新疆吉木萨尔克拉玛依组副肯氏兽一新种

1963年在新疆阜康曾经发现过肯氏兽的材料,这批化石中有被称为“九龙壁”的一群个体。这些化石曾被归入副肯氏兽属,命名为短吻副肯氏兽(Parakannemeyeria brevirostris)(孙艾玲,1978)。最近依据这个种建立了一个新属：西域肯氏兽(Xiyukannemeyeria),于是新疆的肯氏兽与华北的肯氏兽就没有相同属了(刘俊、李锦玲,2003)。     

中国肯氏兽-山西鳄组合带的新发现之一:山西的肯氏兽类（英文）

近年来在山西省境内沿黄河一带采集到一些新的四足动物化石。在临县白道峪铜川组一段产出的化石中,至少有一种副肯氏兽和一种新的中国肯氏兽——白道峪中国肯氏兽(Sinokannemeyeria baidaoyuensis sp.nov.)。新种以其前额骨向前延伸到达鼻孔后凹一线的特征区别于其他中国肯氏兽。这一材料的长牙未被前颌骨完全包裹,可能是不正常发育所致。在柳林的二马营组地层中识别出不同于中国肯氏兽和副肯氏兽的第三个肯氏兽属。这些新发现增加了中国肯氏兽-山西鳄组合带的组分以及时代延限。     

内蒙二马营组发现的肯氏兽类

<正> 肯氏兽类在我国产出相当丰富,过去曾发现于山西二马营组的上部和新疆小泉沟群的下部,化石计有两属六种,时代均为中三迭世。近年,地质科学院程政武在陕西府谷县二马营组底部发现一十分完整的肯氏兽头骨,另立一新属,命名为戏楼沟陕北肯氏兽Shanbeikannemeyeria xilougouensis(尚未发表)。内蒙地区过去从一些破碎的牙齿及骨片上也确定过存在肯氏兽类。我所二、三迭纪组一九七六年野外工作期间在内蒙伊克昭盟准格尔旗布尔洞公社采到一具不完整的肯氏兽骨架(包括头骨),现报道如下。依据化石的     

山西宁武肯氏兽一新屬

肯氏兽类是从二迭纪二齿兽类中分化出来一直生活到三迭纪末的大型二齿兽类,是二、三迭纪时低等爬行动物演化辐射中的一个代表,也是从爬行动物向哺乳动物进化过程中分出且在以后特化和绝灭了的一个旁支。肯氏兽类在世界上其他各大陆(欧洲除外)均有其代表:南非的Kannemeyeria;南美的Stahleckeria和北美的Placerias。在时代上Kannemeyeria为早三迭世晚期,有的     

山西武乡中国肯氏兽动物羣的新分布和它在地层上意义的前景

Ⅰ.什么是山西武乡中国肯氏兽动物羣 1936年曾在山西武乡县邻境榆社县的銀交附近,发現一批三迭紀的脊椎动物化石,曾鑑定作皮氏中国肯氏兽(Sinokannemeyeria pearsoni Young)。因为这种动物和南非哈鲁系     

中国肯氏兽-山西鳄组合带的新发现之三:山西临县的主龙型类（英文）

近几十年,华北的二马营组上部地层以产出中国肯氏兽–山西鳄四足动物化石组合而闻名。最近在山西临县白道峪于上覆的铜川组一段发现了中国肯氏兽。本文描述了同一地点同一层位产出的主龙型类化石,包括一具山西鳄的部分骨架以及一些可以归入suchian的主龙类。它们是铜川组一段首次记述的主龙型类。最有鉴定特征的suchian材料包括一个大的髂骨以及一个小的、形状很奇特的、可能是跟骨的骨骼。髂骨可能可以归入一个奇异的波波龙类(poposauroid)。因为中国肯氏兽与山西鳄同时出现在白道峪,表明中国肯氏兽–山西鳄组合可以向上延伸到铜川组一段。髂骨与跟骨大小悬殊,可能代表两个从未在中国肯氏兽–山西鳄组合报道过的物种。白道峪发现了特化的波波龙类,支持了波波龙类在中三叠世大量分化的观点。     

