甜菜夜蛾的迁飞及在我国的发生

甜菜夜蛾SpodopteraexiguaHubner是世界性害虫,幼虫取食的寄主范围很广,涉及35科、108属、138种植物,其中大田作物28种,蔬菜32种,尤其是对蔬菜危害严重。近年来,我国广大南方地区连续多年大发生,如1988、1991、1992、1994年,在广东、上海、江苏、浙江、湖南、湖北、贵州、江西、安徽等省区,已成为长江以南各省区的重要蔬菜害虫。尤其是7～9月高温季节易暴发成灾,并且甜菜夜蛾的发生具有突发性,也有人认为甜菜夜蛾可能具有迁飞性［1-3］。为此作者收集了国内外有关甜菜夜蛾迁飞情况的文献资料,现从以下几个方面介绍甜菜夜蛾在世…     

山东省甜菜夜蛾暴发原因初探

甜菜夜蛾(Laphygma exigua Hubner)是一种间歇性大发生害虫。八十年代以前,山东省曾有零星为害的报道,八十年代很少发生,九十年代以来,发生逐年加重,特别是1996-1997年在部分地市暴发成灾。据统计,1997年山东省甜菜夜蛾发生面积500多万亩,     

甜菜夜蛾性信息素的研究与应用

甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hbner)已成为我国的重要农业害虫,其高抗药性和危害具有隐蔽性,致使防治十分困难。文章介绍甜菜夜蛾性信息素的主要成分、活性、配比、诱芯剂型、诱捕器类型和利用性信息素监测、防治甜菜夜蛾技术的研究概况。认为改进现有技术后并应用于实际,将会更有效地监测和防治甜菜夜蛾的发生与危害。     

广东为害花生夜蛾调查

夜蛾是花生重要害虫,过去对它们的种类未有系统调查。作者在广东曾对这类害虫进行过调查和观察,比较普遍发生的夜蛾种类共计7种:小地老虎[Agrotis ypsilon(Rottemberg)],斜纹夜蛾[Prodenialitura(Fabricius)],棉铃虫[Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner)],南方银纹夜蛾(Chrysodexis eriosomaDoubleday),坑翅夜蛾(Ilattia octo Guenee),甜菜夜蛾[Spodoptera exigua(Hubner)],豆毛胫夜蛾[Mocisundata(Fabricius)]。     

甜菜夜蛾的生活习性

甜菜夜蛾(Laphygma exigua Hubner)是一种多食性害虫。笔者于1957—1960年在新乡耿黄等地对该虫的生活习性作了研究。兹简报如下。 一、寄主种类和为害性状 甜菜夜蛾的寄主范围和食性,结合1957年植物检疫和1960年昆虫区划在全省各地调查,初步明确幼虫取食植物在河南有35科、108属、138种。其中有大田和特用作物28种,蔬菜作物32种,幼龄果树和林木13种,牧草和杂草47种,药用和观赏植物18种。其中以甜菜、玉米、红薯、芝麻、白菜、苜蓿等受害最重。 甜菜夜蛾是典型的食叶害虫,对植物苗期为害最重,大发生时能吃光所有叶子。暴食性的高龄幼虫,白天往往潜藏在禾本科作物心叶中、土缝中或与同期发生的其他害虫混淆,不易被人察觉。为害特征在单子叶和双子叶植物上有所不同:单子叶植物以玉米为代表,被害部位呈现条状半透明薄膜或成条状破孔,这些     

甜菜夜蛾的发生及其防治

<正> 甜菜夜蛾Laphygma exigua Hübner 1988年在我市为害较严重,成为秋季十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫之一,发生程度甚至重于斜纹夜蛾和菜粉蝶等重要害虫。 一、田间幼虫识别要点 田间幼虫体色变化较大,但以绿色至褐色     

安徽斜纹夜蛾的初步观察及其土法防治

斜纹夜蛾(prodenia litura Fabricius)或称莲纹夜蛾,又名斜纹夜盗蛾,也有叫它“夜老虎”。属于鳞翅目夜蛾科。是今年安徽省早地作物为害最严重的大害虫。其为害作物,据各地报导及我们实际调查,计有玉米、甘薯、花生、棉花、大麻、蓖麻、烟叶、甜菜、豆类、蔬菜等。1958年安徽在6、7、8三个月间,天气干旱,高温少雨,有利于斜纹夜盗蛾发育生长,7、8两月,全省各地普遍发生,造成不同程度的灾害损失。     

甜菜夜蛾为害芦笋

<正> 甜菜夜蛾 Laphygma exigua(Hubner)是一种杂食性害虫。笔者自1987年以来在江西对芦笋病虫害发生情况进行了田间调查,发现甜菜夜蛾是芦笋最主要的害虫。该虫在临川县芦笋田约发生5代。第1代发生在5月下旬至6月中下旬,虫量少,为害轻。第2代在6月下旬     

