丹参酚酸B通过Nrf2/HO-1对脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

目的:研究丹参酚酸B对脑缺血/再灌注(Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,CI/R)损伤的保护作用及机制。方法:通过结扎颈总动脉缺血2 h再灌注48 h复制CI/R模型,将实验大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、丹参酚酸B组,每组10只,培养大脑皮层神经细胞,分别给予0,10,25,50 umol/L的丹参酚酸B。通过2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑蓝(TTC)染法测定大鼠脑梗死面积,Western Blot检测大鼠Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平以及细胞中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平。再通过细胞缺氧缺糖模型,检测不同浓度丹参酚酸B对于细胞死亡率及细胞内ROS水平以及转染Nrf2或HO-1 si RNA后细胞死亡率及细胞内ROS水平。结果:与模型组比较,丹参酚酸B组的大鼠脑梗死面积明显减小,脑组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平均明显增加(P0.05)。大脑皮层细胞中,随着丹参酚酸B浓度增加,细胞HO-1蛋白及细胞核中Nrf2蛋白表达水平逐渐提高,而细胞质中Nrf2蛋白表达水平逐渐降低(P0.05)。细胞缺糖缺氧条件下,与对照组相比,丹参酚酸B组均能够降低细胞的死亡率及细胞内ROS水平,敲除Nrf2或HO-1后,丹参酚酸B组的细胞死亡率与细胞内ROS水平均有明显减低(P0.05)。结论:丹参酚酸B对大鼠CI/R具有保护作用,其作用机制可能通过Nrf2/HO-1减轻CI/R所造成的氧化应激损伤。     

丹酚酸A对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤及抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的:探讨丹酚酸A对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注(cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,CI/R)损伤及抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法:采用大鼠脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral arteryocclusion,MCAO)2 h再灌注24 h模型。实验终末,检测脑梗死面积,脑水肿以及评价神经功能损伤,并进一步分析脑组织中三种抗氧化酶的活性水平。结果:与模型组相比,丹酚酸A组大鼠脑梗死面积显著减少(P0.05),水肿程度显著减轻(P0.05),神经功能学评分显著下降(P0.05)。模型组再灌注24 h后,SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性显著下降(P0.05);丹酚酸A组SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性则显著升高(P0.05)。结论:丹酚酸A对大鼠CI/R损伤具有保护作用,可能与CI/R损伤时的脑组织SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性显著升高相关。     

丹酚酸A对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤及抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的：探讨丹酚酸A对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注（cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,CI/R）损伤及抗氧化酶活性的影响。方法：采用大鼠脑中动脉闭塞（middle cerebral arteryocclusion,MCAO）2 h再灌注24 h模型。实验终末,检测脑梗死面积,脑水肿以及评价神经功能损伤,并进一步分析脑组织中三种抗氧化酶的活性水平。结果：与模型组相比,丹酚酸A组大鼠脑梗死面积显著减少（P〈0.05）,水肿程度显著减轻（P〈0.05）,神经功能学评分显著下降（P〈0.05）。模型组再灌注24 h后,SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性显著下降（P〈0.05）;丹酚酸A组SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性则显著升高（P〈0.05）。结论：丹酚酸A对大鼠CI/R损伤具有保护作用,可能与CI/R损伤时的脑组织SOD,GSH-PX及CAT活性显著升高相关。     

