基于18S rRNA基因部分序列探讨四种蛙类多盘科吸虫分类地位

分析了寄生于蛙类膀胱的4种多盘虫科Polystomatidae吸虫:石林双睾吸虫Diplorchis shilinensis、锯腿树蛙多盘吸虫Polystoma carvirostris和分别寄生于昭觉林蛙Rana chaochiaoensis、华西雨蛙Hyla a.annectans的2未定种的分类地位,并利用18S rRNA基因部分序列进行了系统发育重建.结果表明:4种多盘科吸虫为多盘虫属Polystoma和双睾虫属Diplorchis的4个分类单元,其中2未定种为多盘虫属未记录种;肠管、生殖系统、后吸器、大钩和生殖棘等为多盘虫属属内种定种的可靠性状.基于18S rRNA基因序列,4种多盘科吸虫呈现以下进化关系:1)寄生于昭觉林蛙和华西雨蛙的多盘虫属2未定种进入欧非混合进化支;2)锯腿树蛙多盘吸虫位于多盘虫属进化支的最基部;3)石林双睾吸虫进入澳洲进化支.     

无声囊泛树蛙寄生多盘虫属单殖吸虫一新种

从海南尖峰岭的无声囊泛树蛙Polypedates mutus膀胱内检获多盘虫属Polystoma单殖吸虫1新种,以宿主种名命名为无声囊泛树蛙多盘虫Polystoma mutus sp.nov.。新种以后吸器长相对于虫体全长较小(1.0:7.9～1.0:8.2),锚钩形态,具9根生殖棘等特征而区别于近似种。本种为海南岛多盘虫属单殖吸虫的首次报道。模式标本保存于华南师范大学生命科学学院鱼类寄生虫学研究室。     

寄生于锯腿树蛙多盘吸虫属单殖吸虫一新种记述

记述了锯腿树蛙多盘吸虫Polystoma carvirostris sp.nov.。新种宿主为锯腿树蛙Rhacophorus carvirostris Guenther,1868,采自云南屏边县。新种中央大钩基部截形,国外近似种大钩基部分叉状。新种虫体全长平均5·07mm,体型小于屏边多盘吸虫Polystoma pingbianensis和斑腿树蛙多盘吸虫P.leucomystax。新种肠管内侧盲肠分支多数过腹中线,且于中后部交叉联合成网状;屏边多盘吸虫P.pingbianensis肠管内侧盲肠分支多数过中线,仅1个肠联合;斑腿树蛙多盘吸虫P.leucomystax肠管内侧盲肠分支均过中线,肠联合与分支肠管交错排列。     

寄生于杜氏泛树蛙多盘虫属单殖吸虫一新种记述

于云南屏边县杜氏泛树蛙Polypedates dugritei David膀胱内检获单殖吸虫多盘科多盘虫属1新种:屏边多盘吸虫Polystoma pingbianensis sp.nov.,对其形态结构及宿主特异性问题进行了初步研究.据宿主膀胱内寄生的产卵成虫测量形态分类数据和描述鉴定特征.虫体全长平均9.428 mm,后吸器大小平均0.869 mm×0.784 mm,后吸器吸盘的直径平均434.4μm,后吸器上两个中央大钩全长平均403.2μm.朝向外侧肠管无盲突,朝向内侧肠管每侧形成13～14个盲突,有1个或无过腹中线的肠联合,肠管于后端合并向后延伸至后吸器内,不形成盲突.卵巢较小,位于单个睾丸之前,卵巢长平均711.52 μm.卵相对较大,卵长平均306.6μm,卵宽平均164.6μm.     

无指盘臭蛙体内寄生双睾虫属多盘吸虫一新种

于云南一平浪镇无指盘臭蛙Rana grahami Boulenger膀胱内检获单殖吸虫多盘科双睾虫属l新种,以宿主名命名为无指盘臭蛙双睾虫Diplorchis grahami sp. Nov..检查36只无指盘臭蛙,感染率为19.4%,感染虫体1～94枚,平均感染强度为31,相对密度为6.02.新种模式标本具有典型双睾属多盘吸虫的特征:消化道两侧均未形成肠盲突,末端不形成联合,不延伸进入后吸器.阴道孔隆起明显,子宫具升支和降支,向后延伸至后吸器内.卵黄腺发达,滤泡状,沿肠管两侧分布至后吸器内.生殖棘7枚排列为冠状.本双睾虫体长平均4.627 mm,虫体最宽处平均1.611mm,与黑斑蛙双睾虫、拉氏双睾虫和杭州双睾虫均属于大型虫体,但新种的几丁质结构与上述3种已记录的双睾虫存在显著差异,其后吸器相对较小,平均为0.681 mm×1.178mm,吸盘直径平均284.22μm,大钩较小,平均295.87μm,X/Y为1.255;但与小型的石林双睾虫比较,大钩X/Y值差异不显著.     

海水鱼类单殖吸虫研究Ⅺ鳞盘虫属二新种

从福建、海南、广东与广西所设的22个采样点采获鳞盘虫属Diplectanum标本中,又有2种为新种.波茎鳞盘虫,新种Diplectanumundulicirrosumsp.nov与叉片鳞盘虫,新种,Diplectanumfurcelamellosumsp.nov.,它们均以具特殊之交接器结构而区别于本属的其它虫种.     

