恒定磁场对仔鼠遗传学指标的影响

将孕母鼠整个孕期暴露于不同强度的恒定磁场下(0.04T,0.08T,0.12T)仔鼠出生后一月,以染色体时畸变率、姐妹染色单体交换率为指标,以测定恒磁场对仔鼠体内骨髓细胞染色体的影响。结果显示,虽然染色体畸变率与对照组相比差异无显著性,但是其染色体畸变率随磁场强度增大频率有升高趋势。姐妹染色单体交换率亦随磁场强度增大频率有增高趋势,到0.12T磁场暴露下与对照组相比交换频率明显增高,差异有显著性。说明磁场出生前暴露对仔鼠遗传物质具有一定的影响。     

恒定磁场对仔鼠遗传学指标的影响

将孕母鼠整个孕期暴露于不同强度的恒定磁场下（0．04T,0．08T,0．12T）仔鼠出生后一月,以染色体时畸变率,姐妹染色单体交换率为指标,以测定恒磁场对仔鼠体内骨髓细胞染色体的影响。结果显示,虽然染色体畸变率与对照组相比差异无显性,但是其染色体畸变率随磁场强大增大频率有升高趋势,姐妹染色单体率亦随磁场强度增大频率有增高趋势,到0．12T磁场暴露下与对照组相比交换频率明显增,差异有显性,说明磁场出生前暴露对仔鼠遗传物质具有一定的影响。     

恒定磁场出生前暴露对小鼠胚胎发育的影响

目的:探讨不同强度恒定磁场对小鼠胚胎发育的影响。方法:将52只受孕母鼠分别暴露于不同强度的恒定磁场下(0.04T、0.08T、0.12T),17只怀孕雌鼠作为对照,孕18日时处死母鼠,解剖后记录仔鼠总数,活胎数、吸收胎数,并称重胎重,测量胎仔身长、尾长以及计算心脏、肝、脑、肾脏与体重的比值。结果:在0.08T及0.12T磁场暴露下,平均活胎数较对照组明显减少。平均吸收胎数明显增加,与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。胎鼠尾长、心、肝、脑、肾与体重比值各组间无显著性差异,但体重与身长在0.12T磁场环境中要较另外三组显著增加(P<0.05)。0.12T磁场暴露下畸形胎仔增加,其中外表畸形较另外三组差异有显著性。结论:磁场对小鼠胚胎发育有一定的影响,并且其影响与磁场强度相关。     

蝇蛆卵蛋白粉对昆明仔鼠生长发育的影响

目的研究含蝇蛆卵蛋白粉饲料对昆明（Kunming,KM）小鼠胎仔生长发育的影响。方法记录仔鼠各项生理变化指标,采用修订Fox方案检测各项生长发育指标。结果不同饲料组仔鼠断乳前窝重、仔鼠断乳后体重变化和食物利用率差异均无显著性;不同饲料组仔鼠躯体/生理发育指标：耳廓分离、睁眼、张耳和出毛时间差异无显著性,但雌性仔鼠阴道开口和雄性仔鼠睾丸下降较基础饲料组要早。低剂量饲料组的平面翻正所需时间、中剂量饲料组的负趋地性较基础饲料组短,而高剂量饲料组的平面翻正时间较基础饲料组长,差异均存在显著性。余各组仔鼠新生反射和感觉功能的各指标差异均无显著性。各组8周龄仔鼠部分脏器系数存在差异。但除雌性仔鼠阴道开口和雄性仔鼠睾丸下降两个指标外,上述有差异的指标数据差均在允许范围内。结论含蝇蛆卵蛋白粉饲料能够满足SPF级昆明小鼠生长发育的需要。     

恒定磁场对小鼠精子毒性作用的实验研究

观察不同强度恒定磁场对雄鼠睾丸、附睾重量、精子数量、精子活动度及精子形态的影响. 结果显示睾丸与附睾重量各组无显著差异, 精子数量在实验组与对照组中亦无明显改变. 在 0.12T磁场环境暴露下, 雄鼠精子畸形率增加及活动率下降, 与对照组相比有显著差异. (P< 0.01), 提示磁场对小鼠精子有一定毒性, 并且毒性与其强度有关.     

脉冲电磁场对C2C12 成肌细胞增殖影响的实验研究

目的:研究不同强度脉冲电磁场干预对成肌细胞增殖的影响。方法:10Hz脉冲低频电磁场刺激经复苏后培养贴壁良好的C2C12成肌细胞,根据不同磁场强度和作用时间将其分为A、B、C组,无磁场干预的为对照组。采用RT-q PCR检测不同磁场强度下成肌细胞标记基因Myf5、Myo D及Pax7的m RNA的表达。结果:经RT-q PCR检测三种基因的表达情况,Myf5 m RNA在1.5 m T磁场强度下照射第五天表达最高;0.5 m T磁场强度下Myf5 m RNA的表达与对照组相比无统计学意义(P>0.05);1.0 m T磁场强度下Myf5 m RNA表达与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);1.5 m T磁场强度下Myf5 m RNA表达与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组Myo D m RNA的表达要比磁场作用下表达要高。三个磁场强度下Myo D m RNA表达与对照组相比均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。0.5 m T、1.0 m T磁场强度下Pax7 m RNA的表达要比对照组要高,与对照组相比具有统计学意义(P<0.05);1.5 m T磁场强度下Pax7 m RNA表达与对照组相比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 :1.5 m T脉冲电磁场强度下作用5天对体外培养的成肌细胞Myf5 m RNA标记基因增殖促进作用最强。     