维甲酸X受体介导的氧化应激通路在大鼠肺缺血/再灌注损伤中的调控作用

本研究旨在探讨维甲酸X受体(retinoid X receptor, RXR)介导的氧化应激通路对大鼠肺缺血/再灌注损伤(pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury, PIRI)的干预作用及机制。选取雄性Sprague Dawley (SD)大鼠77只,随机分为7组(n=11):正常对照组(Control组)、假手术组(Sham组)、假手术+9-顺式维甲酸(9-cis retinoid acid,9-cRA,RXR激动剂)组(Sham+9-cRA组)、假手术+HX531 (RXR抑制剂)组(Sham+HX531组)、缺血/再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion, I/R)组、I/R+9-cRA组、I/R+HX531组。采用大鼠在体左侧肺门夹闭30 min再灌注180 min方法制备肺缺血/再灌注(I/R)模型。I/R+9-cRA组和I/R+HX531组大鼠于开胸前腹腔注射9-cRA和HX531。再灌注结束后取左肺组织,评估肺组织损伤,用试剂盒检测肺组织氧化应激等相关指标,用HE染色法和透射电镜分别观察肺组织形态和肺泡上皮细胞超微结构,用免疫荧光标记法观察肺组织RXRα的表达情况,用Western blot检测核因子E2相关因子(nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, Nrf2)蛋白表达情况。结果显示,与Sham组相比,I/R组肺组织出现明显损伤,SOD活性下降,MDA含量和MPO活性升高,Nrf2蛋白表达水平显著降低;与I/R组相比,I/R+9-cRA组肺组织损伤减轻,SOD活性升高,MDA含量和MPO活性下降,RXR和Nrf2蛋白表达水平明显上调。9-cRA的上述改善作用可被HX531逆转。上述结果提示,激动RXR可有效减轻大鼠肺I/R损伤,对肺组织有一定的保护作用,具体机制可能与其激活Nrf2信号途径,增强抗氧化水平,减轻氧化应激反应有关。     

氢饱和生理盐水治疗大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的效果研究

目的:探讨氢饱和生理盐水对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型的治疗效果及可能的作用机制。方法:SD大鼠(250-300g)随机分为3组(n=20):假手术组(Sham组),缺血再灌注损伤模型组(I/R组),氢饱和盐水治疗组(HS组)。采用大鼠线栓法右侧中动脉栓塞模型(MCAO模型),于模型90 min时拔出线栓进行再灌注,再灌注同时,I/R组腹腔给予生理盐水10 m L/kg,HS组腹腔给予氢饱和生理盐水10 m L/kg。24 h后,对各组大鼠进行神经功能缺陷评分。断头取脑后,TTC染色法检测脑组织梗死体积(n=10)。选取缺血半暗带处大脑皮层组织进行相关指标测定(n=10)。HE染色观察大鼠缺血半暗带脑组织形态结构,测定缺血半暗带区域氧化应激反应,选取指标为SOD,MDA;并观察缺血半暗带区域炎症反应,利用Elisa方法测定该处TNF-α,IL-6含量。结果:TTC染色证实,右侧MCAO明显诱导大鼠脑局灶性缺血(P0.05)。与I/R组相比,HS组明显降低脑梗死体积(P0.05),显著降低大鼠神经功能缺陷评分(P0.05)。与I/R组相比,氢饱和生理盐水治疗后,很好的保持了缺血半暗带区域细胞结构完整性,明显提高了SOD含量(P0.05),有效降低了MDA水平(P0.05),并且减轻了炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6含量(P0.05)。结论:氢饱和生理盐水可有效的治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤,其机制可能涉及氢气在缺血半暗带区域的选择性的抗氧化应激作用,以及抗炎症反应。     

参附注射液对大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨参附注射液对大鼠全脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:将SD雄性大鼠40只,随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组、模型对照组、尼莫地平组(30 mg/kg)和参附注射液组(10 mg/kg)。采用Pulsinelli’s四动脉阻断法造成全脑缺血/再灌注损伤模型(CI/R),分别于手术前1 d,术前1 h和再灌注前30 min给药,共3次。分别用高效液相色谱法测定脑组织谷氨酸(Glu)、天冬氨酸(Asp)和甘氨酸(Gly)含量,原子吸收分光光度测定Ca2+含量,干湿重法测定脑组织含水量,化学比色法测定脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:与假手术组比较,CI/R模型组大鼠脑组织Glu、Ca2+、MDA含量和含水量明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),SOD活性明显降低(P<0.05);参附注射液能显著降低脑组织Glu、Ca2+含量和含水量(P<0.05,P<0.01),显著升高SOD活性及SOD/MAD比值(P<0.05)。结论:参附注射液防治脑缺血/再灌注损伤的机制与降低兴奋性氨基酸(EAA)毒性、阻滞Ca2+超载和提高抗氧化能力有关。     

