中年女性红细胞计数正常参考值与地理因素的相关分析

目的：为制定中国中年女性红细胞计数正常参考值的统一标准提供科学依据.方法：收集了中国331个单位用显微镜计数法测定的41003例中年女性红细胞计数正常参考值,运用相关分析和回归分析的方法,研究了其与八个地理因素的关系.结果：发现中年女性红细胞计数正常参考值与中国地理因素之间有很显著的相关关系（F=364.76,P=0.000）.用逐步回归分析的方法推导出了一个回归方程：Y^=4.184＋0.0002421X1-0.02921X4＋0.0002582X7＋0.08144X8±0.47.结论：如果知道了中国某地的地理因素,就可以用回归方程计算这个地区的红细胞计数正常参考值.依据红细胞计数正常参考值与地理因素的依赖关系,把中国分为八个区.     

中年男性红细胞压积正常参考值与地理因素的因子分析

目的:为制定中国中年男性红细胞压积正常参考值的统一标准提供科学依据．方法:收集了中国380个地区用温氏法(Wintrobe)测定的32475例健康中年男性红细胞压积正常参考值,运用偏相关分析和因子分析对其与海拔高度(x1),年日照时数(x2),年平均相对湿度(x3),年平均气温(x4),年降水量(x5)的关系进行了研究．结果: 5个地理影响因素值与中年男性红细胞压积正常参考值的偏相关系数分别为: r1,2345=0.651,r2,1345= -0．039,r3,1245=-0．040,r4,1235=-0．281,r5,1234=0．125．运用因子分析将5个地理影响因素综合成两个公共因子F1,F2,并用其得分值代替原始数据推导出一个回归方程: y=48 464 0．1738F1-0.4125F2±4 5％结论:海拔高度是影响中年男性红细胞压积正常参考值的最主要因素．随着海拔高度逐渐增大,中年男性红细胞压积正常参考值也逐渐增大,相关性很显著．如果知道中国某地的地理因素值,可以用公因子的回归方程来估算中国某地的中年男性红细胞压积正常参考值．依据中年男性红细胞压积正常参考值与地理因素的依赖关系把中国分为青藏区,西南区,西北区,东南区,华北区,东北区六个区．     

男性新生儿血红蛋白正常参考值与中国地理因素

目的:为制定中国男性新生儿血红蛋白正常参考值的统一标准提供科学依据。方法:收集了中国78个单位用氰化高铁血红蛋白(HiCN)法测定的5169例男性新生儿血红蛋白正常参考值,运用相关分析和回归分析的方法,研究了其与地理因素的关系。结果:发现男性新生儿血红蛋白正常参考值与中国地理因素之间有很显著的相关关系(F=17.93)。用逐步回归分析的方法推导出了一个回归方程:Y=156.8+0.01670X1+0.4140X3-0.008596X5±25.1。结论:如果知道了中国某地的地理因素,就可以用回归方程估算这个地区的血红蛋白正常参考值。依据血红蛋白正常参考值与地理因素的依赖关系把中国分为青藏区、西南区、西北区、东南区、华北区、东北区等六个区。     

中国健康中老年女性红细胞压积参考值（温氏法）与地理因素的关系

为制定中国健康中老年女性红细胞压积参考值（温氏法）的统一标准提供科学依据。方法分析了３１２个单位１５６０８例健康中老年女性的红细胞压积参考值（温氏法）与５项地理因素的关系。结果发现随着海拔高度的逐渐增大,红细胞压积参考值也逐渐的增大;用数学回归的方法推导出了一个多元回归方程。结论可以依据红细胞压积参考值（温氏法）与地理因素的依赖关系把中国分为青藏区、西南区、西北区、东南区、华北区、东北区等６个区。     

影响农抗R──4产生菌效价营养成分的多元线性回归分析

应用多元线性回归方法分析了农抗R—4产生菌的发酵培养基成分;黄豆饼粉X_1,葡萄糖X_2,淀粉X_3,蛋白胨X_4,硫酸铵X5,CaCO_3,X_6,K_2PO_4X_7.得到了代表产素能力强弱的抑菌圈直径Y（mm）与营养成分X（g）的线性回归方程y=11．062＋0.969X_1,且此方程达到极显著水平．影响其产素能力的主要元素是黄豆饼粉.     

