用气象卫生对东亚季风区的生态过渡带的遥感监测研究

用极轨气象卫星的归一化植被指数（ＮＤＶＩ）对中国东亚季风区的生态时渡带（样带）进行遥感监测研究。研究结果表明,在过渡带内的各个生态区的ＮＤＶＩ与东亚季风进退的关系极为密切。在正常季风年ＮＤＶＩ有正常分布;在异常季风年,ＮＤＶＩ呈反常分布;把遥感过渡带内季风气候的变化简化为遥感生态区植被指数的变化。分析了在过渡带内主要生态区,即荒漠草原、干草原、草甸草原、农耕区、森林区ＮＤＶＩ的变化规律,以及旬ＮＤ     

陕西省植被覆盖时空变化及其对极端气候的响应

基于2001—2018年MODIS NDVI数据,从生态分区视角分析陕西省归一化植被指数(NDVI)的时空变化特征,并结合该地区31个气象站点日值数据,探讨NDVI对极端气温和极端降水指数的响应特征。结果表明：(1)陕西省及其各生态区的NDVI变化均显著上升,整体呈南高北低的分布特点,其中秦巴山地落叶与阔叶林生态区(IV)NDVI值最高为0.86,陕北北部典型草原生态区(I)NDVI值最低为0.38。(2)年际尺度上,陕西省NDVI与极端气温暖极值(暖夜日数)和极端降水指数总体呈显著正相关(P<0.05),在陕西省北部NDVI变化主要受极端降水的影响,南部则对极端气温的敏感度更高。(3)多年月尺度上,各生态区NDVI对极端气温冷极值(最低气温、日最低气温的极低值和日最高气温的极低值)和极端气温暖极值(最高气温、日最低气温的极高值和日最高气温的极高值)存在明显的滞后性,滞后时间多为3个月;与极端降水指数(单日最大降水量和连续5日最大降水量)的滞后时间为2个月,说明陕西省内NDVI对极端气候的响应具有显著的滞后效应。     

锡林郭勒草原1983～1999年NDVI逐旬变化量与气象因子的相关分析

 陆地生态系统对气候变化的响应关系一直是全球变化研究的热点。大量研究表明表征植被生长状况的遥感植被指数——NDVI与温度、降水的相关性非常高。但这些研究都忽略了NDVI 数据本身的累积性,而这一点对研究较短时间尺度上植被生长与气候因子间的关系尤为重要。因此,本文提出应以NDVI的变化量序列取代一般研究中使用的NDVI时间序列数据。基于该论点,该文采用1983～1999年NOAA/AVHRR的NDVI逐旬变化量数据序列对锡林郭勒盟草原的草原植被生长与气象因子的相互关系进行了研究。研究结果表明：1）NDVI变化量与气象因子之间的相关性最高的时间段为植被生长过程中NDVI增长阶段部分,这一时期草原植被的生长对气候反映最为敏感,在衰败阶段,其相关性比较弱;2）在典型草原,温度和降水与NDVI变化量的相关性随其主要植被类型的不同而不同,在以羊草（Leymus chinensis ）为主的典型草原,温度比降水的影响作用高;而在以克氏针茅（Stipa krylovii）为主的典型草原,降水的影响高于温度;在大针茅（Stipa grandis）为主的草原,两者与NDVI变化量的相关性相差不大。而在荒漠草原,降水是最主要的影响因子,同期的温度作用并不显著; 3）无论是典型草原还是荒漠草原,该地区草原植被的生长对同期的降水反应最为敏感,而非前期。而在荒漠草原以及以旱生性较强的克氏针茅为主的典型草原,温度对NDVI变化量会有较明显的时滞效应;4）在温度升高、降水基本不变的情况下,典型草原和荒漠草原 N DVI变化量对温度的响应能力都有所提高,降水的响应能力则变化不大。     