大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注后多器官水肿及丹参的预防作用

目的:探讨大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注(LI/R)导致的多器官水肿及丹参的防治作用。方法:Wistar大鼠24只随机分为3组(n=8):对照组(C组)、缺血/再灌注组(I/R组)和丹参预处理组(SM组)。以止血带法制作大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注模型,SM组在再灌注前30 min经尾静脉推注丹参注射液5 ml/kg。准确留取每只动物的心、肝、肾、肺、脑、肠及骨骼肌组织各1 g,恒温烘干后称其干重并计算各组织的湿干重比值(W/D)。采用ELISA法测定血清白细胞介素1(IL-1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα-)含量;采用生物化学方法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。光镜下观察骨骼肌组织的形态学变化。结果:LI/R后各组织W/D均增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),血浆SOD活性降低而MDA含量增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),血清IL-1、IL-6、TNFα-水平均升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),骨骼肌组织镜下可见炎细胞浸润、肌纤维间隙增宽等病理改变。而SM组与单纯再灌注组比较,血清炎症因子水平下降,氧化损伤程度减轻,镜下组织形态学变化有所改善。结论:大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注可导致多器官水肿,丹参可通过抑制炎症反应、抗氧化等途径在一定程度上预防肢体缺血/再灌注后多器官的水肿。     

依达拉奉通过Nrf2信号分子调节氧化应激减轻脑缺血再灌注诱导的神经损伤

本研究旨在探讨依达拉奉(edaravone,ED)在脑缺血再灌注损伤中发挥神经元保护作用与Nrf2信号分子间的关系。体内实验利用脑内脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion model,MCAO)建立SD大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,体外实验采用过氧化氢(H2O2)损伤PC12细胞建立氧化应激模型。通过TTC染色、HE染色、Nissl染色来检测大脑的病理状态。测定活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性,来反映氧化应激水平。此外,通过Hoechst 33342染色和线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential,MTP)测定,探究细胞水平的损伤。采用免疫组织化学和蛋白质印记测定Nrf2的表达。构建Nrf2敲除的PC12细胞系,证实Nrf2信号分子抑制氧化应激损伤的作用。结果提示,经依达拉奉给药后,在动物体内水平,TTC染色证实,脑缺血再灌注损伤(cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury,CIRI)大鼠的脑组织梗死体积减小(P<0.001),ROS和MDA水平下降(P<0.01),SOD活性上升(P<0.01);在细胞水平,凋亡细胞减少(P<0.05),MTP上升(P<0.01),ROS和MDA水平下降,SOD活性上升(P<0.01);在分子水平,免疫组化和Western印迹结果均提示,Nrf2蛋白质含量较正常组增加。H2O2诱导Nrf2基因敲除的PC12细胞损伤加重,且依达拉奉的治疗效果明显削弱。综上所述,Nrf2在依达拉奉减轻脑缺血再灌注诱导的氧化应激损伤中发挥关键作用。     

银杏叶提取物缓释剂穴位埋药线对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织损伤及Nrf2/HO-1信号通路的影响

银杏叶提取物缓释剂穴位埋药线对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑组织损伤及其对Nrf2/HO-1信号通路的影响。采用改良线栓法制备脑缺血再灌注大鼠模型,银杏叶提取物缓释剂穴位埋药线后进行神经缺失症状评分,测定神经细胞病理学,检测丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)及脑组织Nrf2和HO-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果表明银杏叶提取物缓释剂穴位埋药线可显著改善脑缺血再灌注模型动物的神经功能,提高神经细胞存活率,显著降低MDA、NO含量,升高总SOD活性和GSH含量,调节Nrf2/HO-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。银杏叶提取物缓释剂穴位埋药线具有抗脑缺血再灌注损伤作用,其机制可能与与激活Nrf2/HO-1途径,促进了Nrf2的核转位,使HO-1等抗氧化物质表达上调,提高了机体对氧化损伤的抗性有关。     

