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1.
Hailan Liu Yueai Lin Guobo Chen Yaou Shen Jian Liu Suzhi Zhang 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2012,29(2):437-447
As introns are vulnerable to changes such as insertions and deletions when exposed to various evolutionary forces, they constitute
a repository for developing genetic markers based on intron length polymorphisms (ILP). This study developed a set of genetic
markers that use the potential intron length polymorphism in resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in Zea mays. By searching the genome of Zea mays B73 for the homologs of 73 R genes which have already been identified in plants, we found 861 RGAs, 632 of which have at least one intron that can serve
as putative markers targeting the intron length polymorphism in RGAs (RGA-ILP). We developed 1972 candidate markers via electronic
PCR (e-PCR) with primer pairs designed in each pair of exonic regions that flank an intron. Furthermore, the performance of
RGA-ILP among four maize inbred lines (Huangzao4, B73, Mo17, and Dan340) was evaluated with 69 pairs of randomly selected
primers. Of them, 46.4% showed bands that had discriminating length polymorphism, and between any two of the inbred lines
the proportion of polymorphism ranged from 23.2 to 31.9%. To make it convenient to use these markers for those interested
in molecular breeding of disease-resistant maize, we provide all related information in a web-based database named MaizeRGA,
which is available at . 相似文献
2.
Qi X Pittaway TS Lindup S Liu H Waterman E Padi FK Hash CT Zhu J Gale MD Devos KM 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2004,109(7):1485-1493
Over the past 10 years, resources have been established for the genetic analysis of pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., an important staple crop of the semi-arid regions of India and Africa. Among these resources are detailed genetic maps containing both homologous and heterologous restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers, and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Genetic maps produced in four different crosses have been integrated to develop a consensus map of 353 RFLP and 65 SSR markers. Some 85% of the markers are clustered and occupy less than a third of the total map length. This phenomenon is independent of the cross. Our data suggest that extreme localization of recombination toward the chromosome ends, resulting in gaps on the genetic map of 30 cM or more in the distal regions, is typical for pearl millet. The unequal distribution of recombination has consequences for the transfer of genes controlling important agronomic traits from donor to elite pearl millet germplasm. The paper also describes the generation of 44 SSR markers from a (CA)n-enriched small-insert genomic library. Previously, pearl millet SSRs had been generated from BAC clones, and the relative merits of both methodologies are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Tingbo Jiang Boru Zhou Fuling Gao Baozhu Guo 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2011,27(3):347-356
A pseudo-testcross mapping strategy was used in combination with the random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) and amplified
fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping methods to develop two moderately dense genetic linkage maps for Betula platyphylla Suk. (Asian white birch) and B. pendula Roth (European white birch). Eighty F1 progenies were screened with 291 RAPD markers and 451 AFLP markers. We selected 230 RAPD and 362 AFLP markers with 1:1 segregation
and used them for constructing the parent-specific linkage maps. The resultant map for B. platyphylla was composed of 226 markers in 24 linkage groups (LGs), and spanned 2864.5 cM with an average of 14.3 cM between adjacent
markers. The linkage map for B. pendula was composed of 226 markers in 23 LGs, covering 2489.7 cM. The average map distance between adjacent markers was 13.1 cM.
Clustering of AFLP markers was observed on several LGs. The availability of these white birch linkage maps will contribute
to the molecular genetics and the implementation of marker-assisted selection in these important forest species. 相似文献
4.
G. Cnops B. den Boer A. Gerats M. Van Montagu M. Van Lijsebettens 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1996,253(1-2):32-41
The Arabidopsis tornado1 (trn1) mutation causes severe dwarfism combined with twisted growth of all organs. We present a chromosome landing strategy, using
amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker technology, for the isolation of the TRN1 gene. The recessive trn1 mutation was identified in a C24 transgenic line and is located 5 cM from a T-DNA insertion. We mapped the TRN1 locus to the bottom half of chromosome 5 relative to visible and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers.
Recombinant classes within a 3-cM region around TRN1 were used to build a high-resolution map in this region, using the AFLP technique. Approximately 300 primer combinations
have been used to test about 26 000 fragments for polymorphisms. Seventeen of these AFLP markers were identified in the 3-cM
region around TRN1. These markers were mapped within this region using individual recombinants. Four of these AFLP markers co-segregate with
TRN1 whereas one maps at one recombinant below TRN1. We isolated and cloned three of these AFLP markers. These markers identified two yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones,
containing the RFLP marker above and the AFLP marker below TRN1, demonstrating that these YACs span the TRN1 locus and that chromosome landing has been achieved, using an AFLP-based strategy.