内蒙古植被枯黄期变化及其与气候和植被生产力的关系

基于2001—2018年MODIS NDVI数据,采用累计归一化植被指数(NDVI)的Logistic曲线曲率极值法,识别内蒙古植被枯黄期及其时空变化特征,并在生态区尺度上分析枯黄期对气候因子和NDVI的响应特征。结果表明: 研究期间,内蒙古植被平均枯黄期主要集中在第260～280天。森林生态区枯黄期为第270～280天,从南向北推迟;草原生态区枯黄期最早,介于第257～273天,从东北向西南逐渐推迟;荒漠生态区枯黄期为第270～283天,东北向西南呈推迟态势。2001—2018年间,3个生态区植被枯黄期均呈不显著推迟趋势。植被生产力从东北向西南逐渐降低,在时间上呈增加趋势的面积大于呈减小趋势的面积。全内蒙古和各生态区植被枯黄期受季前2～3个月降水量的正面影响较大,与季前平均温度、最高温度和最低温度均呈正相关关系。全内蒙古和各生态区,8和9月植被生产力的增加(或减少)将推迟(或提前)植被枯黄期,而6和7月植被生产力的增加(或减少)将提前(或推迟)草原和荒漠生态区植被枯黄期。     

山西典型生态区植被指数(NDVI)对气候变化的响应

利用1982—2006年8 km的NSASA/GIMMS半月合成的月植被指数（NDVI）和同期气候数据,根据山西地形地貌结合土地利用及植被调查资料,将山西划分为9个区域,分析了这9个典型生态区的NDVI年际、年代际以及月季的变化规律,同时分析了NDVI对降水、气温以及干旱指数PDSI等气候要素的响应特征。结果表明：近25年来山西植被指数呈起伏上升趋势,并存在明显的年际变化;NDVI在空间变化上表现为南部好于北部、东部好于西部,不同生态区中林区>农业区>农牧区;林区春季植被指数显著上升,除晋南农业区月变化为双峰型外,其他生态区均表现为单峰型;林区NDVI与气温存在一致相关,PDSI与NDVI的相关好于降水、气温单一因子;植被指数对气候年际变化响应有明显的滞后性,降水的年际变化对植被指数影响最大,尤其是降水的累积效应。     

青藏高原典型草地NDVI时空演变的季节差异及其气候驱动

基于全球库存建模和制图研究(GIMMS)第三代归一化植被指数(NDVI3g)产品和气象数据,利用一元线性回归模型、偏相关分析和显著性T检验,分析了1982—2015年青藏高原高寒草甸和高寒草原春、夏、秋季NDVI时空演变的差异特征及其与气候因子的关系。研究表明：(1)高寒草甸春、夏、秋季NDVI整体均无明显变化趋势,高寒草原春季和夏季NDVI均显著增加,变化速率均为0.0002/a(P<0.05),而秋季NDVI变化趋势不明显。(2)空间上,高寒草甸春季NDVI显著增加面积占比31.95%,集中分布在祁连山区和三江源区,夏季NDVI显著增加的面积占比32.12%,主要分布在祁连山区、三江源地区和一江两河流域;秋季NDVI显著增加的比例为24.59%,集中分布于祁连山区和一江两河流域。高寒草原春、夏、秋季NDVI显著增加的区域均集中分布于西藏自治区北部和柴达木盆地南缘地区,分别占比44.20%、43.09%和37.99%。(3)高寒草甸春季和秋季NDVI均与气温显著正相关,偏相关系数达0.41(P<0.05)和0.23(P<0.05),夏季NDVI与气温、降水量和太阳辐...     

气候变化与放牧对西藏典型高寒荒漠草地植被指数变化的相对影响

高寒荒漠草地是青藏高原天然牧场的重要组成部分,对气候变化的响应敏感,且受放牧活动干扰较大,然而,目前仍缺乏数据解释气候变化与放牧对高寒荒漠草地生长的相对影响。西藏阿里地区的日土县,处于季风带和西风带的过渡区,形成以高寒荒漠草原为主的植被类型。基于西藏日土县2000—2016年间的MODIS遥感植被指数(NDVI),以牲畜存栏数(LN)作为放牧的关键指标,以气温、降水和标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)数据作为气候变化的指标,分析了研究区草地NDVI的时空变化格局以及气候变化与放牧对NDVI变化的相对影响,据此评估已实施的退牧还草生态建设工程效应。主要研究结果如下:1)2000—2016年间NDVI先减后增,总体呈现增加趋势,这与温度、降水、SPEI以及LN的变化密切相关,其中,LN对NDVI变化的影响相对更大;2)偏相关分析结果表明,退牧还草工程实施前(2000—2007),LN对NDVI变化的影响更大,而工程实施后(2008—2016),表现为SPEI对NDVI变化的影响更大。研究结果表明,高寒荒漠草地生态系统十分脆弱,在不同空间以及时间尺度受到气候变化和放牧活动的影响也有所不同。退牧还草工程通过控制牲畜数量,减轻放牧压力,在很大程度上遏制了该地区植被尤其是草原和湿地NDVI的降低趋势。     