钙敏感受体在大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤时细胞凋亡中的作用

目的:评价钙敏感受体在大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤时细胞凋亡中的作用。方法:健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠60只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法分为3组(n=20):假手术组(S组)、脑缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和钙敏感受体拮抗剂组(N组)。I/R组和N组采用线栓法经左侧颈外-颈内动脉插线制备大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,于脑缺血前10 min尾静脉注射等容量二甲基亚砜和钙敏感受体拮抗剂NPS-89636 1 mg/kg。于再灌注24 h时行神经功能评分,随后处死大鼠取脑组织,测定MDA含量和SOD活性,采用TUNEL法观察神经细胞凋亡情况,计算神经细胞凋亡指数,免疫组化法检测Caspase-3阳性细胞的表达,Western blot法检测Caspase-3蛋白的表达。结果:I/R组和N组MDA含量、神经细胞凋亡指数、Caspase-3阳性细胞和Caspase-3蛋白表达水平高于S组,神经功能评分和SOD活性低于S组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);N组MDA含量、神经细胞凋亡指数、Caspase-3阳性细胞和Caspase-3蛋白表达水平低于I/R组,神经功能评分和SOD活性高于I/R组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:钙敏感受体参与大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤和细胞凋亡的发生。     

Nrf2/ARE通路介导右美托咪定减轻肢体缺血/再灌注损伤中的作用

目的：观察Nrf2/ARE通路在右美托咪定（DEX）预处理减轻大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注损伤中的作用。方法：28只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组（n=7）：假手术组（Sham组）、缺血再灌注组（I/R组）、I/R+右美托咪定预处理组（DEX组）、I/R+DEX+阿替美唑组（Atip组）。Atip组在麻醉后腹腔一次性给予Atip （250 μg/kg）和DEX （25 μg/kg）,Sham组和I/R组在麻醉后腹腔给予相应体积生理盐水,DEX组给予相应体积DEX和生理盐水,30 min后单侧股部切口,无创动脉夹夹闭股动脉,侧支循环用橡皮筋以恒定张力结扎,缺血3 h后去除动脉夹及橡皮筋,开放2 h后,取大鼠血清测乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）;取部分腓肠肌,测量丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）以及Western blot检测胞核核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）、胞浆HO-1蛋白;免疫组化检测胞核Nrf2、胞浆HO-1蛋白和光镜观察骨骼肌形态;同时切取少量腓肠肌进行湿干比检测。结果：与Sham组相比,I/R组湿干比、MDA、LDH、CK、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达明显升高（P<0.05）,SOD活性显著降低（P<0.05）;与I/R组相比,DEX组湿干比、MDA、LDH、CK明显降低（P<0.05）,SOD、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达显著增多（P<0.05）;与DEX组相比,Atip恰能扭转DEX的这种作用,Atip组各指标与DEX组有显著差异（P<0.05）。结论：Nrf2蛋白存在于大鼠的骨骼肌中并且DEX可以通过α2受体上调核内Nrf2水平,使Nrf2下游的HO-1保护蛋白增多,起到抗氧化的作用。     

Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Influences Injury Following Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats

Abnormal activation of GSK-3β is associated with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, no study has examined the effect of GSK-3β on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We used oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) as models of ischemia/reperfusion in rats in vitro and in vivo. Our study showed that knockdown of GSK-3β with a GSK-3β siRNA virus improved injury and increased viability of neurons subjected to OGD/R. Levels of total Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2, and Nrf2 downstream proteins sulfiredoxin (Srx1) and thioredoxin (Trx1) increased after transfection with the GSK-3β siRNA virus. GSK-3β siRNA increased SOD activity and decreased MDA levels. Overexpression of GSK-3β with a pcDNA-GSK-3β virus showed opposite results. We also demonstrated that intracerebroventricular injection of GSK-3β siRNA in rats ameliorated neurological deficits, reduced brain infarct volume and water content, and reduced damage to cerebral cortical neurons after MCAO. Changes in total Nrf2, nuclear Nrf2, Srx1, Trx1, SOD, and MDA were similar to those observed in vitro. Our results show for the first time that GSK-3β can influence cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The effects may be due to regulating the Nrf2/ARE pathway and decreasing oxidative stress. These results suggest a potential new drug target for clinical treatment of stroke.     

