Revision of the superfamily Rhynchoporoidae Muir-Wood, 1955

The revision of punctate rhynchonellids of the superfamily Rhynchoporoidea revealed that the superfamily is composite. Based on the detail study of shell interior, the punctate rhynchonellids of the genus Rhynchopora King, 1865, subfamily Rhynchoporinae Muir-Wood, 1955 are placed into the family Trigonirhynchiidae Schmidt, 1965, superfamily Rhynchotrematoidea Schuchert, 1913. The genera Greira Erlanger, 1993, Tchanakhtchirostrum Sartenaer et Plodowski, 2003, Sharovaella Pakhnevich, 2012, Zaigunrostrum Sartenaer et Plodowski, 2003 are also referred to this family within the subfamily Greirinae Erlanger, 1993. The only genus of the subfamily Tretorhynchinae Savage, 2002, Tretorhynchia Brunton, 1971, is moved to the family Leiorhynchidae Stainbrook, 1945, superfamily Camarotoechioidea Schuchert, 1929. Araratella Abrahamian, Plodowski, et Sartenaer, 1975 within the subfamily Araratellinae Erlanger, 1986 is referred to the family Septalariidae Havlicek, 1960 of the same superfamily. The position of Rariella Zhang, 1981, Yingtangella Bai et Ying, 1977, Momarhynchus Baranov et Sartenaer, 1996 in the order Rhynchonellida remains controversial. The punctation and exopunctation is found to arise parallel in different rhynchonellid evolutionary branches after the Frasnian-Famennian mass extinction.     

Genus Leptostichaeus and its position in the taxonomy of fishes (Perciformes: Zoarcoidei, Stichaeidae)

Up to the present, the genus Leptostichaeus has been considered as belonging to subfamily Lumpeninae. A series of characters was analyzed for family and subfamily diagnostics within the group Stichaeidae. It was found that, in combination of all examined characters, the genus Leptostichaeus is either similar to Azygopterus or occupies an intermediate position between the latter and other members of the family Stichaeidae. The genus Leptostichaeus is transferred into the group Azygopterinae, which is revalidated as a subfamily within the family Stichaeidae.     

The millipede genus Tetracentrosternus Pocock, 1895 (Polydesmida,Paradoxosomatidae, Alogolykinae,Alogolykini), with a description of the first,new species from Thailand

The millipede subfamily Alogolykinae and the tribe Alogolykini are recorded in Thailand for the first time,being represented there by Tetracentrosternus theelorsuensis sp. n. While the new species has characteristics that place it in the genus Tetracentrosternus, it also shows a number of unique features that make it necessary to rediagnose this Oriental genus, as well as to key its three currently known species and map their distributions. The tribes Alogolykini and Polydrepanini, as well as the subfamily Alogolykinae are also briefly redefined.     

Subfamily Dichomeridinae (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae): Phylogeny, classification, and position in the system of gelechiid moths

On the basis of comparative morphological analysis, taking into account the male genital musculature, a cladogram of the tribes and subfamilies of gelechiid moths is proposed. In accordance with the main branches of the cladogram the new system of the family Gelechiidae consisting of 5 subfamilies (Physoptilinae, Anomologinae, Gelechiinae, Anacampsinae, and Dichomeridinae) is developed. The subfamily Physoptilinae is considered as a sister-group to other gelechiids, the monophyly of the latter is supported by a complex of synapomorphies (female retinaculum with anteriorly directed row of scales located on the base of radial stalk; muscles m ₃ running across the longitudinal body axis, connecting the lateral arms of vinculum with margins of juxta; protractors of aedeagus m ₅ divided into two bunches m _5a and m _5b). The subfamilies Anacampsinae and Dichomeridinae are regarded as sistergroups. The monophyly of the subfamily Dichomeridinae is based on the complex of synapomorphies (presence of parategminal sclerites, which are the apodemes for muscles m ₄; presence of distinct ventral wall in tegumen; intrategminal position of the muscles m ₂). The subfamily Dichomeridinae is considered to consist of three tribes, Anarsiini, Chelariini and Dichomeridini, with 34 genera in total. The cladogram for the genera of the subfamily Dichomeridinae is proposed.     

