ZNF230/荧光蛋白融合基因表达载体的构建及其在Cos细胞中的表达与定位

为了用绿色荧光蛋白标记观察人类无精症相关基因ZNF230在Cos7细胞中的蛋白质表达及定位,用PCR方法扩增得到突变的人和小鼠mt ZNF230和mt znf230基因,使其3′端的终止密码TGA突变为TGG,并装入T 载体,双酶切后通过定向克隆将其与真核表达载体pEGFP N1的绿色荧光蛋白(greenfluorescenceprotein,GFP)基因融合,构建了ZNF230—荧光蛋白融合基因表达载体。然后经真核表达质粒-脂质体介导,导入Cos7细胞系。荧光显微镜观察显示:在空白载体pEGFP N1转染的Cos细胞中荧光布满整个细胞,而在转染阳性载体pEGFP ZNF230和pEGFP znf230的Cos细胞中荧光主要聚集在细胞核中。表明转染的Cos细胞系能高效表达人ZNF230和小鼠znf230蛋白,ZNF230基因表达的蛋白定位于细胞核内。     

Silencing of Bcl-XL Expression in Human MGC-803 Gastric Cancer Cells by siRNA

To investigate the inhibitory effect of the Bcl-XL small interfering RNA(siRNA)on BcI-XLgene expression in the human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803,green fluorescent protein(GFP)siRNAwas constructed and transfected into MGC-803 ceils,together with GFP expression vector pTrace SV40.GFP expression levels were observed using fluorescence microscopy.Bcl-XL siRNA and negative siRNAwere then constructed and stably transfected into MGC-803 cells.RT-PCR and immunofluorescence wereused to detect the expression of Bcl-XL.Spontaneous apoptosis was detected by acridine orange(AO)andflow cytometry.Results were as follows:(1)48 h after GFP expression vector and GFP siRNA co-transfection,the expression level of GFP in the GFP siRNA group was much lower than the negative siRNA group,according to fluorescence microscopy results.The mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-XL in Bcl-XL siRNAstable transfectants were reduced to almost background level compared with negative siRNA transfectantsor untreated cells.(2)Changes in nucleus morphology was observed by AO staining nucleic and flowcytometry analysis,which showed that stable Bcl-XL siRNA transfectants have an increased spontaneousapoptosis (21.17%+1.26% vs.1.19%+0.18% and 1.56%+0.15% respectively,P<0.05 vs.negative siRNAor untreated control),siRNA targeting GFP or Bcl-XL genes can specifically suppress GFP or BcI-XLexpression in MGC-803 cells,and Bcl-XL siRNA can increase spontaneous apoptosis.Bcl-XL siRNA maybe a beneficial agent against human gastric adenocarcinoma.     

脂质体介导外源基因体外转染牛胎儿成纤维细胞条件的优化

通过脂质体（FuGENE-6）介导,将真核表达载体pEGFP-C1成功导入体外培养的牛胎儿成纤维细胞,探讨影响外源基因转染效率的参数,如DNA和脂质体的用量、转染的细胞数量以及细胞暴露于DNA与脂质体复合物的时间长度。通过实验发现,绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein,GFP）基因的表达随DNA、脂质体量的增加而增加,延长细胞暴露时间反而使转染效率下降,转染细胞数适当才能得到较高的转化率。 Optimization of Parameters of Exogene Transfection of Bovine Fetal Fibroblasts in vitro Mediated by Liposome LI Yang,WU Kai-feng,GUO Xu-dong,GUO Ji-tong,BOU Shor-gan The Research Center for Laboratory Animal Science of Inner Mongolia University,The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Mammal Reproduction Biology and Biotechnology,Huhhot 010021,China Abstract:pEGFP-C1 eucaryon expression vector was successfully transfected by liposome into bovine fetal fibroblasts.We investigated the effect of parameter such as the dose of DNA and liposome,number of cell transfected and exposure time of the cell to the DNA-liposome complexes.It was indicated that GFP（green fluorescent protein）expression was enhanced as the dose of DNA and liposome increased and on decline as the exposure time was prolonged.The improvement of transfection efficiency depent on the suitable cell number. Key words：liposome; GFP; bovine fetal fibroblasts; transfection     

Changes of DHN1 expression and subcellular distribution in A. delicisoa cells under osmotic stress

