慢性阻塞性肺病动物模型的研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)是一种严重的呼吸系统疾病,该病主要包括慢性肺气肿及慢性支气管炎,其发病率、死亡率高,医疗负担重。由于其发病机制、临床发展过程较为复杂,对COPD诊断、治疗的研究工作进展仍然相当缓慢。目前,国内外研究人员通过建立COPD动物模型对该病进行了大量研究工作。旨在对COPD动物模型的建立及评价方法进行总结,并对模型动物选择,评价方法的选择提出一点新的思路。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病与非慢性阻塞性肺疾病吸烟者肺组织蛋白质组学比较分析

吸烟是导致慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）发生发展的主要原因之一.但吸烟者是否发生COPD存在个体差异,其机制尚未完全阐明.蛋白质组学研究能够高效率发现疾病相关蛋白并为深入研究疾病的发病机制提供线索.本研究运用二维凝胶电泳（2-DE）和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)蛋白质组学研究方法结合生物信息学数据,对吸烟COPD患者和非COPD吸烟者肺组织表达的差异蛋白进行筛选和鉴定,共鉴定出24种差异蛋白,涉及基本代谢酶类、氧化应激相关酶类、凝血/纤溶相关蛋白、蛋白降解相关酶以及细胞生长分化相关蛋白等.本研究结果为进一步探索COPD的发病机制提供了新的线索.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病治疗药物进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一种具有气流阻塞特征的慢性支气管炎以及肺气肿,可逐渐发展为肺心病以及呼吸衰竭的慢性疾病。COPD的发病机制复杂,发病率及致死率较高,其主要临床症状表现为慢性咳嗽、咳痰、气短或呼吸困难。目前治疗COPD的药物有糖皮质激素、茶碱类药物、抗胆碱药物、β_2受体激动剂等,均能缓解COPD的临床症状,控制病情反复发作,对提高患者生活质量具有重要意义。     

肺微生物组在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的研究进展CSCD

慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）是一种以持续的呼吸道症状和气流受限为主要特征的异质性疾病。新一代基因测序技术已经证明健康肺部存在庞大的微生物群落。越来越多的研究表明,肺微生物群失调与COPD的发生、急性加重次数及病死率有关。肺微生物可能通过调控炎症或免疫过程参与COPD的发病机制。全面了解肺微生物群在COPD不同阶段的动态变化和微生物与宿主的相互作用,有助于进一步揭示其在COPD发病机制中的作用。本文综述了肺微生物组在COPD中的研究进展,探讨其与COPD进展之间的关系及潜在的机制,以期开发有针对性的治疗方法。     

miRNA在慢性阻塞性肺疾病发生发展中的作用

随着环境污染严重化以及人口老龄化问题日益突出,肺相关疾病特别是慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)已成为发达国家及发展中国家发病和死亡的主要原因。既往研究普遍认为,COPD主要出现不可逆转的气流受限和慢性炎症反应。患者表现为呼吸困难加重,痰量增多,常伴有低氧血症,高碳酸血症等症状。所以,发现新的生物标志物和早期诊断COPD的方法非常必要,这可以减少疾病的发病率和死亡率。近年来,越来越多的研究发现,miRNA通过各种机制在COPD的发生发展中发挥着重要作用。本文主要对近年来miRNA在COPD中的机制研究进展进行简单综述。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病机制的研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)是呼吸系统中的常见病和多发病,其发病率和致死率居高不下。根据WHO调查数据显示,预计到2020年, COPD将成为全球第三大致死病因。COPD的形成与发展涉及众多因素,包括遗传因素和环境因素等。COPD的发病机制至今未明,氧化应激、炎症机制、蛋白酶/抗蛋白酶失衡以及细胞凋亡与之密切相关。另外,自身免疫反应、微生物组的变化以及无效的受损修复在COPD的发病机制中同样具有关键作用。因此,深入了解并研究COPD的发病机制对预防与治疗该疾病具有重要意义。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病全基因组关联研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)是一种以不完全可逆的气流受限为主要特征的慢性气道炎症,是一种由遗传因素和环境因素共同作用的复杂疾病,也是世界主要致死疾病之一。近年来,随着全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study, GWAS)的不断深入,研究者们发现了大量与肺功能或COPD相关的遗传变异或基因位点、药物靶点等。本文综述了2007年以来世界范围内针对肺功能或COPD的GWAS方面的研究工作及其进展综述,分析了可能存在的药物靶点,并探讨了COPD在全基因组关联研究中面临的挑战和困难,为深入研究COPD发病机制提供新思路。     

基因多态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病易感性关系研究的新进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一组气流受限为特征的肺部疾病,气流受限不完全可逆,呈进行性发展。它受遗传因素,环境因素以及遗传-环境相互作用的影响。目前,虽然其确切的病因及发病机制不甚明了,但是近年来的研究表明COPD是一种多基因调控的疾病。本文综述了几个较为重要的遗传基因多态性与COPD易感性关系的近期研究进展。     

肺部菌群和肠道菌群在两种常见肺疾病中 作用的研究进展

哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是常见高发的肺部疾病,相关发病机制尚待阐明。近年来,菌群对哮喘、COPD的发生发展的作用越来越引起重视。本文梳理了近期肺部菌群和肠道菌群在哮喘、COPD中的作用及机制相关文献,分别从肺部菌群和肠道菌群的角度,分析它们对哮喘、COPD的作用机制以及肺部菌群和肠道菌群之间相互调控的联系,以期进一步深入了解菌群在常见肺部疾病中的意义,为寻找更有效的防治哮喘、COPD的作用靶点或者分子提供相关可借鉴的思路。     