七个气象因子对海南山蛭种群数量动态影响八年观测研究

在海南岛五指山腹地橡胶林中系统观测海南山蛭种群数量变动8年．对海南山蛭种群数量Y与气候因素X_(1-n)的关系建立逐步最优回归方程Y=b_0 b_1X_1 b_2X_2 …… b_nX_n计算分析采用国际标准化最新版本SAS(6.11)软件进行分析．逐步回归分析表明：1）每年海南山蛭种群数量变动不同,影响其数量变动主要因素是X_1,X_2和X_3.2）雨季（5～10月）种群数量明显大,其主要影响因素是X_1,X_2和X_5,旱季（11月～次年4月）种群数量小,其主要影响因素是X_1.3）8年19条回归方程,7个气象因素中影响种群数量变动的主要气象因素是X_1,X_2和X_5,X_7,与山蛭生物学特性一致,本研究结果为山蛭防治提供科依据．     

气候变化对6种荒漠植物分布的潜在影响

分析气候变化对植物分布的影响,对保护生物多样性具有重要意义。利用CART（分类和回归树）模型及A2和B2情景,分析了气候变化对短叶假木贼（Anabasis brevifolia）、裸果木（Gymnocarpos przewalskii）、梭梭（Haloxylon ammoden-dron）、膜果麻黄（Ephedra przewalskii）、驼绒藜（Ceratoides latens）和喀什膜果麻黄（Ephedra przewalskii var.kaschgarica）分布范围及空间格局的影响。结果表明：气候变化下,这些植物目前适宜分布范围减小;从新适宜及总适宜分布范围而言,短叶假木贼和梭梭从1991-2020年到2051-2080年时段增加,之后减小,其它植物从1991-2020年到2081-2100年时段减小;喀什膜果麻黄和驼绒藜适宜分布范围减小并破碎化,其它植物向目前适宜分布的西部、西北部（或青海西南部）、昆仑山、阿尔金山和祁连山区扩展;除驼绒藜和喀什膜果麻黄与年均气温变化具显著相关性外,其它植物分布范围与年均气温和降水量变化的相关性较弱（P〉0.05）,除驼绒藜、喀什膜果麻黄和裸果木目前分布范围与年均气温和降水量变化的回归关系较强外,其它植物分布范围与年均气温和年降水量变化多元线性回归关系较弱。上述研究结果表明,气候变化下,这些植物空间分布格局改变,目前分布范围减少,新适宜及总适宜分布范围近期增加,随着气候变化程度的增强,又逐渐减小。     

中国健康中年男性全血比粘度参考值与海拔高度的关系

为制定中国健康中年男性全血比粘度参考值的统一标准提供科学依据,本文收集了中国各地用毛细管法测定的健康中年男性全血比粘度参考值,并对其与海拔高度的关系进行了研究,发现随着海拔高度的逐渐增高,健康中年男性全血比粘度参考值也在逐渐的增大,相关性很显著,用一元回归分析的方法推导出了一个回归方程,如果知道了中国某地的海拔高度,就可以用回归方程估算这个地区的健康中年男性全血比粘度参考值。     

中国健康老年前期人全血比粘度参考值与地理因素的关系

目的为制定中国健康老年前期人全血比粘度参考值的统一标准提供科学依据。方法收集了全国各地用毛细管法测定的健康老年前期人全血比粘度参考值,并对其与地理因素的关系进行了研究。结果发现海拔高度是影响健康老年前期人全血比粘度参考值最主要的因素,随着海拔高度的逐渐增大,健康老年前期人全血比粘度参考值也在逐渐的增大,相关性很显著。用逐步回归分析的方法推导出了二个回归方程。结论如果知道了中国某地的地理因素,就可以用这二个回归方程估算这个地区的健康老年前期人全血比粘度参考值。依据健康老年前期人全血比粘度参考值与地理因素的依赖关系把中国分为青藏区,西南区,西北区,东南区,华北区,东北区等六个区。     

福建省生态环境与高质量发展耦合关系及驱动机制

研究生态环境与高质量发展耦合关系时空演变及驱动机制，对实现可持续发展、构建生态文明体系和建设美丽中国具有重要意义。综合构建了生态环境-高质量发展指标体系，运用耦合协调度模型、空间马尔科夫链和BP神经网络-地理加权回归组合模型，系统探讨2005-2020年福建省生态环境与高质量发展耦合关系的时空演变及驱动机制。结果表明：（1）研究期间，福建省生态环境指数整体稳定，而高质量发展指数呈现先降低后上升的变化趋势，二者在空间上的组合关系整体呈现错位特征。（2）福建省县域生态环境与高质量发展指标之间的耦合关系呈先降低后上升的趋势，且呈现明显的空间异质性。（3）协调发展和绿色发展是驱动生态环境质量提高的关键因素，其影响程度呈"圈层式"空间分布特征。     