滇蛙体内寄生单殖吸虫一新种记述

从滇蛙Rana pleuraden Boulenger膀胱内检获单殖吸虫多盘科双睾属1新种,以采集地命名为石林双睾虫Diplorchis shilinensis sp.nov.,新种为目前国内记录双睾属吸虫中体型最小的虫种.描述了新种的形态特征,并与近似种做了比较.新种模式标本保存于云南师范大学生命科学学院动物学教研室.     

海水鱼类单殖吸虫研究XI鳞盘虫属二新种

从福建、海南、广东与广西所设的２２个采样点采获鳞盘虫属Ｄｉｐｌｅｃｔａｎｕｍ标本中,又有２种为新种。波茎鳞盘虫,新种Ｄｉｐｌｅｃｔａｎｕｍ ｕｎｄｕｌｉｃｉｒｒｏｓｕｍ ｓｐ．ｍｏｖ与叉片鳞盘虫,新种,Ｄｉｐｌｅｃｔａｎｕｍ ｆｕｒｃｅｌａｍｅｌｌｏｓｕｍ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,它们均以具特殊之交接器结构而区别于本属的其它虫种。     

基于28S rDNA C1-D2区的鳞盘虫科单殖吸虫系统学初步研究

首次利用核糖体28S rDNA C1-D2区序列对鳞盘虫科开展初步的系统学分析,探讨鳞盘虫科各亚科是否成立及其相互关系,并考察鳞盘虫属的单系性问题.结果表明:1)寄生在黄姑鱼Nibea albiflora上的Sinodiplectanotrema属虫种与鳞盘虫科虫种表现出较近的亲缘关系,因虫种后吸器不具鳞盘,故应纳入鳞盘虫科4亚科之一的Murraytrematoidinae亚科;2)本研究不支持Murraytrematoidinae亚科的单系性,并支持Doumingous(2004)废除Murraytrematoidinae亚科并将其中的Lobotrema和Murraytrema二属归入Diplectaninae亚科这一做法;3)对于Doumingous(2004)所提议的新Diplectaninae亚科是否为单系群需进一步探讨;4)本研究支持Lamellodiscinae亚科的单系性;5)7种鳞盘虫属虫种的分析结果显示鳞盘虫属具有明显的非单系性.今后需要将形态学分析和分子系统学分析结合起来,通过分析更多的虫种,才有可能理解鳞盘虫属及鳞盘虫科其它种类的适应辐射问题.     

海南大绿臭蛙寄生双睾虫属一新种(单殖吸虫纲,多盘虫科)

从海南五指山的大绿臭蛙Ranalivida膀胱内检获多盘科Polysto matidae双睾虫属Diplorchis单殖吸虫1新种,以宿主种名命名为大绿臭蛙双睾虫Diplorchis lividae sp.nov.。新种以肠支侧突明显而区别于蛙双睾虫、拉氏双睾虫和无指盘臭蛙双睾虫;与石林双睾虫的区别是本种的肠支末端进入后吸器;本种中央大钩的形状与杭州双睾虫的大钩基部具深裂的缺刻明显不同;与黑斑蛙双睾虫的区别是本种中央大钩的内突上附有向前延伸的长条形肌腱,另本种卵巢较小、长度与卵相近,而黑斑蛙双睾虫的卵巢长度超过卵长的一倍。本种为海南多盘类单殖吸虫的首次报道。模式标本保存于华南师范大学生命科学学院鱼类寄生虫研究室。     

Digenetic trematodes of the genus Clinostomum Leidy, 1856 (Digenea: Clinostomidae) from birds of Queensland, Australia, including C. wilsoni n. sp. from Egretta intermedia

Two species of Clinostomum previously described from Australia, C. hornum from Botaurus poiciloptilus (Australian bittern) and Nycticorax caledonicus (Nankeen night heron) and C. australiense from Pelecanus conspicillatus (Australian pelican), which have previously been synonymised with C. complanatum, are redescribed and recognised as valid species. In addition, C. complanatum is recorded from Egretta alba (large egret), E. garzetta (little egret), E. intermedia (plumed egret), N. caledonicus and Ardea novaehollandiae (white-faced heron). C. wilsoni n. sp. is described from E. intermedia from Queensland. C. wilsoni differs from the other three species in size and shape of the body and in the oral collar, oral sucker, intestinal caeca, caecal diverticula and position of testes. Taxonomic problems within the genus Clinostomum are discussed.     