同型半胱氨酸相关性慢性阻塞性肺疾病临床研究进展

在世界慢性疾病中,慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)发病率和死亡率均较高,鉴于对患者生活造成严重伤害,越来越受到人们关注。同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteinemia,Hcy)对全身器官损害多有报道,随着研究的深入,Hcy目前对于肺部疾病的影响也受到重视。部分学者提出同型半胱氨酸可能是COPD发病机制中又一重要因素。Hcy在体内可以刺激产生大量的ROS和自由离子,并引起内皮细胞应激,还可降低肺脏内还原型谷胱甘肽含量。研究表明同型半胱氨酸水平在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中处于高表达状态,且其高表达水平与患者疾病的程度成相关性。本文将通过总结Hcy在肺脏及体内的代谢、各种应激反应等方面阑述同型半胱氨酸水平与COPD的相关性,并总结高水平的同型半胱氨酸相关的COPD治疗方法。     

The Role of Serum Amyloid A1, Adhesion Molecules,Chemokines, and Chemokine Receptors Genes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Russian Journal of Genetics - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory system. A key phenomenon of COPD pathogenesis is...     

Persistent activation of an innate immune response translates respiratory viral infection into chronic lung disease

To understand the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disease, we analyzed an experimental mouse model of chronic lung disease with pathology that resembles asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in humans. In this model, chronic lung disease develops after an infection with a common type of respiratory virus is cleared to only trace levels of noninfectious virus. Chronic inflammatory disease is generally thought to depend on an altered adaptive immune response. However, here we find that this type of disease arises independently of an adaptive immune response and is driven instead by interleukin-13 produced by macrophages that have been stimulated by CD1d-dependent T cell receptor-invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells. This innate immune axis is also activated in the lungs of humans with chronic airway disease due to asthma or COPD. These findings provide new insight into the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disease with the discovery that the transition from respiratory viral infection into chronic lung disease requires persistent activation of a previously undescribed NKT cell-macrophage innate immune axis.     

The pathogenesis of COPD and IPF: Distinct horns of the same devil?

New paradigms have been recently proposed in the pathogenesis of both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), evidencing surprising similarities between these deadly diseases, despite their obvious clinical, radiological and pathologic differences. There is growing evidence supporting a "double hit" pathogenic model where in both COPD and IPF the cumulative action of an accelerated senescence of pulmonary parenchyma (determined by either telomere dysfunction and/or a variety of genetic predisposing factors), and the noxious activity of cigarette smoke-induced oxidative damage are able to severely compromise the regenerative potential of two pulmonary precursor cell compartments (alveolar epithelial precursors in IPF, mesenchymal precursor cells in COPD/emphysema). The consequent divergent derangement of signalling pathways involved in lung tissue renewal (mainly Wnt and Notch), can eventually lead to the distinct abnormal tissue remodelling and functional impairment that characterise the alveolar parenchyma in these diseases (irreversible fibrosis and bronchiolar honeycombing in IPF, emphysema and airway chronic inflammation in COPD).     

4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal induces chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-like histopathologic changes in mice

The α,β-unsaturated aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is an endogenous product of oxidative stress that is found at increased levels in the lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and animal models of this lung disorder. In the present study, levels of 4-HNE adducts were increased in two different mouse models of COPD. Challenging lungs with 4-HNE enlarged the airspace and induced goblet cell metaplasia of the airways in mice, two characteristics of COPD. 4-HNE induced the accumulation of inflammatory cells expressing high levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Our results indicate that 4-HNE production during oxidative stress is a key pathway in the pathogenesis of COPD.     

Analysis of the N-acetyltransferase 2 gene polymorphism in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in populations of the Volga-Ural region

Restriction fragment-length polymorphism of the gene coding for N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) was typed in populations of the Volga-Ural region (Bashkirs, Tatars, Chuvashes, Udmurts, and Russians) as well as in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in healthy individuals. Rapid and slow acetylator phenotypes were determined based on the presence or absence of the KpnI, TaqI, and BamHI restriction endonuclease recognition sites. The proportion of slow acetylators in the populations examined varied from 40.00% in Bashkirs to 64.15% in Chuvashes with statistically significant difference between these two ethnic groups (chi 2 = 5.7; p = 0.02). Overall, in the Volga-Ural populations slow acetylators represented 56.25% of the subjects examined. This value was similar to those presented in other studies of Caucasoid populations. In the COPD patients a statistically significant decrease of the slow acetylator frequency to 48.28% compared to healthy individuals (62.18%) was observed (chi 2 = 4.60; p = 0.036). The data obtained suggest a possible association between the drug resistance in the COPD patients with the rapid acetylator phenotype, which can lead to the development of the chronic form of the disease.     

Challenges in Diagnosing Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients With COPD and Other Chronic Lung Disorders

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a necrotizing pneumonia caused by airborne opportunistic fungi of Aspergillus species. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other chronic lung disorders (CLD) have emerged to be at risk for IPA, with a related mortality rate greater than 70%. Host factors playing a role in the occurrence of IPA in CLD patients differ from those in patients with hematologic disorders and may be largely responsible for a distinct pattern of the disease. Furthermore, these host factors affect the results of standard diagnostic procedures recommended for IPA. Therefore, the diagnosis of IPA in patients with COPD and other CLD remains challenging for physicians. This review puts into perspective the host factors contributing to the pathogenesis of IPA in CLD patients and discusses the use and interpretation of the main diagnostic tools currently available.