中国花天牛亚科一新纪录种——拉维花天牛

记述采自云南和西藏的中国花天牛亚科1新纪录种,拉维花天牛Leptura lavinia Gahan,1906。检视标本保存在广西师范大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室。     

台湾天牛新种林氏直脊天牛描述(鞘翅目,天牛科,沟胫天牛亚科,楔天牛族)

描述了台湾天牛新种林氏直脊天牛,给出了成虫整体彩色照片和外生殖器照片,并提供了生态照片.正模标本保存在台湾国立自然科学博物馆,副模标本分批保存在中国科学院动物研究所及数个私人收藏馆.     

中国锯翅天牛属一新纪录种及黑翅锯翅天牛雄性描记(鞘翅目,天牛科,天牛亚科)(英文)

报道了采自中国云南省的天牛科锯翅天牛属1新纪录种,银毛锯翅天牛Microdebilissa argentifera(Holzschuh,1984),详细描述了新纪录种的形态特征;补充描述了黑翅锯翅天牛 Microdebilissa atripennis(Pu,1992)的雄性特征;提供了分布于中国的锯翅天牛属的昆虫名录。研究标本保存于西南大学昆虫标本馆。     

异色跗虎天牛的种内变异探讨及再描述(鞘翅目,天牛科,天牛亚科)

对2011年6月采自云南勐仑的73头异色跗虎天牛Perissus mutabilis Gahan,1894标本进行研究,发现该种73号标本在鞘翅斑纹、前足爪开式、前胸背板颜色及斑点、后足腿节长度存在不同程度的差异,研究认为上述特征不宜用作该种分类鉴定的特征。红胸跗虎天牛Perissus mutabilis vitabilis Pic,1923和黑胸跗虎天牛Perissus mutabilis obscuricolorPic,1937依据部分上述特征建立,且特征出现交叉,分布区域与指名亚种异色跗虎天牛P.mutabilis mutabilis Gahan,1894重叠,建议取消红胸跗虎天牛P.mutabilis vitabilis Pic,1923和黑胸跗虎天牛P.mutabilis obscuricolor Pic,19372个亚种。并对异色跗虎天牛P.mutabilis Gahan,1894进行重描述。     

膜花天牛属五新种及一新记录(鞘翅目:天牛科, 花天牛亚科)

膜花天牛属(Necydalis)以往隶属于花天牛亚科Lepturinae,70年代以来,日本、苏联某些天牛分类专家主张膜花天牛族Necydalini从花天牛亚科独立出来,提升为亚科级,即Necydalinae,鉴于我们对该族缺乏成虫翅脉及幼虫的研究,因此本文仍将该族归入花天牛亚科。该族在我国包括两个属,即膜花天牛属及蜂花天牛属(Ulochaetes),     

中国白条天牛属比较形态学研究(鞘翅目,天牛科,沟胫天牛亚科,白条天牛族)

比较研究了白条天牛属10种的外部形态特征.结果表明:颊、触角、前胸背板斑纹、鞘翅斑纹、鞘翅基部瘤突、中胸后侧片、前足第1跗节等外部形态特征在白条天牛属中具有种间分类学意义.上颚基部、腹部第7节腹板形状、触角长度可用于雌雄鉴别.通过比较云斑白条天牛Batocera lineolata Chevrolat,1852与多斑白条天牛Batocera horsfieldi(Hope,1839)的外部形态与雄性外生殖器特征,结果表明上述两种均为有效种.     

北京的脊虎天牛属分类研究(鞘翅目:天牛科)

对分布于北京的10种脊虎天牛属甲虫开展了分类研究,恢复了北京脊虎天牛Xylotrechus pekingensis Pic,1939的地位,不再是宽带脊虎天牛Xylotrechus yanoi Gressitt,1934的异名,报道了本种在河北和陕西的新分布记录.提出双带脊虎天牛Xylotrechus bifenestratus Pic,1916是四带脊虎天牛Xylotrechus polyzonus (Fairmaire,1888)的新异名,两者的模式标本均产自北京.本文还报道了3种北京新记录种:显纹脊虎天牛X.ibex (Gebler,1825)、葡脊虎天牛X.pyrrhoderus Bates,1873和黑胸脊虎天牛X.robusticollis (Pic,1936).通过检视标本,很多新的分布信息被加入到相关的种类.最后本文提供了分布于北京的10种脊虎天牛属甲虫的分种检索表.     