Syntopic occurrence of new species ofPolystoma andMetapolystoma (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) inPtychadena porosissima in South Africa

Polystoma sodwanensis n. sp. andMetapolystoma porosissimae n. sp. are described as new species of the Polystomatidae parasitic in the urinary bladder of adultPtychadena porosissima collected in northern Natal, South Africa. Of 26 frogs examined, 11 host individuals were infected with one of the two parasite species, while in five both parasite species occurred. This is the first record of two different genera of polystomatids occurring together in one host species and the first record ofMetapolystoma in South Africa. The exceptional nature of the reported double infection is discussed in terms of host specificity within the Polystomatidae. Relevant information is given on the ecology and distribution of the host,Ptychadena porosissima.To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

The first record of polystomes (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from caecilian hosts (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), with the description of a new genus and two new species

New taxa are proposed for Nanopolystoma lynchi n. g., n. sp. from the urinary bladder and phallodeum of the caecilian Caecilia cf. pachynema and N. brayi. n. sp. from the urinary bladder of C. gracilis, both from South America. These are the first species of polystomatids to be described from caecilian hosts. The parasites are small with a maximum body length of 2 mm. The two gut caeca are not confluent posteriorly and have neither diverticula nor anastomoses. The haptor bears six well-developed suckers and one pair of hamuli. The single follicular testis lies in the mid-body and the ovary is small. Vaginae are present. A single large, operculate egg lies in the short uterus, which leads to an armed genital bulb. Neither the nature of the oncomiracidium nor the phylogenetic position of these worms is known. Nanopolystoma n. g. shares various morphological features with other polystomatid genera; however, the non-confluent gut-caeca lacking diverticula and the presence of skeletal elements in the haptoral suckers place it with the chelonian polystomes of the subfamily Polystomoidinae. These findings suggest that the caecilian host species are probably semi-aquatic. More polystomatid species are expected to be found in association with other species of Caecilia.     

皖北志留纪盔甲鱼类的新发现

本文记述了盔甲鱼类的一新属种——珍奇秀甲鱼(Geraspis rara gen. et sp. nov.),它代表—新科(Geraspididae fam. nov)。头甲及其后覆盖鳞片部分呈正常连接。主要特征为:间带短,角呈狭长的三角形,伸向后方。侧背沟靠近头甲中背线。鳞为小而密集的菱形。     

中国斑栉叶蜂属研究及二新种(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

记述中国叶蜂科、蔺叶蜂亚科、斑栉叶蜂属2新种,白股斑栉叶蜂Brykella albofemorata sp.nov.和大斑栉叶蜂B.magna sp.nov.。提供了栉爪叶蜂族Anisoarthrini分属检索表,描述了斑栉叶蜂属属征,编制了斑栉叶蜂属分种检索表。     

中国沟额叶蜂属(膜翅目,叶蜂科)二新种暨亚洲种类检索表

记述中国沟额叶蜂属2新种:廖氏沟额叶蜂Corrugia liaoae Wei et Liu,sp.nov.和弯刺沟额叶蜂Corrugia curvatispina Wei et Xiao,sp.nov.。编制了沟额叶蜂属亚洲已知种类分种检索表。新种模式标本保存于中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室以及中国农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

云南曲靖志留纪罗德洛世真盔甲鱼类一新属(英文)

记述了云南曲靖潇湘区关底组(志留系罗德洛统)真盔甲鱼类一新属、新种——长孔盾鱼(Dunyu longiforus gen.et sp.nov.),丰富了以梦幻鬼鱼为代表的潇湘脊椎动物群的组成。该新属具真盔甲鱼科的鉴别特征:后眶上管和中背管二者连续过渡,后端两侧辏合呈"U"字形,侧背管仅发出3条侧横管。新属内角缺如,这一特征过去在真盔甲鱼科中仅见于真盔甲鱼属。新属区别于真盔甲鱼属的主要特征有:角向后方延伸,呈棘状或叶状;头甲最宽处位于角末端之前,宽长比小于1.1;中背孔末端超越眶孔后缘连线。基于对秀山真盔甲鱼头甲标本的重新观察,将秀山真盔甲鱼归入盾鱼属。新种区别于秀山盾鱼(Dunyu xiushanensis)的特征有:个体较大,头甲长大于宽;角呈棘状;眶孔位置相对靠前,头甲眶前区与眶后区的长度之比小于0.75;多边形崮状瘤点,较大,长可超过2mm。     

中国山东束颈蝗属一新种(直翅目,蝗总科,斑翅蝗科,斑翅蝗亚科)

记述采自中国山东斑翅蝗科束颈蝗属Sphingonotus Fieber,18521新种,烟台束颈蝗Sphingonotus yantaiensis sp.nov.。新种同蒙古束颈蝗Sphingonotus mongolicus Saussure,1888近似,其区别特征为:前胸背板沟后区长为沟前区长的1.6倍;中胸腹板中隔宽为长的1.3～1.4倍;后足股节长为最宽处的3.6～3.7倍;后足胫节内侧蓝色;后翅黑纹宽,端部不内弯。模式标本保存于山东农业大学植保学院,泰安。     

跳甲亚科昆虫中国一新纪录属及一新种(鞘翅目,叶甲科,跳甲亚科)

记述了中国1新纪录属喜山跳甲属Microcrepis Chen及1新种M.laevigata Wang et Ge,sp.nov.,模式产地为云南泸水。该属此前已记录9种,均分布于喜马拉雅山脉高海拔地区,是一个典型的高山型属,我国一直无分布报道。本文给出了该属世界已知10种的名录、分布、检索表及新种记述。新种模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。