Received: 25 April 1996 / Accepted: 26 June 1996 相似文献
5.
Molecular markers linked to papaya ring spot virus resistance and Fusarium race 2 resistance in melon 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Brotman Y Kovalski I Dogimont C Pitrat M Portnoy V Katzir N Perl-Treves R 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2005,110(2):337-345
In melon, the Fom-1 gene confers monogenic resistance against the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, races 0 and 2, while the closely linked Prv gene specifies resistance against the papaya ring spot virus. Markers linked to these resistance (R) genes were identified using two recombinant inbred line populations, derived from crosses between Cucumis melo Védrantais and C. melo PI 161375, and between C. melo Védrantais and C. melo PI 414723, respectively. Using bulked segregant analysis, as well as systematic scoring of the mapping populations, we developed two amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, two random amplified polymorphic DNA markers and five restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers linked to this locus. Four of the RFLP sequences bear homology to nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat R genes, indicating the presence of a significant R-gene cluster in this locus. Our study provides the most closely linked markers published so far for these important traits. It also improves the resolution of the whole linkage group IX, which was difficult to order in our previous studies. Two of the markers were converted to cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers to facilitate their application in marker-assisted selection. Testing these two markers in several melon lines revealed different marker haplotypes in the melon germplasm and supported multiple, independent origin of the Fusarium races 0 and 2 resistance trait. 相似文献
6.
The comparison of RFLP,RAPD, AFLP and SSR (microsatellite) markers for germplasm analysis 总被引:71,自引:0,他引:71
Wayne Powell Michele Morgante Chaz Andre Michael Hanafey Julie Vogel Scott Tingey Antoni Rafalski 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》1996,2(3):225-238
The utility of RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), RAPD (random-amplified polymorphic DNA), AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and SSR (simple sequence repeat, microsatellite) markers in soybean germplasm analysis was determined by evaluating information content (expected heterozygosity), number of loci simultaneously analyzed per experiment (multiplex ratio) and effectiveness in assessing relationships between accessions. SSR markers have the highest expected heterozygosity (0.60), while AFLP markers have the highest effective multiplex ratio (19). A single parameter, defined as the marker index, which is the product of expected heterozygosity and multiplex ratio, may be used to evaluate overall utility of a marker system. A comparison of genetic similarity matrices revealed that, if the comparison involved both cultivated (Glycine max) and wild soybean (Glycine soja) accessions, estimates based on RFLPs, AFLPs and SSRs are highly correlated, indicating congruence between these assays. However, correlations of RAPD marker data with those obtained using other marker systems were lower. This is because RAPDs produce higher estimates of interspecific similarities. If the comparisons involvedG. max only, then overall correlations between marker systems are significantly lower. WithinG. max, RAPD and AFLP similarity estimates are more closely correlated than those involving other marker systems.Abbreviations RFLP
restriction fragment length plymorphism
- RAPD
random-amplified polymorphic DNA
- AFLP
amplified fragment length polymorphism
- SSR
simple sequence repeat
- PCR
polymerase chain reaction
- TBE
Tris-borate-EDTA buffer
- MI
marker index
- SENA
sum of effective numbers of alleles 相似文献
7.
Carlos Polanco Ana I. González Raúl de la Puente Sergio Somalo María L. Ruiz 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2005,23(3):271-277
The available methods to isolate specific amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers can be used only if markers
are detected by radioactive labeling, silver staining, or ethidium bromide staining; these methods are useless if modern and
automated genetic analyzers are used to detect AFLP markers by fluorescent labeling. We have developed a method that allows
for isolation and cloning of specific AFLP markers obtained with a laser-induced fluorescence capillary electrophoresis system.
This procedure has been tested on 5Arabidopsis thaliana polymorphic AFLP markers, and the nucleotide sequences obtained from these cloned markers were identified and located in
theArabidopsis genome. 相似文献
8.
采用扩增片段长度多态性分子标记技术对陕西省分布的6个野生唐棣居群的96个个体进行了遗传多样性分析, 以明确野生唐棣资源的亲缘关系,为唐棣资源的保护、良种选育和开发利用提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)从64对引物组合中筛选出8对扩增条带清晰、多态性高的引物组合,共扩增出277条清晰条带,其中多态性条带116条,多态性位点百分率为42.86%。(2)UPGMA聚类、主坐标分析(PCoA)和遗传结构分析结果相似,将6个陕西野生唐棣居群分成2大支,秦岭南北居群间遗传分化明显,且群体间存在一定基因流。(3)分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示遗传变异主要存在于居群内(63%),居群间遗传变异为37%。Mantel检验表明陕西唐棣居群地理距离与遗传距离之间无明显相关性(r = 0.192,P = 0.220)。研究表明,AFLP分子标记可以准确、有效地用于唐棣遗传多样性分析;唐棣遗传变异主要来源于居群内,居群间的基因交流有限;陕西野生唐棣遗传多样性水平较低,但部分居群的遗传多样性较高。该研究结果可为野生唐棣资源的保护、良种选育和开发利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
9.