基于NDVI绿洲-荒漠过渡带宽度识别——以河西走廊中部荒漠绿洲为例

绿洲-荒漠过渡带是荒漠与绿洲之间的生态缓冲区,在维持绿洲能量流动、物质循环和景观稳定方面具有重要作用。过渡带宽度和属性直接影响到了其在整个绿洲系统中的功能发挥。以河西走廊中部张掖绿洲的Landsat(OLI)NDVI(归一化植被指数,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)数据为基础,结合野外调查将过渡带类型划分为绿洲与石质裸山、砾质荒漠、沙质荒漠和人工固沙区4类。采用缓冲分析、分段线性趋势分析和尺度分别为30 m、90 m、210 m、330 m焦点分析等方法研究了不同类型过渡带宽度和尺度依赖特征。结果表明,在不同尺度上绿洲外缘NDVI变化存在二种线性回归趋势,趋势线交点至绿洲边界距离可确定为过渡带宽度。不同尺度分析表明,绿洲-石质裸山过渡带宽度为165—220 m,在其内NDVI线性变化趋势显著(P0.05)。绿洲-砾质荒漠过渡带宽度保持在330 m,在其内NDVI变化趋势极显著(P0.001)。绿洲-沙质荒漠过渡带宽度变化在230—290 m,NDVI变化趋势也为极显著(P0.001)。绿洲-人工固沙区过渡带宽度变化在570—580 m,与其它类型不同地是在过渡带内存在二种变化趋势,在210—240 m范围内变化趋势极显著(P0.001),超出此范围线性回归趋势不显著(P0.05)。     

基于近20年遥感数据的藏北草地分类及其动态变化

利用1982—2000年NOAA/AVHRR的旬合成归一化植被指数(NDVI)资料,采用主成分分析和非监督分类方法对藏北那曲地区植被进行分类,分析不同草地类型代表像元的NDVI年内和年际变化特征;定义那曲地区牧草主要生长期平均NDVI≥0.1的地区为植被区,NDVI<0.1的地区为植被稀少区,进一步分析植被区每个像元NDVI的时空变化特征.结果表明:该地区草地类型可分为高寒草甸、高寒草甸草原、高寒草原和高寒荒漠,分类结果与实际情况相符.4种草地类型的NDVI年内变化均呈单峰型,年最大值出现在8月;近20年来那曲地区植被区7—8月平均NDVI由东南向西北逐渐减少,约在0.1~0.6之间变化,变异系数在0.05~0.40之间.NDVI高的地区,变异系数相对较小;NDVI低的地区,变异系数相对较大,年变率的范围在-0.005~0.008之间.近20年来那曲地区植被变化不明显,约20%地区(主要分布在西部的尼玛和东部的嘉黎、比如、索县和巴青等县)的植被活动在减弱.     

气候和放牧对锡林郭勒地区植被覆盖变化的影响

基于锡林郭勒盟15个气象站点1981-2007年的逐月气温、降水量数据及各旗县的牲畜头数,在ArcGIS软件的支持下,分析气候干燥度和牲畜密度的空间分布,结合1981-2007年的逐旬归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据,对研究区植被覆盖变化的驱动因素进行分析.结果表明:研究期间,锡林郭勒盟气候干燥度与植被覆盖状况之间存在良好的线性回归关系;NDVI与牲畜密度之间存在良好的二项式回归关系,随着NDVI值的升高,牲畜密度先增加后降低;植被覆盖状况与干燥度和牲畜密度呈复线性相关关系,其中,NDVI与干燥度呈正相关,与牲畜密度呈负相关,且干燥度对NDVI的影响远大于牲畜密度对NDVI的影响.     

用气象卫星遥感方法监测中国季风区气候敏感带蒸散量的年际变化

提出了一种较新的计算全年蒸散量的方法,即利用气象卫星NOAA/AVHRR的归一化植被指数来宏观监测蒸散量,并选择同时具有各类典型生态类型的敏感区进行实验。该敏感区位于中国东北地区,包括荒漠、干草原、草甸草原、森林区、农耕区等多种生态环境。实验结果证明了实际蒸散量与生态类型具有相关性;并利用1990、1991、1992三个典型年份进行了蒸散量的年际变化分析,找到对季风影响最敏感的生态区。     

Macro‐scale bird species richness patterns of the East Asian mainland and islands: energy,area and isolation