白藜芦醇对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注的治疗作用

目的:观察白藜芦醇对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的治疗作用及可能的机制。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为2组:对照组(n=16),白藜芦醇组(n=16)。对照组再灌注即刻腹腔给予0.5 ml生理盐水,白藜芦醇组再灌注即刻腹腔给予20 mg/kg白藜芦醇。再灌注22小时后,进行神经功能学评分、脑梗死容积测定,用分光光度仪测定脑组织溶浆中SOD、MDA和MPO的含量。结果:再灌注22小时后,白藜芦醇治疗组可以改善大鼠神经功能学评分和降低脑梗死面积(P<0.05),同时可以增加脑组织溶浆中SOD的活性,降低MDA和MPO的含量。结论:白藜芦醇通过减轻白细胞的浸润、提高自由基的清除率对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤发挥治疗作用。     

利格列汀对小鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤的神经保护作用*

目的: 评估二肽基肽酶4(DPP-4)抑制剂利格列汀对小鼠脑缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤的神经保护作用。方法: BALB/c小鼠随机分为Sham组、I/R组和利格列汀(2.5、5和10 mg/kg) +I/R组,每组均为8只小鼠。不同剂量利格列汀组小鼠均在I/R前3周连续灌胃给药。采用小鼠脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)1 h诱导I/R损伤模型,再灌注24 h评估神经功能缺损(n=8)和及梗死体积(n=4);再灌注48 h处死小鼠,检测脑组织中谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)、磷酸化肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、磷酸化蛋白激酶 B(p-Akt)和雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)含量(n=4)。结果: 与I/R组相比,利他列汀预处理组小鼠再灌注24 h后,神经功能缺损评分和梗死体积明显降低(P＜0.05);小鼠再灌注48 h后,脑内MDA含量明显降低(P＜0.05),而GSH、PI3K、p-Akt和mTOR水平明显升高(P＜0.05)。结论: 利格列汀对I/R小鼠具有神经保护作用,可能是通过激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路发挥的作用。     

罗布麻通过抑制氧化应激反应减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤

目的:观察罗布麻叶提取物(apocynum venetum leaf extract AVLE)预处理对心肌缺血再灌注(MI/R)损伤的影响。方法:采用SD大鼠MI/R模型,随机分为sham(假手术)组、MI/R组、AVLE预处理+MI/R组,检测血流动力学,采用氯化三苯基四氮唑和伊文思蓝双染法检测心梗面积、以血浆肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性检测心肌损伤情况、以超氧化物、丙二醛(MAD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量检测心肌氧化应激以及Western blot方法检测gp91phox的表达。结果:与MI/R组相比,AVLE预处理组左室压上升、下降最大速率(±LVdp/dtmax)升高(P0.05),心肌梗死面积减少,两组分别为41.5±4.5%和32.0±3.5%(P0.05),血浆CK和LDH活性分别降低到1653±62 U/L和2461±152 U/L(P0.05),减少了心肌组织超氧化物的含量(P0.05)。AVLE治疗显着降低gp91phox的表达(P0.05),使SOD活性增加(P0.05),MDA水平显著降低(P0.05)。结论:AVLE通过抑制I/R心肌的氧化应激发挥心脏保护作用。     

Protective effects of melatonin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion induced infarct size and oxidative changes