Genomic Resources Development Consortium Wolfgang Arthofer Laura Bertini Carla Caruso Francesco Cicconardi Lynda F. Delph Peter D. Fields Minoru Ikeda Yuki Minegishi Silvia Proietti Heike Ritthammer Birgit C. Schlick‐Steiner Florian M. Steiner Gregor A. Wachter Herbert C. Wagner Laura A. Weingartner 《Molecular ecology resources》2015,15(4):1014-1015
10.
Simple sequence repeats for the genetic analysis of apple 总被引:35,自引:0,他引:35
L. Gianfranceschi N. Seglias R. Tarchini M. Komjanc C. Gessler 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(8):1069-1076
The development of highly informative markers, such as simple sequence repeats, for tagging genes controlling agronomic characters
is essential for apple breeding. Furthermore the use of these markers is fundamental both for variety identification and for
the characterisation and management of genetic resources. We have developed 16 reliable simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
that amplify all alleles from a panel of 19 Malus x domestica (Borkh.) cultivars or breeding selections and from Malus floribunda 821. Those markers show a high level of genetic polymorphism, with on average 8.2 alleles per locus and an average heterozygosity
of 0.78. Due to this high level of polymorphism, it was possible using two selected SSRs to distinguish all cultivars except
Starking and Red Delicious. Ten of the markers we developed have been mapped on a RAPD linkage map, proving their Mendelian
segregation as well as their random distribution in the apple genome. Finally, we discuss the importance of using co-dominant
markers in outbreeding species.
Received: 8 October 1997 / Accepted: 9 December 1997 相似文献
11.
AFLP markers tightly linked to the aluminum-tolerance gene Alt3 in rye (Secale cereale L.) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Miftahudin G. J. Scoles J. P. Gustafson 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2002,104(4):626-631
Rye (Secale cereale L.) is considered to be the most aluminum (Al)-tolerant species among the Triticeae. It has been suggested that aluminum
tolerance in rye is controlled by three major genes (Alt genes) located on rye chromosome arms 3RL, 4RL, and 6RS, respectively. Screening of an F6 rye recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross between an Al-tolerant rye (M39A-1–6) and an Al-sensitive
rye (M77A-1) showed that a single gene controls aluminum tolerance in the population analyzed. In order to identify molecular
markers tightly linked to the gene, we used a combination of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and bulked segregant
analysis techniques to evaluate the F6 rye RIL population. We analyzed approximately 22,500 selectively amplified DNA fragments using 204 primer combinations and
identified three AFLP markers tightly linked to the Alt gene. Two of these markers flanked the Alt locus at distance of 0.4 and 0.7 cM. Chromosomal localization using cloned AFLP and a restriction fragment length polymorphism
(RFLP) marker indicated that the gene was on the long arm of rye chromosome 4R. The RFLP marker (BCD1230) co-segregated with
the Alt gene. Since the gene is on chromosome 4R, the gene was designated as Alt3. These markers are being used as a starting point in the construction of a high resolution map of the Alt3 region in rye.
Received: 29 March 2000 / Accepted: 9 July 2001 相似文献
12.
Hua Zhao Lei Shi Xiaoli Duan Fangsen Xu Yunhua Wang Jinling Meng 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2008,22(3):495-506
Considerable genotypic variation exists in the response of different cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus) to B deficiency. This raises the possibility of genetic improvement of a B nutrition trait that will make the plant more
tolerant to low B stress. The results of our study showed that B-efficient backcross plants had lower B concentration and
more dry matter when grown at low levels of B when compared with the recurrent parent. Accordingly, we proposed that the improved
B efficiency was attributed to either a high B utilization efficiency or less demand for B. The results of the genetic analysis
showed that B efficiency is a dominant trait that is controlled by a single locus, namely BnBE2. By using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) in combination with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and sequence
related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) techniques, five SRAP markers and one converted single strand conformation polymorphism
(SSCP) marker were identified to be linked to BnBE2 after screening 1,800 primer combinations. The six markers together with BnBE2 were mapped in a region that covered a genetic distance of 6.9 cM on a linkage group using a BC6 population. This region was located on linkage group N14 after mapping these markers in two doubled haploid (DH) populations
(TNDH and BQDH). The SRAP and AFLP markers were sequenced and found to be homologous to a BAC sequence from Brassica oleracea (CC). This finding suggested that the segment containing BnBE2 locus originated from the C genome of Brassica oleracea. Three SSR markers were identified to be linked to BnBE2 through comparative mapping. All these markers might have potential value for facilitating the pyramiding of the BnBE2 gene with other B efficient genes in order to improve the B efficiency trait and for further fine mapping of the BnBE2 gene in Brassica napus. 相似文献
13.