Fossil representatives of the family Greenideidae (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea) from the Miocene of Europe

Four new aphid species (Hemiptera, Aphidoidea, Greenideidae) are described on the basis of imprints in oil-shales from the Miocene of Europe (Rubielos de Mora, Spain; Vishnevaya Balka ?Stavropol?, Russia): Eutrichosiphum europaeum nov. sp., Greenidea hispanica nov. sp., Greenideoida (Pentatrichosiphum) turolensis nov. sp. and Mollitrichosiphum rubusensis nov. sp. All the taxa are placed within recent genera of the subfamily Greenideinae. Miocene representatives of this subfamily have been found in the south of Europe. Later changes of climatic conditions limited its geographic range to south-eastern Asia, where it is now represented by over 130 species of seven genera.     

Taxonomical reappraisal of “ictitheres” (Mammalia,Carnivora) from the Late Miocene of Kenya

In 2003, Werdelin has identified three hyaenid species from the Late Miocene of Kenya (Lothagam Formation), including two “ictitheres” – a newly erected Ictitherium ebu Werdelin, 2003, and Hyaenictitherium cf. parvum. The present article discusses the published evidence on the Kenyan hyaenids and explores additional cranial and postcranial characters useful for differentiation between the true ictitheres (i.e., the genera of the subfamily Ictitheriinae Trouessart, 1897) and some small members of the subfamily Hyaeninae Gray, 1869.     

Catoptinae subfam. n., a new subfamily of carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera,Cossidae)

The new subfamily of Cossidae; Catoptinae Yakovlev, subfam. n., well distinguished from other representatives of the family, is described. The new subfamily includes two genera: Catopta Staudinger, 1899 (type genus) and Chiangmaiana Kemal et Koçak, 2006. A catalogue of the subfamily is presented. One new synonym Catopta hyrcanus (Christoph, 1888) = Catopta brandti Bryk, 1947, syn. n., is established. The new subfamily has the following distinguishing features: short valvae; reduced processes of transtilla; vesica with numerous cornuti; pearshaped bursa copulatrix; and very short ductus bursae.     

A New Genus of Aplodontid Rodent (Mammalia,Rodentia) from the Late Oligocene of Northern Junggar Basin,China

A new genus and species of aplodontid rodent, Proansomys dureensis, from the late Oligocene of the northern Junggar Basin of China is described. The new genus is referred to as Ansomyinae because the ectoloph on the upper cheek teeth, although not fully crested, has attained the same characteristic bucket-handle-shaped configuration as other members of the subfamily. It represents the earliest record of the subfamily yet discovered in Asia and is more plesiomorphic than species of the genus Ansomys in having a partly crested ectoloph, a lower degree of lophodonty, and less complex tooth basins (lacking accessory lophules). Proansomys has transitional features between Prosciurus and Ansomys, suggesting that the Ansomyinae derived from a group of aplodontids related to Prosciurus, as did other advanced aplodontid rodents. This provides new light on the paleobiogeography of the Ansomyinae.     

A taxonomic Review of the Subfamily Torodorinae (Lepidoptera,Lecithoceridae) of Vietnam,with Descriptions of Five New Species

As the first part of the taxonomic review for the Lecithoceridae in the northern part of Vietnam, 14 species belonging to the subfamily Torodorinae are recognized, including five new species. We describe three species of the genus Torodora Meyrick (T. phamae sp. nov., T. bachmaensis sp. nov., T. nabiella sp. nov.), two species of Antiochtha Meyrick and Thubana Walker (A. angustivalva sp. nov. and T. circularis sp. nov.) respectively. A taxonomic review for all known species of the subfamily in Vietnam is provided, with illustrations of the imago and genitalia for the species.     

Isolation and characterisation of smallminded,a Drosophila encoding a new member of the Cdc48p/VCP subfamily of AAA proteins

Smallminded (smid) encodes a new member of the cdc48p/VCP subfamily of AAA proteins in Drosophila. The gene was isolated by plasmid rescue from a GAL4 enhancer trap line which shows reporter gene expression in neuroblasts, imaginal disks and a subset of sensory neurons. Larvae homozygous for the insert arrest development as second instar larvae and die without pupating. The most obvious defect in these larvae is a significantly reduced CNS, hence the naming of the gene as smallminded. The deduced amino acid sequence of smid contains a tandem duplication of the AAA nucleotide binding domain characteristic of the cdc48p/VCP subfamily. Overall, smid shares 33% identical residues with its closest relative, yeast L0919-chrXII and 26–29% with other members of the cdc48p/VCP subfamily. The most highly conserved regions of the predicted protein structure are found in and around the nucleotide binding domains. The gene is expressed at all developmental stages.     