磁场对非特异性酯酶的影响

应用恒定磁场作用于小鼠耳廓皮肤，磁片的表面磁场强度０．３T，磁场作用时间６天，用组织化学观察方法，研究皮肤组织中的非特异性酯酶的活性，组织切片观察，阳性反应的呈黑色细小颗粒状，松散地分布于细胞中，实验组明显减弱，两组差异非常显著（P＜０．０１），提示在恒定磁场作用下，非特异性酯酶的活性明显增弱。非特异酯酶能水解脂肪族与芳香族酯类化合物，当非特异性酯酶活性下降，意味着在磁场作用下，酯类的水解不够活跃，这种作用如果从脂肪角度考虑，可以减少甘油三酯的水解，保持供能的物质，有利于物质的贮存，作者认为通过…     

邻苯二甲酸酯染毒哺乳期母鼠对雄性仔鼠睾丸Leydig细胞形态及功能的影响

目的:观察邻苯二甲酸二乙基己基酯(DEHP)对哺乳期雄性仔鼠睾丸子Leydig细胞(PLC)形态和功能的影响及作用机制。方法:SD孕鼠20只,随机均分为4组(n=5):正常对照组,低剂量组,中剂量组,高剂量组。仔鼠出生第1天起分别以0、10、100、750 mg/(kg·d)DEHP灌胃染毒母鼠,直到仔鼠出生后21 d。用化学发光法检测雄性仔鼠血清睾酮(T)水平;测量体重、睾丸重量、肛生殖器距离(AGD);光镜及电镜下观察睾丸Leydig细胞形态结构;免疫组化方法检测睾丸类固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白(St AR)表达;Real-time PCR法检测睾丸胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)mRNA的表达。结果:与正常组比较,低剂量组T无明显变化,中、高剂量组血清T水平明显降低(P0.01)。低剂量组睾丸重量增加(P0.05),高剂量组睾丸重量、仔鼠体重明显下降(P0.01);中、高剂量组AGD明显缩短(P0.01)。低剂量组睾丸Leydig细胞明显增生,呈簇状分布;中、高剂量组睾丸Leydig细胞灶区轻度增生,高剂量组部分生精小管生精细胞层次减少、生精细胞凋亡并脱落。电镜观察各给药组Leydig细胞胞浆脂质颗粒减少,线粒体、内质网减少。低剂量组IGF-ⅠmRNA表达增高(P0.05);中、高剂量组睾丸St AR蛋白表达降低(P0.05)。结论:哺乳期染毒DEHP可干扰仔鼠PLC的睾酮合成,St AR蛋白的降低和Leydig细胞的损伤可能是其机制。     

恒定磁场对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:从免疫学方面探讨不同照射时间的恒定磁场对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法:用同一强度不同照射时间的恒定磁场(2小时恒定磁场照射组、3小时恒定磁场照射组、4小时恒定磁场照射组和无磁场照射的正常对照组)对小鼠进行照射,连续20天,每天一次,末次12小时后称其体重,取出胸腺、脾脏、肝脏,称重,计算各器官指数。结果:与正常对照组比较,三组同一强度不同照射时间的恒定磁场组对小鼠的胸腺指数有显著的降低(p<0.05);2小时组与3小时组的肝脏指数也有显著的降低(p<0.05);对脾脏指数无显著影响(p>0.05)。结论:一定照射时间的恒定磁场对小鼠的免疫功能具有抑制作用。     

全身稳恒磁场暴露对糖尿病性动脉粥样硬化大鼠血脂和血液流变学的影响

目的:探索全身暴露强度为4.0 m T中强度稳恒磁场对于糖尿病性动脉粥样硬化的血脂和血液流变学影响,以明确稳恒磁场对糖尿病性动脉粥样硬化的潜在作用效果。方法:选择3月龄雄性SD大鼠30只,随机等分至空白对照组、糖尿病组及糖尿病磁场暴露组。糖尿病和糖尿病磁场暴露组的大鼠采用链脲佐菌素+维生素D3+高脂饮食组合作用法建立糖尿病性动脉粥样硬化大鼠模型,对糖尿病磁场暴露组施加2小时/天、强度为4.0 m T的全身稳恒磁场暴露,连续刺激8周后,检测空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、血脂四项(血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇)以及血液流变参数(低切全血粘度、中切全血粘度、高切全血粘度以及血浆粘度)。结果:稳恒磁场暴露显著抑制了糖尿病动脉粥样硬化大鼠血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的升高(P0.05),同时也显著降低了低切、中切和高切全血粘度以及血浆粘度(P0.05),但对血糖和血清胰岛素的影响不显著(P0.05)。结论:中强度稳恒磁场可显著降低糖尿病性动脉粥样硬化大鼠的血脂水平并改善其血液流变学。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.