Wnt5a在增生性瘢痕中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨wnt5a在增生性瘢痕中的表达及其临床意义。方法：选择12例增生性瘢痕患者,术中取成熟期增生性瘢痕6份,增殖期增生性瘢痕6份,正常皮肤组织6份。光镜下观察其形态学的差异,通过免疫组化技术检测和比较其Wnt5a阳性表达的细胞面积率。结果：与正常皮肤相比,增殖期增生性瘢痕中有大量的成纤维细胞,胶原纤维含量丰富,且排列紊乱,其间有大量的炎性细胞,成熟期增生性瘢痕也含有丰富的成纤维细胞和胶原,但炎性细胞很少。增殖期增生性瘢痕和成熟期增生性瘢痕组织中真皮浅层和真皮深层Wnt5a阳性表达的细胞面积率均显著高于正常皮肤组织（P〈0．05）,且增殖期增生性瘢痕组织中wnt5a阳性表达的细胞面积率显著高于成熟期增生性瘢痕（P〈0．05）。但正常皮肤组织、成熟期增生性瘢痕、增殖期增生性瘢痕各组间真皮浅层与真皮深层Wnt5a阳性表达的细胞面积率比较均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：Wnt5a的表达上调可能在增生性瘢痕的形成中起重要作用,并可能与增生性瘢痕的增殖活性有关。     

原位杂交检测microRNA-150在增生性瘢痕中的表达

瘢痕是人体在创伤修复过程中的必然产物,而增生性瘢痕是皮肤在创伤修复过程中成纤维细胞过度增生的表现。本研究的目的是探讨micro RNA-150在皮肤增生性瘢痕组织结构中的表达情况。本研究通过HE染色显示正常皮肤组织和增生性瘢痕的结构差异与病变的形态结构特点;利用Masson染色鉴别增生性瘢痕中胶原纤维和肌纤维的组织形态;进一步原位杂交检测皮肤增生性瘢痕micro RNA-150的表达。原位杂交分析显示,按着色细胞染色强度分为:高表达记为(+),未表达和低表达记为(-)。micro RNA-150的表达在增生性瘢痕和正常皮肤组织中的表达有统计学意义。原位杂交分析结果提示,micro RNA-150可能参与了增生性瘢痕的发生、发展,并随着增生性瘢痕的演进呈下降趋势。     

PI3K/AKt/mTOR信号通路介导黄芩苷抑制增生性瘢痕组织成纤维细胞的增殖

黄芩苷作为一种黄酮类成分可通过抑制细胞增殖、促进凋亡发挥抗肿瘤作用,但它是否对异常增生的瘢痕具有抑制增生的作用尚不清楚.本研究探讨黄芩苷抑制人增生性瘢痕组织成纤维细胞增殖的分子机制. 采用MTT比色法检测不同浓度的黄芩苷（2.24×10-2 ～ 2.24×102 mmol/L）对体外培养的增生性瘢痕组织成纤维细胞增殖的抑制作用.发现浓度为2.24×100～2.24×102 mmol/L黄芩苷处理组明显抑制增生性瘢痕组织成纤维细胞的增殖（P<0.05）.转染后的荧光素酶报告基因活性检测、RT-PCR及Western印迹分析技术检测其mRNA水平及细胞的帽状依赖翻译的表达.2.24×102 mmol/L黄芩苷处理后,黄芩苷作用组的mRNA水平并无明显差异（P>0.05）;增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞的帽状依赖结构的翻译明显被黄芩苷所抑制.采用Western印迹分析检测被黄芩苷干预的增生性瘢痕组织成纤维细胞的增殖相关的蛋白的表达;m7GTP琼脂糖珠沉淀结合蛋白4E-BP1与eIF4E的变化.发现增殖相关的蛋白mTOR、p70S6K、S6、4EBP1、eIF4E及其上游的AKT表达明显下调（P<0.05）,而PTEN表达明显上调.p-AKT(Ser473)、p-mTOR(Ser2448)、p-S6(Ser235/236)、p-4EBP1(Thr37/ 46)、p-PTEN（T380/S382/383）磷酸化水平下降（P<0.05）.在黄芩苷作用下的增生性成纤维细胞中的游离的4E-BP1明显减少（P<0.05）,而与eIF4E结合的4E-BP1明显增加（P<0.05）黄芩苷诱导游离的4E-BP1与eIF4E结合,从而抑制帽状依赖蛋白翻译.以上结果说明,黄芩苷可通过抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路抑制人增生性瘢痕组织成纤维细胞的增殖.     