Aim To create a map of bird species richness (BSR) in East Asia and to examine the effect of area, isolation, primary productivity, topographic heterogeneity, and human population density on BSR. Location East Asia (from 70° E to 180° E longitude), including the eastern half of the Palaearctic Region, the entire Oriental Region, and the entire Wallacea Subregion. Methods The breeding ranges of 2406 terrestrial bird species were mapped and overlaid to create a species richness map. The BSR map was transformed into a 100 × 100 km quadrat system, and BSR was analysed in relation to land area, average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), elevation range, and average population density. Results In general, BSR declined from the Tropics to the Arctic. In mainland East Asia, however, BSR was highest around the Tropic of Cancer, and fluctuated between 30° and 50° N. Islands had lower BSR than adjacent mainland areas. The NDVI was strongly positively correlated with BSR in mainland areas and on islands. For mainland areas, NDVI explained 65% of the BSR variation, and topographic heterogeneity explained an additional 6% in ordinary least‐squares regression. On islands, NDVI explained 66% of BSR variation, island area explained 13%, and distance to mainland accounted for 1%. Main conclusions In East Asia, we suggest that primary productivity is the key factor underpinning patterns of BSR. Primary productivity sets the upper limits of the capacity of habitats to support bird species. In isolated areas such as islands and peninsulas, however, BSR might not reach the richness limits set by primary productivity because the degree of isolation and area size also can affect species richness. Other factors, such as spatial heterogeneity, biotic interactions, and perturbations, may also affect species richness. However, their effects are secondary and are not as strong as primary productivity, isolation, and area size.     

Monitoring Inter-annual Variation of Evapotranspiration with Meteorological Satellite Remote Sensing Method in China Monsoon Transect

The balance and exchange of water and energy in the ecosystem of China is noticeably affected by the monsoon climate especially associated with the occurrence of flood and drought in summer time. The determination of evapotranspiration (Ep), an important parameter of water balance, thus, is a linchpin for the investigation of monsoon-its mechanism and practical impacts. A new method to obtain actual Ep value has leen developed, which could monitor the actual Ep value in macro scale by using NOAA/AVHRR satallite data. The principle of the method is based on the experiment carried out by NASA in the eighth decade. In the IGBP( International Geosphere-Bio- sphere Program) studies, 13 special areas were selected for accessing their bio-diversity and the sensitiveness of climate change. NECT (Northeast China Transect) is one of the three mid-scale study areas. The location is 43.5˚ ± 1.5˚ N and 112˚ to 130.5˚ E. There are several biological systems including desert, dry grassland, steppe, forest and cultivated land. The vegetation index, as one of the significant indices of great importance in remote sensing, provides abundant and objective information for regional and global eco-environmental monitoring. NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) is the most widely used vegetation index due to its efficiency, and is defined as: NDVI = ( CH2- CH1 )/( CH2 + CH1 ), where, CHI, CH2 are the albedo of channel 1 and channel 2 respectively. Some studies showed that NDVI is closely related to water supply conditions and Ep is one of the signs of water supply conditions as known, so some of our experiments was carried out to find the relation between Ep and NDVI in NECT. The experimental model of Ep is shown as following: E = a·e b·NDVI, where, a and b are the empirical coefficients. NDVI data of NECT specified in the years of 1990, 1991 and 1992 were selected in this study. The results are highlighted as follows: 1. The climate condition was normal in 1990; precipitation was abnormally high in 1991 as floods occurred in many places of China and droughts occurred in 1992 due to poor precipitation. The climate features of those years could be seen in the Ep map. For example, the area with Ep values from 0 to 250 mm was the smallest in 1991 and biggest in 1992, indicating that Ep reflects climate changes directly. 2. The Ep of China exhibited ribbon-like distribution, with much more prominent variation from west to east than from north to south. By analyzing the Ep in three lines (42N, 44N, 45N) of the transect, it was found that there was quite a similar trend of change in the lines from 200 mm to 800 nun or more. The distribution of the biological systems from the west to the east was as in the order of desert, dry grassland, steppe, dry grassland, cultivated land and forest. The patterns of Ep distribution were in agreement with the distribution of vegetation species in this area especially in the west of the transect. 3. Analysis of the inter-annual variation of Ep among the years of 1990, 1991 and 1992 revealed that one could deduct from the maximum variation (the absolute value) that, under a specific condition of climate change, the most significant response appeared to be at the boundaries between the dry grassland and the steppe where the vegetation population was very frangible and very sensitive to the slightest climate change. The result may be helpful in selecting a target area for further research on the effect and mechanism of monsoon climate.     

