荧光原位杂交技术分析栽培种甘薯(Ipomoea batatas cv.XushuNo.18)染色体

为了解栽培种甘薯(徐薯18,Ipomoea batatas cv.XushuNo.18)的染色体结构,文章利用45SrDNA荧光原位杂交、自身基因组荧光原位杂交和银染技术对栽培种甘薯进行分子细胞遗传学研究。银染结果显示,徐薯18间期核有6对、8对和9对银染点;45SrDNA荧光原位杂交结果显示,徐薯18染色体上有8对或9对强弱不一的45SrDNA信号;自身基因组荧光原位杂交结果表明,所有染色体的全长分布强烈而密集的杂交信号,着丝粒区、近着丝粒区和端粒区有增强的信号带。     

家蚕丝胶基因1（Ser-1）和胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制因子13基因（CI-13）的FISH定位

应用荧光原位杂交技术对家蚕单拷贝的丝胶基因1（Ser-1）及胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制因子13基因（CI-13）进行了分子细胞遗传学的染色体定位．结果表明：Ser—1位于第11连锁群染色体的近端部位置,在粗线期染色体上的相对位置为12．5±1．4;CI-13位于第2连锁群染色体的近端部,在粗线期染色体上的相对位置为8．2±1．2,进而绘制了上述基因在家蚕染色体上的位置模式图——FISH图,并对家蚕染色体的荧光原位技术及其应用进行了探讨．     

荧光原位杂交技术在植物细胞遗传学和绘制基因图谱中的应用现状与展望

荧光原位杂交是在分子水平上检测外源染色质的一种有效方法。其探针主要有染色体重复序列、总基因组DNA、寡单拷贝序列和染色体涂色集中等,该技术在研究植物细胞遗传学、基因扩增、基因作图及植物进化和亲缘关系的鉴定上已广泛应用。简要概述了荧光原位杂交技术在植物细胞遗传学和绘制基因图谱中的应用现状与展望。     

江苏省植物细胞遗传学研究回顾与展望

20世纪初"遗传的染色体学说"的提出和证明标志着细胞遗传学交叉学科建立,伴随相关学科的发展,20世纪60年代末期细胞遗传学又与分子遗传学相结合,建立发展了分子细胞遗传学交叉学科。分子细胞遗传学以DNA分子原位杂交技术为核心,不断拓展应用领域,为生命科学研究提供了直观、高效的技术手段。原位杂交技术与基因组、细胞生物学等技术结合,被广泛应用于人类、动物、植物的起源、进化、驯化等基础研究和远缘杂交、染色体工程等应用研究。通过形象地展示DNA、RNA、蛋白质在细胞中的实际位置,揭示DNA序列之间的实际位置和顺序、亲缘物种间的进化关系和结构重排、基因组拼接序列的质量、转录水平RNA和翻译水平蛋白质的位置和数量变化等。江苏省遗传学会会员单位南京农业大学、扬州大学、南京林业大学、江苏师范大学、徐淮地区农科院等自20世纪中期开展细胞遗传学理论技术研究,伴随学科发展不断创新,建立了较完善的分子细胞遗传技术体系,并成功应用于开展植物系统进化、远缘杂交、染色体工程、基因组学等研究,取得了一批研究成果。本文将主要综述江苏省在该领域取得的重要进展,并展望未来发展方向。     

DNA纤维上的原位杂交技术

ＤＮＡ纤维上的荧光原位杂交（Ｆｉｂｅｒ－ＦＩＳＨ）技术是一种非重要的分子细胞遗传学技术。对于高分辨物理图的绘制、基因组和染色体结构的研究、致病基因的定位克隆等都有很大作用,本文介绍了该技术的基本操作和应用,以及与引物原位ＤＮＡ合成（ＰＲＩＮＳ）等技术相结合进行更精确基因定位的潜力。     