胎盘间充质干细胞治疗小鼠烫伤愈合的相关研究

目的:观察胎盘间充质干细胞对TGF-β1/Smad信号通路的调控作用,探讨胎盘间充质干细胞对烫伤愈合及瘢痕形成的影响。方法:构建小鼠烫伤模型,注射人胎盘间充质干细胞(hPMSCs),荧光显微镜观察小鼠创伤皮肤组织中hPMSCs细胞的存活情况;HE和Masson染色观察小鼠创伤皮肤的变化;Western blot检测观察创伤皮肤TGF-β1、p-Smad3、Smad7、α-SMA、collagen I、Collagen III蛋白表达变化。结果:注射hPMSCs细胞后,小鼠创伤面积逐渐减小,创伤愈合率逐渐增加;hPMSCs细胞分布在小鼠创伤皮肤组织中,存活状况较好。进一步研究发现烫伤模型组皮肤表层细胞受损脱落,真皮层组织疏松,毛囊、皮脂腺等附属器坏死,可见明显的毛细血管扩张,并伴有炎性细胞渗出,同时可见大量的成纤维细胞增生和胶原纤维形成;注射hPMSCs细胞治疗后,病理改变、纤维增生和胶原形成明显减轻;此外,烫伤模型组创伤皮肤组织中TGF-β1、p-Smad3表达明显上调,Smad7蛋白表达明显下调,α-SMA、collagen I、Collagen III表达明显上调。经hPMSCs细胞治疗后,TGF-β1、p-Smad3蛋白表达明显下调,Smad7蛋白表达明显上调,α-SMA、collagen I、Collagen III蛋白表达明显下调。结论:胎盘间充质干细胞可能通过抑制TGF-β1/Smad信号通路,发挥促进烫伤愈合且抑制瘢痕形成的作用。     

Toll样受体4通过转化生长因子β1参与增生性瘢痕形成的机制研究

增生性瘢痕是机体在创伤后过度修复的表现形式之一,其发病机制并不十分明确.最近有证据显示,成纤维细胞能在脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)的作用下,激活toll样受体4(toll like receptor-4,TLR-4),参与调节免疫/炎症反应.因此,探索了TLR-4在增生性瘢痕的产生中可能起到的作用.利用荧光定量PCR检测证实,在体外培养的原代增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞(hyperplastic scar fibroblast,HSFB)中TLR-4和骨髓分化因子88(myeloid differentiation factor 88,MyD88)的表达高于正常皮肤成纤维细胞(normal skin fibroblast,NFB).用LPS处理NFB和HSFB 24 h,发现TLR-4、MyD88和转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-beta,TGF-β1)、Ⅰ型前胶原在mRNA和蛋白质水平的表达均上调.MTT也证实LPS促进体外培养的HSFB的增殖效应强于NFB.然而,在HSFB中采用siRNA干扰MyD88后,再用LPS处理,与干扰对照组相比,MyD88、TGF-β1和Ⅰ型前胶原的表达均明显减弱.结果表明,在皮肤成纤维细胞激活TLR-4信号通路,能引起促炎细胞因子TGF-β1的产生,同时促进细胞增殖,而干扰MyD88,能抑制LPS刺激后这些细胞因子的表达.     

RNA干扰敲低β-catenin的表达对瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨β-catenin对人瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞(keloid fibroblasts,KFB)增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:分别采用Real-time PCR(RT-PCR)和Western blot检测正常组织和瘢痕疙瘩中β-catenin的mRNA及蛋白表达。将针对人β-catenin基因设计合成的3对特异性小干扰RNA(siRNA)分别转染体外培养的人瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞,通过RT-PCR和Western blot筛选出干扰人瘢痕成纤维细胞β-catenin基因表达的最佳siRNA。通过siRNA沉默β-catenin表达后,采用MTT法检测KFB的增殖情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。结果:瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞中β-catenin的表达较正常组织明显升高(P0.05)。通过转染β-catenin siRNA降低其表达后,成纤维细胞的增殖能力明显下降(P0.05),凋亡水平显著增高(P0.05)。结论:沉默β-catenin能够显著抑制瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞增殖并促进其凋亡。     