香合欢是我国南方特有的珍贵用材树种。为了对其种质资源开展群体遗传学研究,该研究根据香合欢转录组测序结果设计开发EST-SSR引物,并在黄豆树、南洋楹、黑木相思、格木等近缘树种中进行通用性分析。结果表明:(1)所开发的243对引物有171对能够成功扩增出目的条带,在香合欢、黄豆树、南洋楹、黑木相思、格木中的有效扩增率分别为63.79%、33.75%、45.68%、41.56%、14.81%; 多态性比率分别为23.87%、12.20%、9.01%、3.96%、2.78%; 5个物种间均通用的引物有18对。(2)通过验证共获得香合欢SSR多态性标记37个,黄豆树和南洋楹多态性标记均为10个,黑木相思多态性标记4个,格木多态性标记1个。(3)所开发的香合欢EST-SSR标记,可以满足开展香合欢群体遗传学相关研究的需要,并在黄豆树、南洋楹等近缘树种中具有较好的通用性和研究实用性。综上认为,EST-SSR标记可在香合欢、黄豆树、南洋楹、黑木相思、格木等树种的种质资源遗传多样性评价、育种材料指纹图谱构建、群体交配系统分析等方面提供可靠的研究工具,对香合欢种质资源的保护和利用具有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
Identification of molecular markers for aluminium tolerance in diploid oat through comparative mapping and QTL analysis 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Wight CP Kibite S Tinker NA Molnar SJ 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2006,112(2):222-231
The degree of aluminium tolerance varies widely across cereal species, with oats (Avena spp.) being among the most tolerant. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to aluminium tolerance
in the diploid oat A. strigosa. Restriction fragment length polymorphism markers were tested in regions where comparative mapping indicated the potential
for orthologous quantitative trait loci (QTL) for aluminium tolerance in other grass species. Amplified fragment length polymorphism
(AFLP) and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were used to provide additional coverage of the genome.
Four QTL were identified. The largest QTL explained 39% of the variation and is possibly orthologous to the major gene found
in the Triticeae as well as Alm1 in maize and a minor gene in rice. A second QTL may be orthologous to the Alm2 gene in maize. Two other QTL were associated with anonymous markers. Together, these QTL accounted for 55% of the variation.
A SCAR marker linked to the major QTL identified in this study could be used to introgress the aluminium tolerance trait from
A. strigosa into cultivated oat germplasm.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users.
S. Kibite: In Memoriam 相似文献
15.
The knowledge of breeding impacts on the genetic diversity of hybrids of Eucalyptus is crucial to the exploration of genetic resources. We estimated genetic polymorphic parameters of 112 hybrids of Eucalyptus spp. using 10 genomic simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and 10 expressed sequence tags (EST) microsatellite markers.
According to Student’s t-test, there were no significant differences between genomic SSR and EST-SSR markers. Our results also revealed high polymorphism
in the hybrids analyzed, indicating that both markers are appropriate for use in genetic breeding programs. 相似文献
16.
Development and genetic mapping of microsatellite markers from genome survey sequences in Brassica napus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xiaomao Cheng Jinsong Xu Shu Xia Jianxun Gu Yuan Yang Jie Fu Xiaoju Qian Shunchang Zhang Jiangsheng Wu Kede Liu 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,118(6):1121-1131
Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are routinely used for tagging genes and assessing genetic diversity.
In spite of their importance, there are limited numbers of SSR markers available for Brassica crops. A total of 627 new SSR markers (designated BnGMS) were developed based on publicly available genome survey sequences
and used to survey polymorphisms among six B. napus cultivars that serve as parents for established populations. Among these SSR markers, 591 (94.3%) successfully amplified
at least one fragment and 434 (73.4%) detected polymorphism among the six B. napus cultivars. No correlation was observed between SSR motifs, repeat number or repeat length with polymorphism levels. A linkage
map was constructed using 163 newly developed BnGMS marker loci and anchored with 164 public SSRs in a doubled haploid population.