Potential effect of the global warming to the subfamily Lipotactinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in China and acoustics data of Lipotactes truncatus Shi & Li, 2009

Species in the subfamily Lipotactinae are brachypterous with a small body and have limited dispersal ability. In this study, it’s the first time to describe the male calling song of Lipotactes truncatus Shi & Li, 2009. MaxEnt was used to predict the potential geographic distribution of Lipotactinae in present-day and year 2070, in order to explore responses to global warming of this subfamily in China. As for L. truncatus, two types of calling songs are observed with the peak frequencies in the ultrasound range. With the trend of global warming, the suitable habitats of the subfamily Lipotactinae will change in three ways: i) migrate to high latitude area; ii) migrate to the coastal region of south China; iii) migrate along altitude gradients in mountains. Some species will be locked into the “sky islands”, which will accelerate speciation process, with global warming.     

Identification,Mapping, and Phylogenomic Analysis of Four New Human Members of the T-box Gene Family:EOMES,TBX6, TBX18,andTBX19

Brachyury(T) is a mouse mutation, first described over 70 years ago, that causes defects in mesoderm formation. Recently several related genes, the T-box gene family, that encode a similar N-terminal DNA binding domain, the T-box, and that play critical roles in human embryonic development have been identified. It has been shown that humanTBX5andTBX3,if mutated, cause developmental disorders, Holt–Oram syndrome (OMIM 142900) and ulnar-mammary syndrome (OMIM 181450), respectively. We have identified four new human members of the T-box gene family,EOMES, TBX6, TBX18,andTBX19,and these genes have been mapped to different chromosomal regions by radiation hybrid mapping. The four T-box genes were classified into four different subfamilies and have also been subjected to phylogenomic analysis. HumanEOMESmaps at 3p21.3–p21.2. ThisTbr1-subfamily gene is likely to play a significant role in early embryogenesis similar to that described forXenopus eomesodermin.HumanTBX6maps at 16p12–q12. ThisTbx6-subfamily gene is likely to participate in paraxial mesoderm formation and somitogenesis in human embryo.TBX18is a novel member of theTbx1subfamily that maps at 6q14–q15. Two subgroups,TBX1/10andTBX15/18subgroups, could be distinguished within theTbx1subfamily.TBX19is an orthologue of chickTbxTand maps at 1q23–q24. The genomic organization ofTBX19is highly similar to that of humanT(Brachyury), another human member of the same subfamily.     

New and little known crickets of the subfamily phalangopsinae (Orthoptera, Gryllidae): 3. Indonesia, the Philippines, and Seychelles

Two new subgenera and eight new species of the subfamily Phalangopsinae are described from Sulawesi, Supiori, Mindoro, Palawan, Sumatra, and Cousin islands. Two former subgenera, Longizacla and Brevizacla, are considered as genera. The new synonymy for a subgenus of the genus Luzonogryllus is established. Diagnostic characters and systematic position of some taxa are discussed.     

A new Lower Jurassic ammonite genusKohaticeras from the Shinawari Formation,Kohat Tribal Belt,Pakistan

From probable Lower Jurassic of Pakistan the new ammonite genusKohaticeras with two new species is described and, despite some remarkable differences, is placed to the subfamily Bouleiceratinae (Toarcian).     

Insight into the structure and chemistry of glandular trichomes of Labiatae, with emphasis on subfamily Lamioideae

Glandular trichomes of Labiatae are among the most investigated secretory structures. Most species studied belong to subfamily Nepetoidae, including plants with aromatic properties, while so far a few species of subfamily Lamioideae were examined. In this work, we studied the micromorphology, ultrastructure, type and release of secretion of the glandular trichomes present on leaves and flowers of several species belonging to subfamily Lamioideae, (Stachys alopecuros (L.) Bentham subsp. alopecuros, S. officinalis (L.) Trevisan subsp. officinalis, S. germanica L. subsp. germanica, S. germanica L. subsp. salviifolia (Ten.) Gams, S. sylvatica L., S. heraclea All., S. plumosa Griseb., S. annua L., Prasium majus L., Sideritis romana L.) and one to the sister group Scutellarioideae (Scutellaria galericulata L.). Besides the well-known peltate and small capitate trichomes, widely described in the literature, other types of glandular trichomes were encountered; stalked peltate hairs and large capitate hairs. In particular, a new type of capitate trichome, exclusive of calices and corollas, which presents a mode and release of secretion never described before, is reported.     

Description of the larva and pupa of Parnops glasunovi (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

The last instar larva and pupa of Parnops glasunovi Jcbs. are described for the first time. A key to genera of the subfamily Eumolpinae from Middle Asia is given.