在植物粗线期染色体和DNA纤维上的荧光原位杂交技术

介绍了两种荧光原位杂交技术的详细实验步骤。第一种技术是在减数分裂粗线期染色体上的荧光原位杂交,包括从花粉母细胞中制备粗线期染色体和在这种染色体上定位ＤＮＡ序列,其分辨率水平能够达到１００ｋｂ。第二种技术是从植物细胞核中制备ＤＮＡ纤维,并在上面进行原位杂交,能够直接分析ＤＮＡ序列的分子排列关系,其分辨率水平能达到几个ｋｂ。为了说明这两种原位杂交技术在研究基因组和染色体结构、构建高分辨率的ＤＮＡ物理图谱上的能力,将展示用该技术直接分析番茄染色体端粒重复序列和端粒联接重复序列的染色体定位和ＤＮＡ分子排列。     

荧光原位杂交技术在植物学中的应用

荧光原位杂交技术（fluorescence 〖WTBX〗in situ 〖WTBZ〗hybridization, FISH）是80年代末才发展起来的一种非放射性原位杂交技术。作为一种新型的细胞分子遗传学技术,目前已广泛应用于细胞遗传学、分子生物学等领域。本文简要综述了该技术的基本原理与特点及其在植物学中的应用,包括在异源染色质的鉴定、染色体物理图谱的构建和染色体RNA及植物基因组进化中的应用。     

家蚕丝心蛋白H链基因的荧光原位杂交(FISH)

蚕丝业在国民经济中占有极为重要的地位. 家蚕作为重要的模式生物和生物反应器, 历来为人们所关注. 有关蚕丝基因的结构、表达调控和分子进化都已有较详细的研究和报道, 但关于蚕丝结构基因的分子细胞遗传学基因定位的研究, 几乎尚无报道. 经用荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH)对家蚕丝心蛋白H链基因(Fib-H)的分子细胞遗传学定位研究结果, 初步将家蚕丝心蛋白H链基因定位在了分子细胞遗传学第25连锁群染色体的端部, 即25~0.0的位置, 从而解决了该基因迄今尚未定位的问题, 并证实了丝心蛋白H链基因在染色体位置上为单一座位.     

燕麦属细胞遗传学研究进展

整理燕麦属(Avena L.)细胞遗传学研究文献,总结相关研究进展。燕麦属有7组29种植物,分属5个基因组类型(A、C、AB、AC、ACD)。基于荧光原位杂交技术和种间杂交实验表明,A、C基因组染色体结构差异较大,A基因组二倍体物种具有等臂染色体,C基因组二倍体物种具有不等臂染色体。燕麦属植物D基因组和A基因组间分化程度较小,B基因组有可能是A基因组的变型——A′基因组。普遍观点认为A基因组二倍体物种可能是燕麦属六倍体物种母系亲本,砂燕麦(A.strigosa)为该属多倍体物种A基因组祖先的假说备受争议,有学者认为加那利燕麦(A.canariensis)可能是多倍体物种A或D基因组的供体。燕麦属多倍体物种基因组互换及染色体重排事件,增加燕麦属种间亲缘关系、多倍体物种基因组起源研究的困难。结合基因组学、分子细胞遗传学技术,有望为上述问题提供新证据。     

荧光原位杂交技术在植物学中的应用

荧光原位杂匀技术（fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH）是80年代末才发展起来的一种非放射性原位杂交技术。作为一种新型的细胞分子遗传学技术,目前已广泛应用于细胞遗传学、分子生物学等领域。本文简要综述了该技术的基本原理与特点及其在植物学中的应用,包括在异源染色质的鉴定、染色体物理图谱的构建和染色体RNA及植物基因组进货中的应用。     

Bmrbp1基因在家蚕染色体上的定位(简报)