中国肯氏兽-山西鳄组合带的新发现之三:山西临县的主龙型类

近几十年,华北的二马营组上部地层以产出中国肯氏兽-山西鳄四足动物化石组合而闻名.最近在山西临县白道峪于上覆的铜川组一段发现了中国肯氏兽.本文描述了同一地点同一层位产出的主龙型类化石,包括一具山西鳄的部分骨架以及一些可以归入suchian的主龙类.它们是铜川组一段首次记述的主龙型类.最有鉴定特征的suchian材料包括一个大的髂骨以及一个小的、形状很奇特的、可能是跟骨的骨骼.髂骨可能可以归入一个奇异的波波龙类(poposauroid).因为中国肯氏兽与山西鳄同时出现在白道峪,表明中国肯氏兽-山西鳄组合可以向上延伸到铜川组一段.髂骨与跟骨大小悬殊,可能代表两个从未在中国肯氏兽-山西鳄组合报道过的物种.白道峪发现了特化的波波龙类,支持了波波龙类在中三叠世大量分化的观点.     

山西中国肯氏兽动物群的迷齿类

自許耐首次发表了在中国发見的迷齿兽以来(1958),我們陆續累积了一些这一类化石的材料。虽然这些材料也很破碎,但还有必要把它們記述一下,以补足武乡、榆社区的中国肯氏兽动物羣的研究。     

山西中国肯氏兽动物羣的新二齿兽类

近年来,我们在山西三迭纪的地层中获得了大量爬行动物化石,这是一个以肯氏兽类为主的动物羣,其中除了假鱷类、肯氏兽类以及原始爬行动物的柸龙类外,还有犬颌类和小型二齿兽类。关于这个动物羣的研究工作,除了个别的已有报导外,目前还正在进行中。     

中国肯氏兽-山西鳄组合带的新发现之二:山西二马营组幻阔齿兽(兽孔类:兽头类)一新种(英文)

记述了2012年在山西柳林三交二马营组上部采集的一个兽头类下颌标本,将其命名为幻阔齿兽三交种(Nothogomphodon sanjiaoensis sp.nov.)。新种以下列特征区别于属型种N.danilovi:齿骨下缘起伏,犬齿基部卵圆形,犬齿与第一犬后齿间有显著间隙,犬后齿后缘无辅助齿尖。幻阔齿兽以其特殊的犬后齿形态与具裂齿的基干犬齿兽相似,它也是已知的唯一一类具有这种复杂裂齿齿系的兽头类。将俄罗斯的引鳄动物群与中国的肯氏兽-山西鳄组合带进行比较发现,幻阔齿兽是二者唯一共有的属,而中国的二马营组与克拉玛依组却没有共享的属。     

Behavior of the deeply inserted helices in diphtheria toxin T domain: helices 5, 8, and 9 interact strongly and promote pore formation, while helices 6/7 limit pore formation

Diphtheria toxin T domain aids the membrane translocation of diphtheria toxin A chain. When the isolated T domain is deeply membrane-inserted, helices TH 8-9 form a transmembrane hairpin, while helices TH 5-7 form a deeply inserted nontransmembrane structure. Blocking deep insertion of TH 8-9 blocks deep insertion of TH 5-7 ( Zhao, G., and London, E. ( 2005) Biochemistry 44, 4488- 4498 ). We now examine the effects of blocking the deep insertion of TH 5 and TH 6/7. An A282R/V283R dual substitution in TH 5 prevented its deep insertion, significantly decreased the deep insertion of TH 9, and to a lesser degree that of TH 6/7. Blocking deep insertion of TH 6/7 with a L307R mutation had no effect on the deep insertion of TH 5, similar to its previously characterized lack of effect on the deep insertion of TH 8-9. An I364K mutation in TH 9 blocked TH 8-9 deep insertion and greatly reduced pore formation by the T domain, consistent with the role of TH 8-9 in pore formation. The A282R/V283R mutations also reduced the extent of pore formation, but to a lesser degree, suggesting either that TH 5 is part of the pore or that interactions with TH 5 affect the ability of TH 8-9 to form pores. The L307R mutation enhanced the extent of pore formation, suggesting that deeply inserted TH 6/7 may act as a "cork" that partly blocks the pore. Combined, these results indicate that TH 5, 8, and 9 combine to form a deeply inserted scaffold of more strongly associated helices.     