中国瘦棍腿天牛属一新记录种（鞘翅目：天牛科：天牛亚科）

记述中国瘦棍腿天牛属1新记录种:白腹瘦棍腿天牛Stenodryas ventralis(Gahan, 1906)。简述了该种的形态特征,提供了瘦棍腿天牛属中国已知记录种的检索表。研究标本保存在西南大学昆虫标本馆。     

黄斑星天牛和光肩星天牛的数值分类研究(鞘翅目:天牛科)

本文选取不同地区的黄斑星天牛Anoplophora nobilis(Ganglbauer)、光肩星天牛A. glabripennis(Motsch ulsky)及类似的有代表性的雄性个体作为分类单位(OUT),利用27个性状,分别进行了不同相似性系数基础上的UPGMA法及等价类的模糊聚类法Q型分析,R型聚类分析,也进行了主成分分析研究,结果是一致的.A. nobilis及分布于北方的A. glabripennis不仅在表型图上形成差异很大的两类元,而且在成虫、雄性外生殖器和幼虫上都存在系列特征差异,认为是两个不同的物种,种级相似性系数水平在四个Q分类结果中分别是1.75、1.38、0.15和0.77.以四川为分布中心的A. glabripennis和西北的相比达到种级水平,表现出系列特征差异,认为它们可能是两个不同的物种.     

中国花天牛亚科一新纪录属及一新种记述(鞘翅目,天牛科)

记述了中国花天牛亚科1新纪录属角花天牛属Munamizoa Matsushitaet Tamanuki,1940及1新种长白山角花天牛Munamizoa changbaishanensis sp.nov.,模式标本采自吉林省长白山,保存在北华大学林学院昆虫标本室。     

Comparative morphological study on the genus Leptura Linnaeus of China(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lepturinae)

A comparative morphological research was done based on the morphological characters of 21 species from Leptura in this paper. The results indicated that 18 morphological characters, such as the ratio of the lower eye lobe to genae, the relative length of antennae segments, the shape of maxillary palpi apex, prothorax, elytra apex and elytral maculae can be used to identify species in the genus. Meanwhile, the color of elytra and the size of elytral maculae could not be used to identify species from Leptura. In addition, the shape of 7th abdominally sternal apex, the length of antennae and the ratio of the first hind tarsal segment to the second can be used to distinguish the male and the female.     

AGE, GROWTH AND MATURATION OF THE SQUID ENOPLOTEUTHIS LEPTURA (OEGOPSIDA: ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE) FROM THE CENTRAL-EAST ATLANTIC

Fifty-nine specimens of the tropical epipelagic eno-ploteuthidEnoplotcuthis leptura were collected in the central-east Atlanticbetween 1986–1988. Statoliths were extracted from allspecimens (mantle length (ML) 4.1–92 mm) and processedunder the statolith ageing technique. The characteristic featureof statolith morphology in E. leptura is a sculpture of therostrum, which is covered by numerous tiny spines and knobs.In the ground statolith it was possible to distinguish fourmain growth zones consisting of narrow growth increments likethose in other squids studied. Allometric growth of statolithsversus ML is negative. E. leptura is a short-lived squid witha half-year life span. Growth rates of E. leptura are high atjuvenile stage (instantaneous rate of growth (G) of body weight(BW) 0.04–0.06). An early maturation of males (at age45–60 days) and females (at 80–90 days) causes asharp decrease of somatic growth of E. leptura, and mature squidhave low growth rates (G of BW - 0.OO3-O.0O5). Spawning takesplace between January and September with two peaks: in Januaryand in June-July. (Received 22 November 1992; accepted 15 February 1993)     

MONOMORPHISM,REDUCED GENE FLOW,AND CLEISTOGAMY IN RARE AND COMMON SPECIES OF LESPEDEZA (FABACEAE)

Population genetic structure was analyzed in the rare, native prairie legume Lespedeza leptostachya Engelm. and in the widespread L. capitata Michx. Both species produce a mixture of chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers. Allozymes were analyzed for 32 loci from 224 individuals from 12 populations of L. leptostachya and for 34 loci in 291 individuals from 12 populations of L. capitata. L. leptostachya is entirely monomorphic at all loci studied, while L. capitata shows strong among-population differentiation for the limited variation that occurs in that species. Allozyme data suggest that the level of gene flow among populations of L. capitata is very low, and that very low levels of outcrossing are effected by the chasmogamous flowers in L. capitata.     

ALLOZYME VARIATION WITHIN AND BETWEEN LASTHENIA MINOR AND ITS DERIVATIVE SPECIES,L. MARITIMA (ASTERACEAE)

Enzyme electrophoresis was employed to examine genetic variation at 20 loci in 16 populations of Lasthenia minor and 18 populations of its presumed derivative species L. maritima. The purposes of the study were to ascertain levels of genetic variation in each species, to assess how the variation at enzyme-coding genes is apportioned within and among populations of each species, and to determine the level of divergence between the two species. The two species are both diploid annuals, similar morphologically, and produce fertile F₁ hybrids when crossed. Lasthenia minor is self-incompatible and restricted to mainland California, whereas L. maritima is self-compatible and probably largely autogamous; it occurs on seabird rocks from central California to British Columbia. Mean genetic identities for pair-wise comparisons of populations of the two species are similar to values for populations of the same species, indicating they have not diverged at the 20 genes coding for soluble enzymes. Despite its more extensive geographical range, L. maritima exhibits only 50% of the genetic diversity of L. minor. The latter species apportions a greater amount of its diversity within populations, whereas the former harbors more diversity among populations than within them. This is probably a reflection of the different breeding systems of the two species. Six unique alleles were detected in L. minor, whereas only one novel allele was found in a single individual of L. maritima. The electrophoretic data are concordant with the suggestion that L. maritima is relatively recently derived from L. minor. The switch from outcrossing to selfing and selection of genotypes adapted to the chemically and physically unusual substrate on the seabird rocks are considered the critical steps in the evolution of L. maritima.     