甜菜夜蛾的抗性及抗性机理研究进展

甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)是世界性农业害虫,近年来在我国由次要害虫上升为主要害虫。甜菜夜蛾对很多种化学杀虫剂和生物杀虫剂产生了抗性。本文分别阐述了甜菜夜蛾对常用杀虫剂如有机磷类、拟除虫菊酯类、氨基甲酸酯类、生长调节类杀虫剂、Bt杀虫剂等的抗性发展现状,并且对抗药性机理进行了总结,提出了抗性治理措施。     

Wolbachia在我国甜菜夜蛾中的超感染

Wolbahcia是一类广泛分布于节肢动物体内,可以引起节肢动物生殖行为改变的细胞内共生细菌。甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)是我国常见的鳞翅目害虫,可危害粮、棉、菜等多种作物。已有很多研究表明Wolbachia在鳞翅目昆虫中具有广泛的分布,但是未见有关于甜菜夜蛾中感染Wolbachia的报道,为了研究我国甜菜夜蛾中Wolbachia的分布情况,采集了甜菜夜蛾的野生种群,对其进行DNA提取,通过对的Wolbachia的wsp基因进行PCR扩增及克隆测序,明确了Wolbachia在我国甜菜夜蛾野生种群内的分布情况。在检测的甜菜夜蛾成虫中,都感染了两种类型的Wolbahcia,分别命名为wExiA和wExiB(GenBank注册号分别为EU332343和EU332344)。wExiA属于A组,wExiB属于B组。本研究首次明确了在我国甜菜夜蛾的野生种群内存在着Wolbachia的超感染现象。     

甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒在宿主种群中的垂直传播研究

以两种浓度的病毒液感染甜菜夜蛾4龄、5龄幼虫,以研究甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒从亲代到子代垂直传递的方式和效率。实验结果表明,该病毒可通过母体介导(卵内、卵表)和父体介导等3种方式传递给子代,造成子代感染。幼虫经口感染后母体介导传递实验表明,病毒垂直传播可引起20%～48%的子代幼虫病死,并能使子代成虫产卵量下降;母体介导传播实验中,以5%福尔马林进行卵表面消毒证实仍有18.8%的幼虫感染病毒死亡,表明了该病毒可经卵内传播,并同时存在着附卵传播;母体介导传递实验还表明病毒对宿主有弱化作用,亲代免于病死的蛹重量减轻,羽化所得雌成虫的产卵量下降,产卵期延长。以交互配对将感染与未感染的雌雄成虫彼此交配,表明雄成虫精子也能垂直传递病毒(父体介导),引起20％～40%子代幼虫感病死亡。成虫经口感染,对所产卵块表面消毒后,仍导致28.6%的子代幼虫死于病毒感染,也表明存在卵内传播。     

甜菜夜蛾发生规律及其防治研究

甜菜夜蛾在福建漳州龙海每年发生9－10年,3月中下旬开始发生,4－10月份是该虫为害农作物的严重时期,其中8－9月份为全年发生危害的高峰期,通过田间药效试验,评价了不同类型的12种杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾的防治效果,结果表明,除尽,菜喜以及米满对田间甜菜夜蛾具有较好的防效,锐颈特,杀虫单,敌杀死等药剂对田间甜菜夜蛾几乎失去防效。     

The infection of potatoes by Phoma exigua

The pathogenicities of Phoma exigua var. foveata and P. exigua var. exigua were compared by determining the relationship between incidence of infection of whole tubers or tuber pieces and various inoculum levels in soil. In natural soil var. foveata was more pathogenic than var. exigua, but in sterilized soil there were no clear differences between the two. Both varieties were isolated from some lesions derived from inoculum to which only one variety had been added indicating either natural contamination of soil or latent infection in tubers; the proportion of such lesions increased at the lower inoculum concentrations. In studies where potato plants were grown in infested soils, the incidence of stem disease and tuber disease increased at increased inoculum concentrations of var. foveata; var. exigua was not added to the inoculum but was isolated from some lesions, the proportions of such lesions again increasing at lower inoculum concentrations. The infectivity of the infested soil, assessed by a tuber-baiting method, declined soon after planting but increased prior to harvest. Laboratory studies indicated that in natural soil the infectivity was highest after 2–3 months and lowest after 10 months incubation, but in sterilized soil infectivity was highest after 5 months and lowest after 7 months incubation.     

甜菜夜蛾cDNA文库的构建

以甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)幼虫为材料建立了cDNA表达文库,经检测文库的初始滴度为1.1×105pfu/mL,重组率为97%,扩增后文库的滴度为5.4×107pfu/mL。用设计的2对引物筛选该文库,得到468 bp的1个片段,分析后证实是几丁质合成酶基因I保守区域的1个片段。该cDNA文库为进一步筛选甜菜夜蛾功能基因奠定了基础。     

Activity and Persistence of Steinernema carpocapsae and Spodoptera exigua Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus against S. exigua Larvae on Soybean