These new markers are evenly distributed over all linkage groups (LGs). Given that the majority of these SSRs are derived
from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end sequences, they will be useful in the assignment of their cognate BACs to LGs
and facilitate the integration of physical maps with genetic maps for genome sequencing in B. napus.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
17.
P. Besse M. Seguin P. Lebrun M. H. Chevallier D. Nicolas C. Lanaud 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,88(2):199-207
Restriction fragment length polymorphism was assessed in wild and cultivated populations of Hevea brasiliensis using random probes from an Hevea nuclear library. One-hundred-and-sixty-four individuals were surveyed, and the results discussed in the light of previous work performed on isozyme variation. Both studies show that germplasm collections have led to an effective enrichment of the genetic resources available for Hevea breeding, and that cultivated clones have conserved a relatively high level of polymorphism, despite their narrow genetic base and their high level of inbreeding. An equivalent level of polymorphism is revealed by random nuclear probes and isozymes. However, the genetic structuring of the diversity appears more striking using RFLP markers. Wild accessions can be divided into three genetic groups according to their geographical origin. The present results are an essential guide to the incorporation of wild material in breeding schemes. 相似文献
18.
Chloroplastic DNA (cpDNA) variation at five microsatellite motifs, two insertion‐deletion sites, and eight nucleotide substitution sites was investigated in the Olea europaea complex. Primers were designed for flanking regions of these sites to amplify short cpDNA regions. They provided polymorphism when polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from a representative sample of 128 O. europaea individuals were either resolved by size into polyacrylamide gels (length polymorphism) or digested with restriction enzymes (nucleotide‐substitution polymorphism). These polymorphisms serve to distinguish most of the cytoplasmic haplotypes previously recognized. Potential application of these markers in O. europaea includes phylogeography, conservation and germplasm identification, even when using poorly preserved material from herbarium specimens or forensic and archaeological materials. 相似文献
19.
Tör M Manning K King GJ Thompson AJ Jones GH Seymour GB Armstrong SJ 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2002,104(2-3):165-170
Cnr (Colourless non-ripening) is a dominant pleiotropic ripening mutation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) which has previously been mapped to the proximal region of tomato chromosome 2. We describe the fine mapping of the Cnr locus using both linkage analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Restriction fragment length polymorphism
(RFLP)-, amplified restriction fragment polymorphism (AFLP)-, and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS)-based markers,
linked to the Cnr locus were mapped onto the long arm of chromosome 2. Detailed linkage analysis indicated that the Cnr locus was likely to lie further away from the top of the long arm than previously thought. This was confirmed by FISH, which
was applied to tomato pachytene chromosomes in order to gain an insight into the organisation of hetero- and euchromatin and
its relationship to the physical and genetic distances in the Cnr region. Three molecular markers linked to Cnr were unambiguously located by FISH to the long arm of chromosome 2 using individual BAC probes containing these single-copy
sequences. The physical order of the markers coincided with that established by genetic analysis. The two AFLP markers most-closely
linked to the Cnr locus were located in the euchromatic region 2.7-cM apart. The physical distance between these markers was measured on the
pachytene spreads and estimated to be approximately 900 kb, suggesting a bp:cM relationship in this region of chromosome 2
of about 330 kb/cM. This is less than half the average value of 750 kb/cM for the tomato genome. The relationship between
genetic and physical distances on chromosome 2 is discussed.
Received: 11 January 2001 / Accepted: 30 April 2001 相似文献
20.
Development of SCAR markers linked to three disease resistances based on AFLP within Nicotiana tabacum L 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Julio E Verrier JL Dorlhac de Borne F 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2006,112(2):335-346
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was conducted on a set of 92 Nicotiana tabacum L. accessions from diverse types (flue-cured, dark air-cured, burley, oriental, and cigar wrapper) and breeding origins to
identify markers associated with disease resistances. Eleven primer combinations were required to identify 33 polymorphic
fragments. This allowed the identification of 92% of these accessions, and yielded sufficient information for building a neighbor
joining tree. Clusters of accessions with common traits or breeding origins were observed. An important part of this polymorphism
could be related to interspecific introgressions from other Nicotiana species, performed during the breeding history of N. tabacum to confer resistance to pathogens. Seven fragments were associated with three different resistances: two for the blue-mold
(Peronospora tabacina Adam) resistance derived from Nicotiana debneyi Domin, two for the Va gene (Potato Virus Y susceptibility), and three for the black root rot (Chalara elegans) resistance of N. debneyi origin. Some of these markers were converted into sequence characterized amplified region markers, and validated on recombinant
inbred lines or doubled-haploid lines. 相似文献