果蝇是生物性别调控的重要参考模式生物之一,其性别决定是由X染色体与常染色体的比值（X：A）所决定。此性别决定初级信号通过下游基因sex-lethal（sxl）、transformer（tra）、doublesex（dsx）等选择性拼接的级联调控作用,最终使果蝇发育为雌性或雄性。rbp1是参与果蝇雌特异性拼接的一个重要拼接因子,属于丝氨酸精氨酸富集蛋白家族,是常染色体上的单拷贝基因,它通过调节dsx前体mRNA的选择性拼接来调控果蝇的性别。[第一段]     

Dissection and cytological mapping of barley chromosome 2H in the genetic background of common wheat

We used gametocidal (Gc) chromosomes 2C and 3C(SAT) to dissect barley 2H added to common wheat. The Gc chromosome induces chromosomal breakage resulting in chromosomal aberrations in the progeny of the 2H addition line of common wheat carrying the monosomic Gc chromosome. We conducted in situ hybridization to select plants carrying structurally rearranged aberrant 2H chromosomes and characterized them by sequential C-banding and in situ hybridization. We established 66 dissection lines of common wheat carrying single aberrant 2H chromosomes. The aberrant 2H chromosomes were of either deletion or translocation or complicated structural change. Their breakpoints were distributed in the short arm (2HS), centromere (2HC) and the long arm (2HL) at a rough 2HS/2HC/2HL ratio of 2:1:2. We conducted PCR analysis of the 66 dissection lines using 115 EST markers specific to chromosome 2H. Based on the PCR result, we constructed a physical or cytological map of chromosome 2H that were divided into 34 regions separated by the breakpoints of the aberrant 2H chromosomes. Forty-seven markers were present in 2HS and 68 in 2HL. We compared the 2H cytological map with a previously reported 2H genetic map using 44 markers that were used in common to construct both maps. The order of markers in the distal region was the same on both maps but that in the proximal region was somewhat contradictory between the two maps. We found that the markers distributed rather evenly in the genetic map were actually concentrated in the distal regions of both arms as revealed by the cytological map. We also recognized an EST-marker or gene-rich region in the 2HL interstitial region slightly to the telomere.     

An integrated map of Oryza sativa L. chromosome 5

The developments of molecular marker-based genetic linkage maps are now routine. Physical maps based on contigs of large insert genomic clones have been established in several plant species. However, integration of genetic, physical, and cytological maps is still a challenge for most plant species. Here we present an integrated map of rice (Oryza sativa L.) chromosome 5, developed by fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of 18 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones or PI-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) clones on meiotic pachytene chromosomes. Each BAC/PAC clone was anchored by a restriction fragment length polymorphism marker mapped to the rice genetic linkage map. This molecular cytogenetic map shows the genetic recombination and sequence information of a physical map, correlated to the cytological features of rice chromosome 5. Detailed comparisons of the distances between markers on genetic, cytological, and physical maps, revealed the distributions of recombination events and molecular organization of the chromosomal features of rice chromosome 5 at the pachytene stage. Discordance of distances between the markers was found among the different maps. Our results revealed that neither the recombination events nor the degree of chromatin condensation were evenly distributed along the entire length of chromosome 5. Detailed comparisons of the correlative positions of markers on the genetic, cytological, and physical maps of rice chromosome 5 provide insight into the molecular architecture of rice chromosome 5, in relation to its cytological features and recombination events on the genetic map. The prospective applications of such an integrated cytogenetic map are discussed.     

Mapping a new frontier; development of integrated cytogenetic maps in plants

Cytogenetic maps, as the name implies, incorporate data from genetic maps with actual cytological features of chromosomes such as centromeres, knobs and, recently, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signals. Integration of genetic and cytological maps has been accomplished primarily in two ways. The first general strategy is to create a chromosome breakpoint, then determine its cytological position using microscopy, and its position on the genetic map using genetic techniques. A second strategy is by the direct hybridization of genetically mapped sequences onto chromosomes by FISH. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state of this field in plants. We review the history and uses of cytogenetic maps, and discuss future directions based on what we have learned. Electronic Publication