Evaluation of 5-HT7 Receptor Trafficking on In Vivo and In Vitro Model of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammatory Cell Injury in Rats and LPS-Treated A549 Cells

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the 5-HT7 receptor agonist (LP44) and antagonist (SB269970) on LPS-induced in vivo tissue damage and cell culture by molecular methods. This study was conducted in two steps. For in vivo studies, 24 female rats were divided into four groups. Group I: healthy; II (2nd h): LPS 5 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally (i.p.); III (4th h): LPS 5 mg/kg administered i.p.; IV (8th h): LPS 5 mg/kg administered i.p. For in vitro studies, we used the A549 cell line. Groups: I control (healthy) (2–4 h); II LPS: 1 µg/ml E. Coli O55:B5 strain (2–4 h); III agonist (LP44) 10^?9 M (2–4 h); IV antagonist (SB269970) 10^?9 M (2–4 h); V LPS+agonist 10^?9 M (LP44 1 µg/ml) (2–4 h); VI LPS+antagonist 10^?9 M (2–4 h). In molecular analyses, we determined increased TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, and 5-HT7 mRNA expressions in rat lung tissues and increased TNF-α, iNOS, and 5-HT7 mRNA expressions in the A549 cell line. In in vitro parameters, LP44 agonist administration-related decrease was observed. Our study showed that lung 5-HT7 receptor expression is increased in LPS-induced endotoxemia. All this data suggest that 5-HT7 receptor overexpression is an important protective mechanism during LPS-induced sepsis-related cell damage.     

Influence of diet and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I inhibition on myosin and sarcoplasmic reticulum.

To examine the role of metabolic signals for ventricular myosin expression and activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump, Wistar rats were treated for 7-8 wk with 5 or 50 mg/kg etomoxir, which inhibits fatty acid utilization. The proportion of myosin V1 was increased (P less than 0.05) with 50 mg/kg etomoxir (75 +/- 5% vs. 62 +/- 6% of control rats), whereas both doses increased the rate of Ca2+ uptake. A carbohydrate-rich fat-free diet or 8% sucrose drinking solutions, however, had no effect on myosin and sarcoplasmic reticulum. When rats were fed diets with an increased content (10 or 20%) of sunflower oil, the calorie intake and myosin V1 increased (56 +/- 8 or 64 +/- 8% vs. 44 +/- 6% of control rats). Isocaloric 10% fat diets of varying fatty acid composition (coconut fat, olive oil, or mackerel oil) also induced a higher calorie intake and increased V1 (64 +/- 6, 60 +/- 9, or 65 +/- 8% for the respective oils vs. 44 +/- 6% of control rats) but did not significantly increase rate of Ca2+ uptake. We concluded that calorie-rich diets changed the myosin expression not by affecting the ratio of fatty acid to glucose utilization but via the increased calorie intake.     

New virulence gene combinations in British isolates of Bremia lactucae

Isolates of Bremia lactucae made in 1974 from new Dutch-bred lettuce cultivars carrying the R gene combinations 3, 4, 7 or 3, 4, 7, 8 proved to have the V gene combination 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 predominant. An isolate obtained from cv. Larganda (R2, 7) was found to overcome all ten R genes identified in lettuce cultivars to date and could be designated V 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. The virulence combinations 3, 7, and 2, 3, 7 have not previously been reported in British B. lactucae collections although the former has been found in Holland and both occur in Sweden. The practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

The role of denitrification on arsenite oxidation and arsenic mobility in an anoxic sediment column model with activated alumina