Effects of monsoon on distribution patterns of tropical plants in Asia

Comparing with other regions, Asia is mostly dominated by the monsoon climate and tropical plants can be found at the furthest places away from the equator. Understanding the role of monsoon in the dispersal and evolution of tropical plants is helpful for exploring the distribution patterns of vegetation and mechanisms underlying the origin and maintenance of biodiversity in Asia. In summer, there are three types of monsoon in Asia, i.e. East Asia Monsoon, South Asia Monsoon, North-west Pacific Ocean Monsoon. The summer monsoon climate in Asia originated at about 40 Ma, when the early angiosperm evolved and started its diversification in Southeast Asia and South China. It suggested that the monsoon may facilitate the quick speciation and spread of early angiosperm. Monsoon climate facilitates the northward spread of Asia’s tropical plants and some tropical plants can be found even at Yarlung Zangbo River and the boundaries of Guizhou-Guangxi-Yunnan. Such effetcs largely change distribution patterns of zonal vegetation and even causes local vegetation types in some places with unusual topography such as tropical seasonal rainforests, monsoon rainforests, savanna and grassland along dry-hot valley in Southwest China, coastal savanna in West Hainan Island. The three summer monsoons interact at Southwest China and Indo-China Peninsula and these regions are dominated by limestone landscapes and high mountains with big rivers. Some Asia-endemic tropical taxa even formed a diversification and endemism center at this region, which may be a reason for the formation and maintenance of Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspots with global warming, the monsoon may further promote the northward spread of tropical plants and may have fundamental effects on biodiversity and flora evolution in South China.     

West–east contrast of phenology and climate in northern Asia revealed using a remotely sensed vegetation index

The phenology of the vegetation covering north Asia (mainly Siberia) and its spatial characterstics were investigated using remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. The analysis used the weekly averaged NDVI over 5 years (1987-1991) using the second-generation weekly global vegetation index dataset (0.144 degrees x 0.144 degrees spatial resolution). In the seasonal NDVI cycle, three phenological events were defined for each pixel: green-up week (NDVI exceeds 0.2), maximum week, and senescence week (NDVI drops below 0.2). Generally there was a west-early/east-late gradient in the three events in north Asia. In the zonal transect between 45 degrees and 50 degrees N, the timing of green-up, maximum, and senescence near 60 degrees E (Kazakh) was about 3.4, 8.7, and 13.4 weeks earlier than near 110 degrees E (Mongolia) respectively. It has been suggested that vegetation near Kazakh only flourishes during a short period when water from snow melt is available from late spring to early summer. In Mongolia, abundant water is available for the vegetation, even in midsummer, because of precipitation. In the 50-60 degrees N zonal transect, the green-up and maximum near 40 degrees E were about 3.8 and 3.9 weeks earlier than near 115 degrees E, respectively. As for the week of senescence, there was no clear west-east trend. This west-to-east phenological gradient was related to the weekly cumulative temperature (over 0 degrees C). Weeks in which the cumalative temperature exceeded 40 degrees C and 140 degrees C had a similar west-east distribution to green-up and maximum NDVI.     

Sensible climates in monsoon Asia

This study identifies characteristics of the geographical distribution of sensible climates and their diurnal and annual variations, and presents a classification of bioclimates in monsoon Asia by using Kawamura's discomfort index formula. During the hottest month, tropical areas and areas in central and South China are uncomfortable for humans throughout the day and night, and temperate zones in lowlands are uncomfortable during the daytime. Tropical zones are uncomfortable all year long and temperate zones in lowlands are uncomfortable during summer. Four climatic types were distinguished in monsoon Asia. Climatic type I, hyperthermal throughout the year, occurs in the tropics south of latitude 20° N. Climatic type II, hyperthermal in the hottest month and comfortable in the coldest month, extends over latitudes from 20° to 30° N except in the highlands. Climatic type III, hyperthermal in the hottest month and hypothermal in the coldest month, encompasses temperate zones of East Asia and subtropical arid areas of northwestern India. Climatic type V, comfortable in the hottest month and hypothermal in coldest month, occurs near the southeast coast of the Soviet Union and in the highlands of the Himalayas.     