ISOZYME DIVERGENCE BETWEEN EASTERN ASIAN,NORTH AMERICAN,AND TURKISH SPECIES OF LIQUIDAMBAR (HAMAMELIDACEAE)

The deciduous woody genus Liquidambar has four morphologically similar species in eastern and western Asia, eastern North America, and Central America. Liquidambar styraciflua is found in the eastern United States and Central America, L. orientalis is native only to southwest Turkey, and L. formosana and L. acalycina occur in eastern Asia. This genus is one of many that contributes to the floristic similarities observed between these different regions. Allelic variation was scored at 22 isozyme loci from 41 populations. The level of genetic divergence between species on different continents is high. Nei's genetic identity was 0.431 between L. formosana and L. styraciflua, 0.485 between L. acalycina and L. styraciflua, 0.512 between L. orientalis and L. styraciflua, 0.256 between L. formosana and L. orientalis, and 0.305 between L. acalycina and L. orientalis. Estimates of time of divergence from the isozyme data suggest that the current species diverged before or during the Miocene. The pattern of relationships portrayed by the isozyme data suggest a longer period of separation between the eastern and western Asian forms of this genus. In addition, the eastern North American and Turkish species appear to be the most closely related intercontinental pair of species providing evidence for a North Atlantic land bridge as late as the Miocene. It would appear, therefore, that the North American populations were in contact with the Asian populations over the North Pacific and North Atlantic possibly as late as the Miocene, but that the separation between the two Asian populations occurred much earlier. The time of divergence as measured from the isozyme data correlates with an independent assessment of the origin of these disjuncts as determined from the fossil record.     

(D)- AND (L)-CYCLOHEXENYL-G,A NEW CLASS OF ANTIVIRAL AGENTS: SYNTHESIS,CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS,MOLECULAR MODELING,AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

(D)- and (L)-cyclohexeneyl-G were synthesized enantioselectively starting from (R)-carvone. Both show potent and selective anti-herpesvirus activity (HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, CMV). Molecular modeling demonstrates that both isomers are bound in the active site of HSV-1 thymidine kinase in a high-energy conformation with the base moiety orienting in an equatorial position. It is believed that the flexibility of the cyclohexene ring is essential for their antivirial activity.     

MORPHOLOGY,INHERITANCE, AND EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE OF SEX REVERSAL IN TRIPSACUM DACTYLOIDES (POACEAE)

Inflorescences of Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. (Andropogoneae) are characterized by single female spikelets at one to several basal nodes and paired male spikelets at several nodes above them on each raceme. Female spikelets are one-flowered and male spikelets are two-flowered. A sex form variant was found in a wild population in north central Kansas and classified as T. dactyloides (L.) L. forma prolificum Dayton et Dewald. The variant of this native distant relative of maize (Zea mays L. spp. mays) differs from the normal form by having both pistillate and perfect rather than staminate spikelets in the terminal (tassel) portion of the inflorescence and by having two functional pistillate florets in the basal spikelets instead of one. A recessive major gene at a single locus regulates the change of the inflorescence from monoecious to gynomonoecious.     

THE ORIGIN AND RELATIONSHIPS OF LASTHENIA BURKEI (COMPOSITAE)

Lasthenia burkei (Compositae) is a narrowly restricted California endemic closely related to L. conjugens and L. fremontii. These three species differ from each other by pappus and phyllary characters and in geographical distribution. All are freely intercrossable, but L. fremontii forms rather sterile artificial hybrids with its two relatives which, in turn, form fairly fertile artificial hybrids with each other. Lasthenia burkei and L. conjugens have homologous chromosomes, four of which are homologous with four of those of L. fremontii. The remaining two chromosomes probably have reciprocal translocations which lead to multivalent formation during meiosis in interspecific hybrids. Pollen viability is restored in most F₂ generations, suggesting a close genetic relationship among the three species. The evolutionary relationship among these species may be a linear one with L. burkei occupying an intermediate position between L. fremontii and L. conjugens, although the direction of this linear phylogeny is not certain, or it may be one in which L. burkei has been derived from hybridization between its two relatives. Support for the latter hypothesis comes from the appearance of some individuals in F₁ progenies of L. conjugens × L. fremontii that are morphologically indistinguishable from L. burkei (although fairly sterile). The apparently rather simple genetic basis for the morphological characteristics of each of the species in this trio suggests that the morphologically heterogeneous genus Lasthenia may be considerably more homogeneous genetically than might be suspected. Because of the diverse kinds of relationships among these three Lasthenias, possible alternative taxonomies for the group are dependent upon those relationships that a taxonomist wishes to communicate. Nevertheless, the patterns of diversification in this group have led to reaffirmation of an earlier decision that three species should be recognized.