Arsenite (As(III)) is the predominant arsenic (As) species in reducing environments. As(III) is less strongly adsorbed than As(V) at circumneutral pH conditions by common non‐iron metal oxides in sediments such as those of aluminum. Therefore, oxidation of As(III) to As(V) could contribute to an improved immobilization of As and thus help mitigate As contamination in groundwater. Microbial oxidation of As(III) is known to readily under aerobic conditions, however, the dissolved oxygen (O₂) concentration in groundwater may be limited due to the poor solubility of O₂ and its high chemical reactivity with reduced compounds. Nitrate (${\rm NO}_{3}^{{-} } $ ), can be considered as an alternative electron acceptor, which can support oxidation of As(III) to As(V) by denitrifying bacteria. In this study, two up‐flow sediment columns packed with activated alumina (AA) were utilized to demonstrate the role of denitrification on the oxidation of As(III) to As(V) and its contribution to improved As adsorption onto AA. One column was supplied with ${\rm NO}_{3}^{{-} } $ (C1) and its performance was compared with a control column lacking ${\rm NO}_{3}^{{-} } $ (C2). During most of the operation when the pH was in the circumneutral range (days 50–250), the release of arsenic was greater from C2 compared to C1. The effluent As concentrations started increasing on days 60 and 100 in C2 and C1, respectively. Complete breakthrough started on day 200 in C2; whereas in C1, complete breakthrough was never achieved. The effluent and solid phase As speciation was dominated by As(V) in C1, indicating the occurrence of As(III) oxidation due to ${\rm NO}_{3}^{{-} } $ ; whereas in C2, only As(III) was dominant. This study illustrates a bioremediation or natural attenuation process based on anoxic microbial ${\rm NO}_{3}^{{-} } $ ‐dependent oxidation of As(III) to more readily adsorbed As(V) as a means to enhance the immobilization of As on alumina oxide particles in subsurface environments. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 786–794. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

大苞藤黄化学成分研究及其互变异构体超高效液相色谱质谱联用分析

从大苞藤黄枝叶的混合粉碎物中分离到11个化合物,运用光谱手段分别鉴定为neobractatin(1),brasixanthone B (2),5-O-methylxanthone V1 (3),10-O-methylmacluraxanthone (4),isobractatin (5),xanthone V1(6),xerophenone A (7),xerophenone B (8),bractatin (9),macluraxanthone (10)和3-O-methylneobractatin (11).本文首次应用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术分离了异构体7和8并测定了其精确分子量.其中化合物6～8为首次从该植物中发现.     

山东汉族成人的Heath-Carter法体型研究

应用HeathCarter人体测量法对1001名（男502名,女499名）年龄在20—88岁间的山东省青州和临朐两县市的城乡汉族（以下简称山东汉族）进行了体型评定。结果是：（1）山东汉族男性的平均体型值为44—48—17（城4.6—4.7—1.5,乡4.2—4.8—1.8）,属内胚层-中胚层均衡型体型;各年龄组中以内胚层-中胚层均衡体型、偏内胚层的中胚层体型及偏中胚层的内胚层体型为主。女性的平均体型值为5.7—4.2—1.4（城5.8—4.2—1.3,乡5.6—4.2—1.4）,属偏中胚层的内胚层体型;各年龄组中以偏中胚层的内胚层体型及内胚层-中胚层均衡体型为主。（2）随着年龄的增长,男（20—44岁）女（20—54岁）性内、中因子值上升,外因子值下降。城乡男女以30岁为体型分界点,表现为30岁前后的体型差异。（3）汉族成年人体型存在显著性性别差异,但无城乡差异。（4）山东汉族男性与蒙古族及加拿大样本人群的平均体型相类似;女性平均体型介于鄂温克族、鄂伦春族、达斡尔族和蒙古族样本人群的平均体型之间。     

澜沧江短吻鱼属鱼类

短吻鱼属Ｓｉｋｕｋｉａ隶属于鲤科亚科（Ｃｙｐｒｉｎｉｄａｅ：Ｂａｒｂｉｎａｅ）,ｗｖ ｄｍ     

由簇毛麦V染色体引起的小麦-簇毛麦染色体代换系、易位系中线粒体蛋白质组的变化(简报)

线粒体是需氧生物中的一种半自主性细胞器.在能量代谢中,它起了一个关键的作用,柠檬酸循环、电子传递和氧化磷酸化过程均在线粒体内完成.线粒体具有高度的生物化学和遗传上的独立性.含有DNA和核糖核蛋白体.负责合成生物体内2%-5%的蛋白质[1].线粒体DNA具有自身复制能力,控制着众多的遗传性状.在植物中广泛存在的细胞质雄性不育则被认为是由线粒体基因组控制的性状[2].