The changes of DHN1 expression and subcellular distribution in A. delicisoa cells under osmotic stress were studied by using GFP as a reporter molecule. Through creating the Xba I and BamH I restriction sites at the ends of dhn1 by PCR, the expression vector for the fusion protein DHN1-mGFP4 was constructed by cloning dhn1 into plasmid pBIN-35SmGFP4. Then the DHN1-mGFP4 expression vector was transformed into A. delicisoa suspension cells by micropro-jectile bombardment method. Bright green fluorescence of GFP which shows the high-level expression of DHN1-mGFP4 was visualized after culture for 10 h. However, the green fluorescence was only located within the nucleus. By increasing the culture medium osmotic potential, the green fluorescence was visualized in the cytoplasm (mainly around the plasma membranes). The generation of GFP fluorescence in the cytoplasm was also promoted by increasing the medium osmotic potential. Moreover, GFP green fluorescence was abolished by protein synthesis inhibitor dicyclo     

Silencing of Bcl-XL expression in human MGC-803 gastric cancer cells by siRNA

To investigate the inhibitory effect of the Bcl-XL small interfering RNA （siRNA） on Bcl-XL gene expression in the human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803, green fluorescent protein （GFP） siRNA was constructed and transfected into MGC-803 cells, together with GFP expression vector pTrace SV40.GFP expression levels were observed using fluorescence microscopy. Bcl-XL siRNA and negative siRNA were then constructed and stably transfected into MGC-803 cells. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of Bcl-XL. Spontaneous apoptosis was detected by acridine orange （AO） and flow cytometry. Results were as follows： （1） 48 h after GFP expression vector and GFP siRNA co-transfection,the expression level of GFP in the GFP siRNA group was much lower than the negative siRNA group,according to fluorescence microscopy results. The mRNA and protein levels of Bcl-XL in Bcl-XL siRNA stable transfectants were reduced to almost background level compared with negative siRNA transfectants or untreated cells. （2） Changes in nucleus morphology was observed by AO staining nucleic and flow cytometry analysis, which showed that stable Bcl-XL siRNA transfectants have an increased spontaneous apoptosis （21.17%± 1.26% vs. 1.19%±0.18% and 1.56%±0.15% respectively, P〈0.05 vs. negative siRNA or untreated control）, siRNA targeting GFP or Bcl-XL genes can specifically suppress GFP or Bcl-XL expression in MGC-803 cells, and Bcl-XL siRNA can increase spontaneous apoptosis. Bcl-XL siRNA may be a beneficial agent against human gastric adenocarcinoma.     

Rescue and Preliminary Application of a Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein Gene

Based on the complete genome sequence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) ZJI strain, seven pairs of primers were designed to amplify a cDNA fragment for constructing the plasmid pNDV/ZJI, which contained the full-length cDNA of the NDV ZJI strain. The pNDV/ZJI, with three helper plasmids, pCIneoNP, pCIneoP and pCIneoL, were then cotransfected into BSR-T7/5 cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase. After inoculation of the transfected cell culture supernatant into embryonated chicken eggs from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) flock, an infectious NDV ZJI strain was successfully rescued. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was amplified and inserted into the NDV full-length cDNA to generate a GFP-tagged recombinant plasmid pNDV/ZJIGFP. After cotransfection of the resultant plasmid and the three support plasmids into BSR-T7/5 cells, the recombinant NDV, NDV/ZJIGFP, was rescued. Specific green fluorescence was observed in BSR-T7/5 and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells 48h post-infection, indicating that the GFP gene was expressed at a relatively high level. NDV/ZJIGFP was inoculated into 10-day-old SPF chickens by oculonasal route. Four days post-infection, strong green fluorescence could be detected in the kidneys and tracheae, indicating that the recombinant GFP-tagged NDV could be a very useful tool for analysis of NDV dissemination and pathogenesis.     

Inhibition of metastasis to lung of a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2L2 transfected with pRc/CMV-antisense 6A8 cDNA in nude mice

The growth of CNE-2L2 cell, a cloned line of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma with a high potentiality of metastasis to lung was inhibited to a certain extent after transfection with a recombinant antisense expression vector of a cDNA encoding a human α-mannosidase (pRc/CMV-antisense 6A8 cDNA)( the Genbank accession number of 6A8 cDNA is U37248) in comparison with that of the cell transfected with the Mock and of the wild cell. Two months after a subcutaneous inoculation of CNE-2L2 cell into the axilla of nude mice metastatic lesions in the lung were observed in 9/10 mice (90%) with grade Ⅲ in 8 mice and grade Ⅱ in one mouse in the wild cell group, in 6/8 mice (75%) with grade Ⅲ in one mouse, grade Ⅱ in 2 mice and grade Ⅰ in 3 mice in the Mock-transfection group, in only 3/10 mice (30%) with all grade Ⅰ in pRc/CMV-antisense 6A8 cDNA-transfection group.     