Smurf1对增生性瘢痕纤维化形成的影响及分子机制

摘要 目的：探究Smurf1对增生性瘢痕形成中纤维化进程的影响及分子机制。方法：收集2021年6月至2022年6月空军军医大学第二附属医院烧伤整形科行增生性瘢痕切除手术患者的瘢痕组织及正常皮肤标本各12例,采用HE和Masson染色进行病理学检查。取增生性瘢痕组织无菌处理后,采取组织块法分离培养获取人增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞（HSF）。将HSF细胞按照实验方案分组,（1）Smurf1过表达分组：对照1组（Con-1组）,空载体组（Vector组）和Smurf1过表达组（OE-Smurf1组）;（2）Smurf1干扰表达分组：对照2组（Con-2组）,阴性组（si-NC组）,Smurf1干扰表达组（si-Smurf1组）。再分别将pcDNA3.1空质粒、pcDNA3.1+Smurf1质粒、si-NC和si-Smurf1转染至Vector组、OE-Smurf1组、si-NC组和si-Smurf1组HSF细胞。通过qRT-PCR检测Smurf1表达水平,Western blot检测蛋白表达水平,CCK-8检测细胞增殖水平,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平,Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭水平,细胞划痕实验检测细胞迁移水平。结果：HE染色和Masson染色结果显示,与正常皮肤组织相比,增生性瘢痕组织的真皮层厚度显著增加,真皮层中存在大量被染成蓝色的胶原纤维,排列紊乱且致密。与正常皮肤组织相比,增生性瘢痕组织中TGF-β1、α-SMA、COL1、COL3、TβR-I、p-Smad3和Smad7的蛋白表达水平均升高（P<0.05）,Smurf1表达水平降低（P<0.05）。与Con-1或Vector组比较,OE-Smurf1组HSF细胞中TGF-β1、α-SMA、COL1、COL3、TβR-I、p-Smad3和Smad7蛋白的表达水平均降低（P<0.05）,HSF细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移水平降低（P<0.05）,凋亡水平升高（P<0.05）。与Con-2组或si-NC组比较,si-Smurf1组HSF细胞中TGF-β1、α-SMA、COL1、COL3、TβR-I、p-Smad3和Smad7蛋白的表达水平均升高（P<0.05）,HSF细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移水平升高（P<0.05）,凋亡水平降低（P<0.05）。结论：Smurf1可能通过抑制TGF-β1/Smad通路,进而抑制增生性瘢痕的纤维化进程。     

重组腺病毒Ad-HGF体外感染成纤维细胞后转染效率及表达的检测

押检测携带人肝细胞生长因子基因的重组腺病毒Ad-HGF在体外对成纤维细胞的感染效率以及感染细胞对目的蛋白的表达。以不同感染复数(m.o.i.)(25,50,100,200)的Ad-GFP感染NIH3T3细胞,48h时用流式细胞仪检测转染效率;以50m.o.i.感染NIH3T3细胞后48h,用ELISA和Western印迹杂交法分别检测感染上清中HGF的表达。分别以50m.o.i.的Ad-GFP和Ad-HGF感染原代培养人瘢痕成纤维细胞,以检测重组腺病毒对原代培养人瘢痕成纤维细胞的转染效率和其对HGF的表达。结果表明,当m.o.i.为50时,重组腺病毒对NIH3T3细胞的转染效率已达95%以上;HGF的表达量可达每2×106细胞249ng;并可检测到HGF蛋白的一特异杂交带。以50m.o.i.的Ad-GFP感染原代培养人瘢痕成纤维细胞,72h时GFP表达达高峰,此时转染效率可高达36.75%。Ad-HGF感染原代培养人瘢痕成纤维细胞后HGF的表达在72h时达高峰,表达量可达每3.3×105细胞66ng。初步认为重组腺病毒可有效地介导HGF基因转染正常或瘢痕成纤维细胞,且感染细胞可有效表达目的蛋白。     

TN-C与MDA-7在增生性瘢痕中表达与调控

增生性瘢痕是以皮肤损伤后成纤维细胞过度增殖为特征的一种病理改变,其发病机制尚不明确,目前没有有效的治疗方法。当皮肤组织损伤时,腱糖蛋白C(Tenascin-C,TN-C)具有多种不同的作用介导炎症和纤维化进程,并使组织有效修复。TN-C是细胞外基质中一个具有独特的六聚体结构的寡聚糖蛋白家族,TN-C一过性表达在器官形成期,在大多数成人组织不表达或表达极少。然而,在病理条件下TN-C表达增加,诸如炎症,伤口愈合和纤维化。TN-C参与胚胎形成、肿瘤发生及损伤修复过程有关,参与细胞黏附、增殖、迁徙、分化、细胞间相互作用以及细胞凋亡。黑色素瘤分化相关基因7/白介素24(MDA-7/IL-24)能选择性抑制瘢痕疙瘩中成纤维细胞的增殖,并诱导瘢痕疙瘩中成纤维细胞的凋亡,而对正常细胞无任何作用。MDA-7/IL-24很可能与瘢痕的形成有关。     