Free radicals, calcium overloading and loss of membrane phospholipids play an important role in the development of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Melatonin is a well-known antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Melatonin may also reduce the intracellular calcium overloading and inhibit lipid peroxidation. This study was designed to investigate the effects of melatonin on the I/R-induced cardiac infarct size in an in vivo rat model. We also investigated glutathione (GSH) levels, an antioxidant the levels of which are influenced by oxidative stress, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which is an index of lipid peroxidation. To produce cardiac damage, the left main coronary artery was occluded for 30 min, followed by 120 min reperfusion, in anesthetized rats. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle was given 10 min before ischemia via the jugular vein. Infarct size, expressed as the percentage of the risk zone, was found significantly greater in I/R group than in the melatonin-treated I/R group. MDA levels were significantly higher, but GSH levels were lower in the I/R group than in the control group. Melatonin significantly reduced the MDA values and increased the GSH levels. These results suggest that oxidative stress contributes to myocardial I/R injury and melatonin administration exerts a mitigating effect on infarct size. Furthermore, the results indicated that melatonin improves the antioxidant capacity of the heart and attenuates the degree of lipid peroxidation after I/R.     

Protective effects of salusin-α and salusin-β on renal ischemia/reperfusion damage and their levels in ischemic acute renal failure

Salusin-α and salusin-β are expressed in many tissues including the central nervous system, vessels and kidneys; they have been shown to decrease endoplasmic reticulum stress during heart ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and to decrease apoptosis. We investigated the relation of salusin-α and salusin-β levels to acute ischemic renal failure. We also investigated whether these peptides are protective against renal I/R damage. Fifty-three rats were divided into six groups: control, I/R, I/R + salusin-α1, I/R + salusin-α10, I/R + salusin-β1 and I/R + salusin-β10. After removing the right kidney, the left kidney was subjected to ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 23 h. The treatment groups were injected subcutaneously at the beginning of ischemia with 1 or 10 μg/kg salusin-α, and 1 or 10 μg/kg salusin-β. Histopathology was assessed at the end of the experiment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the kidney tissue. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) also were measured. Levels of salusin-α and salusin-β were measured in the serum and kidney tissues of the control and I/R groups. SOD, CAT and GSH-PX activities were decreased and the levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, BUN and Cre were increased in the I/R group compared to controls. Severe glomerular and tubular damage was apparent in the I/R group compared to controls. The level of salusin-β was decreased in the serum and kidney tissue of the I/R group compared to controls, whereas the level of salusin-α was decreased in the serum and increased in the kidney tissue. Salusin-α and salusin-β administration increased SOD and GSH-PX enzyme activation and decreased the levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β compared to the I/R group. BUN and Cre levels were decreased in the I/R + salusin-α1 group and the level of Cre was decreased in I/R + salusin-β10 group compared to the I/R group. We demonstrated a protective effect of salusin-α and salusin-β against renal I/R damage. Changes in the levels of salusin-α and salusin-β in the I/R group suggest that these peptides may be associated with acute renal failure.     

川芎嗪联用L-精氨酸对缺血/再灌注损伤兔心肌线粒体功能的影响

探讨川芎嗪联用L-精氨酸对心肌缺血／再灌注损伤（MI／RI）时心肌细胞线粒体功能的影响。方法：选用日本大耳白兔50只,随机分为正常对照组（A组）、心肌缺血／再灌注组（B组）、心肌缺血／再灌注＋川芎嗪治疗组（C组）、心肌缺血／再灌注＋L-精氨酸治疗组（D组）和心肌缺血／再灌注＋川芎嗪＋L-精氨酸治疗组（E组）。观察心肌线粒体呼吸功能、Ca^2＋浓度（[Ca^2＋]m）、丙二醛浓度（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶活性（SOD）和心肌组织三磷酸腺苷（ATP）、能荷（EC）的变化。结果：C、D、E组与B组比较,线粒体呼吸控制率（RCR）、Ⅲ态呼吸速率（ST3）、SOD明显升高,Ⅳ态呼吸速率（ST4）、[Ca^2＋]m、MDA显著降低,心肌组织ATP、EC均明显增高;且与A组比较,E组上述指标均无明显差异。结论：川芎嗪联用L-精氨酸可通过降低氧自由基水平和减轻钙超载,而改善缺血／再灌注损伤心肌的线粒体功能。