Trachea and lung dimensions in nonsmoking twins: morphological and functional studies

To compare genetic and environmental factors that determine lung function and dimensions, chest radiographs and pulmonary function were measured in 17 pairs of nonsmoking twin adolescent boys (12 monozygotic pairs and 5 dizygotic pairs). Genetic factors dominated in tracheal width and lung dimensions (height, width, and apicofissural and fissurodiaphragmatic distances) at residual volume. Genetic factors also affected forced vital capacity, functional residual capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, maximum expiratory flow at 25% vital capacity, and maximum flow at 50% vital capacity-to-forced vital capacity ratio. Peak expiratory flow correlated with tracheal width at residual volume. Age correlated with lung dimensions (width and depth) but not with tracheal width. These results indicate that genetic factors determine the dimensions and function of central airways, peripheral airways, and lung parenchyma in adolescent males. The effects of genetic factors on some functional measurements (airway resistance, closing volume-to-vital capacity ratio, and phase III in single-breath N2 washout) may be masked because of poor reproducibility of the tests.     

Normal Reference Value of Hemoglobin of Older Boys and Geographical Factors

In order to supply a scientific basis for uniting the normal reference value standard of hemoglobin of Chinese older boys. METHODS: A research is made about the relationship between the normal reference value of 14751 examples of hemoglobin of older boys and five geographical factors in 92 areas in China, which are determined by the hemoglobincyanide method. RESULTS: It is found that the correlation of geographical factors and the normal reference value of hemoglobin of older boys are quite significant (F = 9.68). By using the method of multiple linear regression analysis, one regression equation is inferred: Y = 108.0 + 0.003633X1 + 0.003945X2 + 0.1680X3 - 0.6310X4 + 0.005518X5 +/- 8.3. CONCLUSION: If geographical values are obtained in some areas, the normal reference value of hemoglobin of older boys of this area can be reckoned by using the regression equation. Furthermore, the depending on the geographical factors, China can be divided into six districts: Qingzang, Southwest. Northwest, Southeast, North and Northeast district.     

The Value of Pulmonary Function Studies in the Assessment of Patients for Cardiac Surgery

Preoperative pulmonary function, intracardiac pressures and degree of dyspnea were related to the incidence of postoperative respiratory insufficiency in 102 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery. The purpose was to seek a reliable method of prognosticating the risk of postoperative respiratory insufficiency, especially after the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. When the heart-lung pump was used, 24 of 30 patients with a vital capacity less than 80% of the predicted normal developed respiratory insufficiency, whereas only eight of 41 patients with a normal vital capacity had this complication. In 26 patients where the vital capacity and gas diffusion were both normal, only three developed postoperative respiratory insufficiency. Other single or combined pulmonary function abnormalities, including tests of the mechanics of breathing, were of no greater value in predicting the postoperative course. The degree of dyspnea and the level of intracardiac pressures, although sometimes helpful, were often misleading.     

Wistar大鼠肺功能参考值范围测定

目的建立Wistar大鼠肺功能各项指标的参考值。方法用创体描法小动物肺功能检测仪检测大鼠肺功能各项指标,根据肺功能指标检测结果,通过统计分析,确定其参考值范围。结果 Ri（吸气阻力）为1.81（0.94~4.10）cm H2O/（mL·s）,Re（呼气阻力）为1.83（0.71~3.57）cm H2O/（mL·s）,Cl（肺顺应性）为0.15（0.05~0.29）mL/cm H2O,MVV（最大通气量）为144.65（77.28~256.20）mL/min,FVC（用力肺活量）为8.49（5.82~12.70）mL,Fev0.2（第0.2秒用力呼气容积）为5.72（3.62~7.01）mL,Fev0.2/FVC（第0.2秒用力呼出容积占用力肺活量百分比）为8.12（39.14~85.28）%,FEF（25~75）%（用力中期呼气流速）为34.11（28.25~46.87）mL/min。PEF（用力最大呼气流速）为38.28（30.75~50.25）mL/min。结论 Wistar大鼠肺功能指标的参考值范围可为临床和科研工作以及未来制定国家标准和规范提供参考依据。     

