, miR-145, miR-378 and miR-146a mapped within the 5q deletion.

Results

Using microarrays we identified 21 differently expressed miRNAs in 5q- patients compared to controls. Especially, miR-34a was markedly overexpressed in 5q- patients, suggesting its role in an increased apoptosis of bone marrow progenitors. Out of four miRNAs at del(5q), only miR-378 and miR-146a showed reduced gene expression in the patients. An integrative analysis of mRNA profiles and predicted putative targets defined potential downstream targets of the deregulated miRNAs. The list of targets included several genes that play an important role in the regulation of hematopoiesis (e.g. KLF4, LEF1, SPI1).

Conclusions

The study demonstrates global overexpression of miRNAs is associated with 5q- phenotype. Identification of hematopoiesis-relevant target genes indicates that the deregulated miRNAs may be involved in the pathogenesis of 5q- syndrome by a modulation of these targets. The expression data on miRNAs at del(5q) suggest the presence of mechanisms for compensation of a gene dosage.