Increased Expression of Enzymes of Triglyceride Synthesis Is Essential for the Development of Hepatic Steatosis

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Highlights? Epigenetic alterations cause hepatic steatosis in old mice ? Increase of enzymes of TG synthesis is involved in age-related steatosis ? p300-C/EBPα/β complexes cause activation of enzymes of TG synthesis ? The p300-C/EBP pathway is activated in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease     

Transcriptional Cofactor TBLR1 Controls Lipid Mobilization in White Adipose Tissue

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Highlights? TBLR1 controls cAMP-dependent lipolysis in adipocytes ? Adipocyte-specific deletion of TBLR1 in mice impairs fasting-induced lipolysis ? Lack of TBLR1 in adipocytes aggravates diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction ? TBLR1 mRNA levels in WAT are elevated under lipolytic conditions in mice and humans     

Multiscale Simulations Reveal Conserved Patterns of Lipid Interactions with Aquaporins

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Highlights? Multiscale MD simulations predict the interactions of lipids with membrane proteins ? The method is evaluated via comparison with the structure of Aqp0 in a membrane ? Simulations of aquaporins reveal a broadly conserved protein/lipid interface ? The results suggest interchange between annular and bulk lipids     

Efficient Retrograde Transport of Pseudorabies Virus within Neurons Requires Local Protein Synthesis in Axons

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Highlights? Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection stimulates local protein synthesis in axons ? Infection induces the synthesis of LIS1, peripherin, and annexin A2 in axons ? Axonal inhibition of protein synthesis retards retrograde PRV capsid transport ? Prior damage in axons significantly reduces retrograde PRV capsid transport     

OTUB1 co-opts Lys48-linked ubiquitin recognition to suppress E2 enzyme function

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Highlights? Identification of OTUB1 mutants with impaired ability to inhibit E2 enzymes ? Crystal structure of a ubiquitin-charged E2 bound to OTUB1 ? Molecular basis of Lys48-linked ubiquitin chain recognition by OTUB1 determined ? OTUB1 employs product inhibition mimicry to inhibit E2 enzymes     

The cysteine regulatory complex from plants and microbes: what was old is new again

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Highlights? Physical organization of enzymes plays an important role in metabolism. ? Two enzymes in plants and bacteria form the cysteine regulatory complex (CRC). ? In plants, the CRC modulates cysteine biosynthesis in response to sulfur state. ? Recent insights on this multi-enzyme complex suggest new research directions.     

Y-Family Polymerase Conformation Is a Major Determinant of Fidelity and Translesion Specificity

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Highlights? Y-family polymerases differ in fidelity and translesion synthesis specificity ? Polymerase fidelity and specificity are controlled by the interdomain linker ? Three amino acids in the interdomain linker are sufficient to determine conformation ? Differences in polymerase conformation determine differences in polymerase activity     

Direct and Indirect Gene Regulation by a Life-Extending FOXO Protein in C. elegans: Roles for GATA Factors and Lipid Gene Regulators

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Highlights? DAF-16 regulates genes both cell autonomously and cell nonautonomously ? DAF-16 can act at in the endoderm to delay muscle aging ? DAF-16 can act at a distance to protect animals from amyloid paralysis ? Cell-non-autonomous gene regulation by DAF-16 involves the lipid-gene regulator MDT-15     

Structural basis for substrate targeting and catalysis by fungal polysaccharide monooxygenases

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Highlights? 1.1/1.37 Å polysaccharide monooxygenases structures have active-site dioxygen species ? The structures reveal a large variance in substrate binding surfaces ? Proposed electron transport pathways in polysaccharide monooxygenases are conserved ? Polysaccharide monooxygenases and CBM₃₃ enzymes likely bind substrates differently     

The prereplication complex recruits XEco2 to chromatin to promote cohesin acetylation in Xenopus egg extracts

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Highlights? XEco2 loading and cohesin acetylation require pre-RC assembly but not DNA synthesis ? Two N-terminal motifs in XEco2 are essential for XEco2 loading and cohesion ? The PIP box in XEco2 contributes to cohesion ? Interaction of acetylated cohesin with DNA is stabilized after DNA replication     

Cotranslational Response to Proteotoxic Stress by Elongation Pausing of Ribosomes

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Highlights? Proteotoxic stress reduces global protein synthesis by influencing elongation ? Proteotoxic stress induces ribosome pausing on mRNAs in the first 50 codons ? Molecular chaperones facilitate translation elongation by binding to nascent chains ? Ribosomes fine tune elongation rate in response to proteotoxic stress     

Lipid metabolism in microalgae distinguishes itself

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Highlights► Triacylglycerol assembly in microalgae might occur at plastid envelopes. ► Starch-less mutants provide clues for the engineering of carbon partitioning in algae. ► New algal species emerge as models for lipid and biofuel research.     

SIP1 Mediates Cell-Fate Decisions between Neuroectoderm and Mesendoderm in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Highlights? Smad-interacting protein 1 (SIP1) regulates hESC differentiation ? SIP1 upregulation promotes neuroectodermal differentiation ? SIP1 inhibits mesendodermal and endodermal differentiation ? SMAD2/3 and NANOG/OCT4/SOX2 cooperatively regulate SIP1 expression     

The galactosaminoglycan-containing decorin and its impact on diseases

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Highlights? Mutation in the decorin gene causes opacity. ? Gene involved in the synthesis of CS/DS of decorin leads to defects in dermal collagen fibrils. ? Genes involved in the sulfation of CS/DS also lead to altered dermal collagen fibrils. ? Lack of decorin and changes in CS/DS structures might lead to an altered cell signaling.     

Keeping cell identity in Arabidopsis requires PRC1 RING-finger homologs that catalyze H2A monoubiquitination

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Highlights? AtBMI1A/B proteins prevent misexpression of embryonic traits in somatic cells ? PRC2 and AtBMI1A/B proteins maintain cells in their differentiated state ? AtBMI1A/B proteins mediate H2A monoubiquitination     

Evidence for Geomagnetic Imprinting as a Homing Mechanism in Pacific Salmon

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Highlights? Sockeye salmon use geomagnetic imprinting as a homing mechanism ? The homing route of salmon is predicted by magnetic field drift (secular variation)     

Endothelial Cells Are Essential for the Self-Renewal and Repopulation of Notch-Dependent Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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Highlights? Coculture with endothelial cells promotes HSC expansion and self-renewal ? Endothelial cell effect on HSCs mediated by Notch signaling ? In vivo, sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) express Notch ligands ? Blocking vessel remodeling impairs hematopoietic recovery after irradiation     

Spatial Restriction of FGF Signaling by a Matrix Metalloprotease Controls Branching Morphogenesis

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Highlights? Drosophila Matrix Metalloprotease (Mmp) inhibits FGF signaling ? An FGF – MMP feedback loop regulates branching morphogenesis ? Mmp2 spatially regulates FGF signaling in epithelia     

Perivascular Nitric Oxide Activates Notch Signaling and Promotes Stem-like Character in PDGF-Induced Glioma Cells

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Highlights? Perivascular niche nitric oxide activates Notch in PDGF-induced gliomas ? Notch signaling drives tumor stem-like characteristics and reduces survival ? Loss of eNOS activity decreases tumor stem-like characteristics ? Suppressing eNOS activity prolongs survival in glioma-bearing mice