萘乙酸、激动素和伤害对绿豆子叶愈伤组织形成的作用以及和色氨酸、吲(口朶)乙酸生物合成的关系

本文以绿豆子叶为材料研究了切伤、外源萘乙酸及激动素诱导形成愈伤组织的作用及其与内源色氨酸和吲哚乙酸生物合成的关系。实验结果表明,切伤对于愈伤组织的形成具有重要作用,切伤面积的大小与愈伤组织的增殖成正比。在绿豆子叶愈伤组织形成的初期,游离色氨酸和内源吲哚乙酸的水平均降低,而在后期,组织内部游离色氨酸和吲哚乙酸的含量都有增加。在培养基中加入外源色氨酸可以部分代替萘乙酸促进愈伤组织的形成。可以认为,外源激素诱导愈伤组织的形成是通过促进内源色氨酸和内源吲哚乙酸的生物合成而实现的。受伤对愈伤组织的形成也起了重要的协同作用。     

INDOLE ACETIC ACID OXIDASE AND PEROXIDASE ACTIVITIES IN NORMAL AND CROWN GALL TISSUE CULTURES OF PARTHENOCISSUS TRICUSPIDATA

Lipetz , Jacques , and Arthur W. Galston . (Yale U., New Haven.) Indole acetic acid oxidase and peroxidase activities in normal and crown gall tissue cultures of Parthenocissus tricuspidata. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(3) : 193-196. Illus. 1959.—Normal and crown gall cells of P. tricuspidata grown in pure culture were examined for IAA oxidase and peroxidase activities. No IAA oxidase activity could be demonstrated in dialyzed or undialyzed homogenates of either tissue; however, crown gall tissue, but not normal tissue, was found to produce an extracellular IAA oxidase which required Mn⁺⁺ and DCP as co-factors. Normal tissue, but not crown gall tissue was found to contain high levels of substances which spared IAA from destruction by a pea IAA oxidase preparation. Peroxidase activity was found to be higher in normal than in crown gall homogenates, but crown gall tissue released considerably more peroxidase into the external medium. The differences in the auxin requirements and growth rate between normal and crown gall cells appear not to be easily explicable in terms of differential auxin destruction.     

STUDIES ON THE GROWTH OF FRUIT BODY OF FUNGI: III. OCCURRENCE, FORMATION AND DESTRUCTION OF INDOLE ACETIC ACID IN THE FRUIT BODY OF AGARICUS BISPORUS (LANGE) SING

Considerable amounts of auxin, mostly IAA, in acid and boundforms, occur in gills, pilei and stipes of the mushroom, Agaricusbisporus. Stipe elongation is not stimulated by applicationof IAA. The juice squeezed from the fruit body has an activity to convertL-tryptophan into IAA. This activity is not lost by heating.The substance(s) responsible for it passes through cellophane,and is insoluble in some organic solvents, such as petroleumether and benzene. The amount of IAA produced depends exactlyon the amount of the extraction residue used for the reaction.Since the activity decreases as thiosulfate is added increasingly,the active principle seems to be some strong oxidizing substance(s). ¹ This paper was read on October 25th, 1958, at the 23rd annualmeeting of the Botanical Society of Japan, held at Fukuoka,Japan. ² This investigation has been aided by a grant from the ROCKEFELLERFoundaion. ³ Present Address: J. W. GIBBS Research Laboratory, Departmentof Botany, Yale University. New Haven, Conn., U.S.A. (Received June 6, 1961; )     

肝脏注射醋酸引起局部坏死的实验研究

本实验的目的是证实醋酸可引起肝局部坏死,并且作用强于无水乙醇。对鼠肝局部注射醋酸后,从大体及组织学改变观察局部坏死情况并寻找最适浓度。结果发现醋酸可引起注射局部坏死完全,与周围分界非常清晰,其中５０％醋酸引起的坏死区平均直径最大,且明显优于无水乙醇。提示醋酸可以作为一种制剂,用于局部注射治疗肝癌。     

乙酸对重组大肠杆菌生长及外源基因表达的影响

在重组基因工程菌ＤＨ５α（ＰＧ－ＦＧＦ）的高密度培养过程中,发现培养液中有大量代谢副产物－乙酸的产生和积累,乙酸的存在抑制了工程菌的生长及外源基因的表达。研究了乙酸在Ｍｇ培养基中对工程菌ＤＨ５α（ＰＧ－ＦＧＦ）生长及外源基因表达的影响。结果表明,乙酸的存在不仅导致重组菌生长速率的降低及延迟期的增长,而且对外源基因产物的表达具有强烈的抑制作用,这为该工程菌的高密度培养及外源基因产物的高表达打下了基础。     

乙酸对重组大肠杆菌生长及个源基因表达的影响

在重组基因工程菌ＤＨ５α（ＰＧ－ＦＧＦ）的高密度培养过程中,发现培养液中有大量代谢副产物－乙酸的产生和积累,乙酸的存在抑制了工程菌的生长及外源的表达。研究民乙酸在Ｍ９培养基中对工程菌ＤＨ５α（ＰＧ－ＦＧＦ）及生长外源基因表达的影响。结果表明,乙酸的存在不仅导致重组菌生长速率的降低及延迟期的增长,而且对外源基因产物的表达具有强烈的抑制作用,这为该工程菌的高密度培养及外源基因产物的高表达打下了基础。     

COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF GIBBERELLIN AND INDOLE COMPOUNDS ON THE INDUCTION OF PARTHENOCARPY IN SEXUALLY INCOMPATIBLE PERESKIA ACULEATA

Sachar , R. C. (U. Delhi, India.) Comparative effects of gibberellin and indole compounds on the induction of parthenocarpy in sexually incompatible Pereskia aculeata. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(9): 913–917. Illus. 1962.—The effects of indoleacetic acid (IAA), indolebutyric acid (IBA), gibberellin (G) and gibberellic acid (GA) were studied on the fruit growth of the sexually incompatible Pereskia. Under natural conditions, this plant did not produce any fruits and seeds, and the flowers abscised a week after anthesis. IAA (50–500 ppm) delayed the formation of an abscission layer by another 2 weeks, but it was ineffective in inducing parthenocarpy. IBA (50–500 ppm) induced fruit-set in only 15% of the flowers. Best response was achieved by G (100–500 ppm), or GA (100–500 ppm), which gave 100% fruit-set. The effect of GA in inducing parthenocarpy was not inhibited when used in conjunction with IAA. Maximum size of the fruits was obtained with 2 sprayings of GA, and subsequent sprays were of no consequence. Further, fruit size was the largest when GA or G was sprayed at anthesis, or on old flower buds, but it was much less when the chemicals were sprayed on young flower buds. There was no stimulation of the growth of ovules; instead, a translucent mucilaginous placental tissue developed within the cavity of the fruit wall. Attempts were made to culture ovules and the placental tissue on artificial nutrient medium, but without success.