Experiments were conducted to assess the effects of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and Spodoptera exigua multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SeMNPV), alone and in combinations, on mortality of the beet armyworm, S. exigua, larvae on soybean. In 1991 tests, field-grown soybean plants were treated with S. carpocapsae at 0.3 and 0.6 nematodes/cm² of leaflet, SeMNPV at 20 and 40 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB)/cm², and all possible combinations. Treated leaflets were collected from plants and bioassayed with 5-day-old larvae. The combination of S. carpocapsae at 0.6 nematodes/cm² + SeMNPV at 40 PIB/cm² produced significantly higher larval mortality (61.7%) compared with either S. carpocapsae (24.8-35.1%) or SeMNPV (26.5-33.7%) alone. In 1992, similar tests were repeated using S. carpocapsae at 0.2 and 0.5 nematodes/cm², and SeMNPV at 14 and 35 PIB/cm². The combination of 0.5 nematodes/cm² + 35 PIB/cm² resulted in significantly higher larval mortality (64.0%) than either pathogen alone (41.5-49.0%). Steinernema carpocapsae and SeMNPV produced additive effects on beet arlnyworm mortality. Persistence of S. carpocapsae was 12-24 hours and SeMNPV was 96-120 hours on soybean.     

甜菜夜蛾幼虫饲养技术的改进

利用一次性塑料杯饲养甜菜夜蛾SpodopteraexiguaH櫣bner,一次性接入初孵幼虫,直至化蛹不再转移,也不再更换饲料。与已报道的方法相比,该方法操作简单,省工省时,可以提高工作效率。在各项饲养指标中,除平均蛹重略微偏低之外,其余指标均与已报道的数据基本一致。试验证明,采用该方法可以满足室内甜菜夜蛾的继代繁殖和批量饲养。     

甜菜夜蛾的饲养方法介绍

介绍一种甜菜夜蛾的室内饲养方法 ,采用本方法累代饲养甜菜夜蛾 8代 ,平均蛹重达 1 1 2 .9mg ,平均化蛹率 97% ,平均羽化率为 91 .3% ,室内饲养结果表明 ,该饲养方法可用于室内大量饲养甜菜夜蛾     

Identification of a hypertrehalosemic factor in Spodoptera exigua

Trehalose is a major blood sugar in insects with a range of physiological functions, including an energy source and a cryoprotectant. Hemolymph trehalose concentrations are tightly regulated according to physiological conditions. An insulin‐like peptide, SeILP1, downregulates hemolymph trehalose concentrations in Spodoptera exigua. Here, we identified a factor that upregulates hemolymph trehalose concentration in S. exigua. Hemolymph trehalose concentrations were significantly increased after immune challenge or under starvation in a time‐dependent manner. To determine endocrine factors responsible for the upregulation, stress‐associated mediators, such as octopamine, serotonin, or eicosanoids were injected, but they did not upregulate hemolymph trehalose. On the other hand, injection with Schistocerca gregaria adipokinetic hormone (AKH) significantly increased hemolymph trehalose concentration in S. exigua. During upregulation of hemolymph trehalose by AKH injection, trehalose degradation appeared to be inhibited because expression of trehalase and SeILP1 were significantly suppressed while that of trehalose phosphate synthase was not significantly changed. Interrogation of a Spodoptera genome database identified an S. exigua AKH‐like gene and its expression was confirmed. During starvation, its expression concentrations were increased, although RNA interference specific to the AKH‐like hypertrehalosemic factor (SeHTF) gene significantly prevented the upregulation of hemolymph trehalose concentrations during starvation. A synthetic peptide of SeHTF was prepared and injected into S. exigua larvae. At nanomolar concentration, the synthetic SeHTF peptide effectively upregulated hemolymph trehalose concentrations. Here we report a novel hypertrehalosemic factor in S. exigua (SeHTF).     

甜菜夜蛾围食膜的蛋白质组鉴定

[目的]甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua是农业的重要害虫,为害我国蔬菜等农作物的生长.围食膜(Peritrophic membrane,PM)是昆虫体内的第一道屏障,有助于昆虫食物消化过程和保护昆虫避免细菌或病毒的侵染.本研究选取甜菜夜蛾为实验对象,通过鉴定围食膜的总蛋白成分,为探讨围食膜与病原菌相互作用的生理机制奠定基础.[方法]选用人工饲料饲养的甜菜夜蛾5龄幼虫,剥离幼虫围食膜,利用强变性剂三氟甲磺酸(Trifluoromethane-sulfonic acid, TFMS)处理,并对围食膜蛋白进行质谱鉴定和生物信息学分析,使用BLAST鉴定蛋白的同源性,探究基因水平转移现象.[结果]本研究共鉴定出199个围食膜蛋白.这些鉴定的蛋白可富集于84条GO term(P＜0.05);此外,所鉴定的蛋白可被注释到KEGG的73条代谢通路中,并能形成多个蛋白互作网络,分别参与能量代谢、蛋白水解、过氧化氢代谢、免疫等多种过程.同时,鉴定出与抗逆性相关蛋白,具有解毒代谢等功能,提高昆虫对农药和恶劣环境的抗性.[结论]本研究对鉴定出的199个围食膜蛋白进行分析,初步揭示围食膜潜在的生物学功能,并提出一些害虫控制思路,为新型杀虫剂的研发提供了理论基础.