Impacts of changes in climate variability on regional vegetation in China: NDVI-based analysis from 1982 to 2000

Three methods were used to distinguish the characteristics of changes in climate variability and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during the period from 1982 to 2000 in China. Great changes in climate variability and an increased trend in NDVI were observed. The changes in precipitation variability were greater than the changes in temperature variability in each month, which is attributed to changes in the monsoon system in East Asia. The abrupt changes in climate and NDVI were more significant in 1983 than in the other years due to the impacts of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Using these results, the influences of changes in climate variability on vegetation were studied in the whole nation, and eight regions were defined according to the vegetation division map of China. The results show that abrupt climate changes at a small scale cannot cause abrupt NDVI changes directly. At a nationwide level, over a longer time scale the persistence of above/below average temperature determines the changes in NDVI; at a shorter time scale, changes in the magnitude of precipitation influence NDVI significantly. Such regional climate variability affects vegetation in different ways owing to the diversity of vegetation types, climatic conditions and topography of the land.     

A Dispersal and Vicariance Analysis of the Genus Caragana Fabr.

The genus Caragana Fabr., consisting of approximately 70 species, has a temperate Asian distribution and occurs mainly in the drought and cold regions of the northwestern and southwestern Tibetan Plateau of China. The distribution pattern of the genus was investigated using dispersal-vicariance analysis （DIVA）, The results indicate that vicariance versus dispersal plays a major role in the evolution of the genus and that short-distance dispersal also exists. There is no fossil record of this genus. Therefore, Caragana is inferred as an advanced taxon in terms of its limited temperate Asian distribution. Based on the morphological variation and ecological adaptation in Caragana, the generic speciation is postulated to be related to the uplifting of the Tibetan Plateau and to the increasing arid conditions of Central Asian lands since the Neogene. The Mongolian Plateau and the Tibetan Plateau are hypothesized as the barriers of vicariance between East Asia and western Central Asia.     

Population response to environmental productivity throughout the annual cycle in a migratory songbird

Environmental factors affect migratory animal populations in every phase of their annual cycle and have significant impacts on breeding success and survival. The Breeding Bird Survey provides a long-term database for examining population trends in North American birds, allowing us to examine large-scale environmental factors that influence population abundance. We examined plant productivity as measured by normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over a 24-year period from 1983–2006 in bird conservation regions (BCRs) that overlapped Bullock's oriole (Icterus bullockii) breeding, moult, and wintering ranges to ask whether plant productivity in 1 year influences population abundance in the subsequent breeding season. Bullock's orioles have a moult-migration strategy, with a stopover moult in the Mexican monsoon region, which necessitates examining each stationary phase of the bird's annual cycle to understand the impacts of environmental factors on population abundance. Our results show increased breeding abundance in three (Great Basin, Coastal California and Shortgrass Prairies) of the six BCRs in which the species breeds following years with high NDVI values. We did not detect a response of breeding abundance to high NDVI values in the previous year in either the moulting region or in their primary over-wintering area in central Mexico. Our results demonstrate that large-scale annual variation in primary productivity on the breeding grounds can have an impact on breeding abundance in the following season, but further studies on migratory connectivity and on ecological mechanisms during the non-breeding seasons are needed to understand why we did not detect an influence of productivity during these periods.     

Impact of the Asian monsoon climate on ecosystem carbon and water exchanges: a wavelet analysis and its ecosystem modeling implications

The monsoon system is an important natural driver of ecosystem carbon and water exchanges in Asia and is being altered by anthropogenic forcings. This system is accompanied by heavy rainfall and typhoons in the main growing season, thus causing alterations of environmental conditions such as rainfall, wind, and temperature; therefore, it acts as a natural disturbance to forests in Asia. Therefore, degradation of ecosystem service by monsoon activity reinforced by anthropogenic factors in a changing climate is of great concern. In this study, we presented observational evidences for the interplay of terrestrial carbon and water dynamics with the Asian monsoon and their implication in ecosystem modeling. We analyzed 3‐year eddy‐covariance data at a temperate deciduous forest in Korea. We used wavelet power and coherence spectra to investigate the Asian monsoon system and to determine its impact on the ecosystem. During the study period, our analysis showed strong coupling between ecosystem functioning and temporal variations of monsoon climate. Further scrutiny on the model outputs showed that the model did not accurately reproduce the observed plant phenology and thus ecosystem carbon and water exchanges disturbed by monsoon activities. Our findings suggest that under projected climate scenarios, terrestrial carbon sinks in monsoon Asia will decline if the monsoon disturbance will exceed its natural range of variation and if there is no enhancement in the robustness of the ecosystem in this region.