中国青年人全血比粘度参考值与地理因素的关系

为制定中国青年人全血比粘度参考值的标准提供科学依据,收集了中国各地用毛细管法测定的健康青年人全血比粘度参考值,并对其与地理因素的关系进行了研究,发现海拔高度是影响青年人全血比粘度参考值最主要的因素,随着海拔高度的逐渐增大,青年人全血比粘度参考值也在逐渐的增大,相关性很显著。用逐步回归分析的方法推导出了２个回归方程。如果知道了中国某地的地理因素,就可以用这２回归方程估算这个地区的青年人全血比粘度参考     

不同步数的健步走对男性中老年人健身的效果

目的：基于运动生理生化技术手段,对不同步数的健步走在男性中老年人健身中的干预效果进行科学分析,以期为全民健身的开展提供更多理论依据。方法：募集的80名中老年受试者分成3组：健步走运动A组（30名、平均年龄56.26 ±3.68岁）、健步走运动B组（30名、平均年龄57.65 ±4.78岁）、对照组C组（20名、平均年龄55.73 ±4.18岁）;健步走运动A组在整个实验过程中每天运动步数控制在10 000~12 000步,共计16周;健步走运动B组在前10周内每天运动步数控制在10 000~12 000步,后6周控制在14 000~15 000步/天;对照组保持原先正常的生活状态和运动习惯。分别在试验开始前、第10周、第16周结束后对研究对象进行各个指标的测试。测试指标主要包括收缩压、舒张压、心率、肺活量、时间肺活量、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇等。结果：两个运动组在10周、16周后收缩压、舒张压、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯较试验前明显下降（P<0.05,P<0.01）,肺活量、血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较试验前明显升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）,且运动B组在16周后舒张压（P<0.05）、时间肺活量（P<0.05）、血清甘油三酯（P<0.05）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（P<0.05）改变幅度明显大于运动A组16周后值。结论：每天万步走运动可有效地改善男性中老年血压、肺活量、血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇等指标,且运动10周以后适当增加步数可进一步提高改善幅度。     

Hyaluronate in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a new marker in sarcoidosis reflecting pulmonary disease.

Hyaluronate (hyaluronic acid) was not detectable in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from smoking or nonsmoking healthy volunteers but was present in fluid from 23 patients with sarcoidosis; the mean concentration was 16 micrograms/1 returned fluid (range less than or equal to 5-430) or, expressed in relation to the amount of albumin recovered, 0.22 micrograms/mg albumin (range less than or equal to 0.05-3.6). The serum hyaluronate concentrations in the patients with sarcoidosis were normal. There was a significant inverse correlation between vital lung capacity and hyaluronate concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (p less than 0.001), and patients with abnormal lung volumes had hyaluronate concentrations that were on average six times higher than those in patients with normal vital capacity. Duration of disease, pulmonary radiological findings, and markers for macrophage activation (angiotensin converting enzyme) and lymphocyte activation (beta 2 microglobulin) were not correlated with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid hyaluronate. It was concluded that in sarcoidosis release of hyaluronate into the airways is related to lung volume and therefore to the course of the disease. Increased synthesis of hyaluronate in lung parenchyma may reflect activation of fibroblasts, and measurements of hyaluronate may have clinical value for prognosis and treatment.     

ADOLESCENT AND PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS OF MEDICAL DECISION‐MAKING IN HONG KONG

Objectives: To investigate whether Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong share similar perceptions with their Western counterparts regarding their capacity for autonomous decision‐making, and secondarily whether Chinese parents underestimate their adolescent children's desire and capacity for autonomous decision‐making. Method: ‘Healthy Adolescents’ and their parents were recruited from four local secondary schools, and ‘Sick Adolescents’ and their parents from the pediatric wards and outpatient clinics. Their perceptions of adolescents' understanding of illnesses and treatments, maturity in judgment, risk‐taking, openness to divergent opinions, pressure from parents and doctors, submission to parental authority and preference for autonomy in medical decision‐making are surveyed by a 50‐item questionnaire on a five‐point Likert scale. Results: Findings indicate that Chinese adolescents aged 14–16 perceive themselves to possess the necessary cognitive abilities and maturity in judgment to be autonomous decision‐makers like their Western counterparts. Paradoxically, although they hesitate to assert their autonomy, they are also unwilling to surrender that autonomy to their parents even under coercion or intimidation. Parents tend to underestimate their adolescents' preferences for making autonomous decisions and overestimate the importance of parental authority in decision‐making. Conclusion: ‘14‐and‐above’ Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong perceive themselves as capable of autonomous decision‐making in medically‐related matters, but hesitate to assert their autonomy, probably because of the Confucian values of parental authority and filial piety that are deeply embedded in the local culture.