The developmental fate of green fluorescent mouse embryonic germ cells in chimeric embryos

Primordial germ cells (PGCs),as precursors of mammalian germ lineage,have been gaining more attention as a new resource of pluripotent stem cells,which bring a great possibility to study developmental events of germ cell in vitro and at animal level.EG4 cells derived from 10.5 days post coitum (dpc) PGCs of 129/svJ strain mouse were established and maintained in an undifferentiated state.With an attempt to study the differentiation capability of EG4 cells with a reporter protein:green fluorescence protein,and the possible application of EG4 cells in the research of germ cell development,we have generated several EG4-GFP cell lines expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and still maintaining typical characteristics of pluripotent stem cells.Then,the differentiation of EG4-GFP cells in vitro as well as their developmental fate in chimeric embryos which were produced by aggregating EG4-GFP cells to 8-cell stage embryos were studied.The results showed that EG4 cells carrying green fluorescence have a potential use in the research of germ cell development and other related studies.     

Embryo and Endosperm Function and Failure inSolanumSpecies and Hybrids

Although the importance of the endosperm as a food store inmany angiosperm seeds is well known, its significance duringearly embryogenesis has been neglected. In many interspecifichybrids, and in some other situations, embryos do not developfully and abort. It has often been stated that this is causedby the endosperm failing to conduct sufficient nutrients tothe embryo, but seldom has it been suggested that the endospermactively controls most of the early stages of morphogenesisof the embryo. Information gleaned from a broad survey of theliterature, combined with additional evidence presented here,obtained fromSolanum incanumand interspecific hybrids, indicatethat the endosperm is dynamic and very active in regulatingearly embryo development. This requires highly integrated geneticcontrol of rapidly changing metabolism in the endosperm. Ininterspecific hybrids, lack of coordination may cause unbalancedproduction of growth regulating substances by the endospermand hence abortion of the embryo, or even unregulated productionof nucleases and proteases resulting firstly in autolysis ofthe endosperm and then digestion of the embryo. The endospermmay thus serve to detect inappropriate hybridization of speciesor ploidy levels and so prevent waste of resources by producingseeds that would result in sterile hybrids or unthrifty subsequentgenerations. This discriminatory function of the endosperm hasdiminished during evolution and domestication of the crop plantSolanummelongenaL.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company Solanum, embryo morphogenesis, endosperm, hybrid, seed development.     

HIFs and tumors--causes and consequences

For most organisms oxygen is essential fo life. When oxygen levels drop below those required to maintain the minimum physiological oxygen requirement of an organism or tissue it is termed hypoxia. To counter act possible deleterious effects of such a state, an immediate molecular response is initiated causing adaptation responses aimed at cell survival. This response is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha- and a beta-subunit. HIF-1 alpha protein is stabilized under hypoxic conditions and therefore confers selectivity to this response. Hypoxia is characteristic of tumors, mainly because of impaired blood supply resulting from abnormal growth. Over the past few years enormous progress has been made in the attempt to understand how the activation of the physiological response to hypoxia influences neoplastic growth. In this review some aspects of HIF-1 pathway activation in tumors and the consequences for pathophysiology and treatment of neoplasia are discussed.     

环腺苷酸应答元件结合蛋白与学习记忆

环腺苷酸(cAMP)应答元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element binding protein,CREB)是一种核转录因子,可与cAMP反应元件结合,调节基因转录,具有调节精子生成,昼夜节律,学习记忆等功能.近年来关于其在学习记忆中的作用成为医学研究热点.CREB是神经元内多条信息传递途径的汇聚点,参与长时记忆形成和突触可塑性.长时记忆(long-term memory)形成需依赖CREB介导的基因转录,干扰或抑制CREB活性可破坏长时记忆.长时程增强(long-term potentiation,LTP)是研究学习记忆的理想模型,在LTP诱导和维持过程中均可观察到CREB活性持续升高.但增龄过程中,海马CREB活性下降,影响学习记忆功能,与许多神经退行性疾病发生有关.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.