TN—C与MDA-7在增生性瘢痕中表达与调控

增生性瘢痕是以皮肤损伤后成纤维细胞过度增殖为特征的一种病理改变,其发病机制尚不明确,目前没有有效的治疗方法。当皮肤组织损伤时,腱糖蛋白C（Tenascin-C,TN-C）具有多种不同的作用介导炎症和纤维化进程,并使组织有效修复。TN—C是细胞外基质中一个具有独特的六聚体结构的寡聚糖蛋白家族,TN—C一过性表达在器官形成期,在大多数成人组织不表达或表达极少。然而,在病理条件下TN—C表达增加,诸如炎症,伤口愈合和纤维化。TN—C参与胚胎形成、肿瘤发生及损伤修复过程有关,参与细胞黏附、增殖、迁徙、分化、细胞间相互作用以及细胞凋亡。黑色素瘤分化相关基因7／白介素24（MDA-7／IL-24）能选择性抑制瘢痕疙瘩中成纤维细胞的增殖,并诱导瘢痕疙瘩中成纤维细胞的凋亡,而对正常细胞无任何作用。MDA-7／IL-24很可能与瘢痕的形成有关。     

Investigating the Role of P311 in the Hypertrophic Scar

The mechanisms of hypertrophic scar formation are not fully understood. We previously screened the differentially expressed genes of human hypertrophic scar tissue and identified P311 gene as upregulated. As the activities of P311 in human fibroblast function are unknown, we examined the distribution of it and the effects of forced expression or silencing of expression of P311. P311 expression was detected in fibroblast-like cells from the hypertrophic scar of burn injury patients but not in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, epidermal cells or normal skin dermal cells. Transfection of fibroblasts with P311 gene stimulated the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), TGF-β1 and α1(I) collagen (COL1A1), and enhanced the contraction of fibroblast populated collagen lattices (FPCL). In contrast, interference of fibroblast P311 gene expression decreased the TGF-β1 mRNA expression and reduced the contraction of fibroblasts in FPCL. These results suggest that P311 may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scar via induction of a myofibroblastic phenotype and of functions such as TGF-β1 expression. P311 could be a novel target for the control of hypertrophic scar development.     

Comparative analysis of the involvement of p53, c-myc and c-fos in epidermal growth factor-mediated signal transduction

p53, a transformation-related protein located in the nucleus, shares several properties with the product of the nuclear proto-oncogene c-myc. The latter is transiently induced after different membrane-originating stimuli. A similar observation has been made with c-fos, a gene that also belongs to the 'nuclear' class of oncogenes. Here we show that p53, unlike the products of the c-myc and c-fos genes, is not induced by the signal generated by the interaction between epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor. Hence, p53 does not appear to be involved in EGF signal transduction. In order to draw this conclusion we have used an EGF receptor gene-amplified human breast tumor cell line that is growth-inhibited by EGF, and exponentially growing normal human fibroblasts.     

瘢痕疙瘩及增生性瘢痕中MMP-2、MMP-9的表达

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶-2、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-2、MMP-9)在瘢痕疙瘩(keloid,Ke)及增生性瘢痕中(hypertrophic scar,HS)的表达。方法免疫组织化学SP法检测MMP-2、MMP-9在20例瘢痕疙瘩、15例增生性瘢痕及10例正常皮肤中的表达,采用图像分析技术对免疫组化结果进行定量分析。结果Ke中MMP-2表达高于正常皮肤(t=2.366,P<0.05),高于HS(t=2.223,P<0.05);MMP-9表达高于正常皮肤(t=3.198,P<0.01),高于HS(t=2.110,P<0.05)。HS中MMP-2表达与正常皮肤无差异(t=0.218,P>0.05),MMP-9表达与正常皮肤无差异(t=1.873,P>0.05)。正常人皮肤仅见MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白的弱阳性或阴性表达。结论MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白的表达与皮肤损伤后的过度增殖及肿瘤化倾向有关。     

Effects of TRAP-1-Like Protein (TLP) Gene on Collagen Synthesis Induced by TGF-β/Smad Signaling in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

Background

Hypertrophic scars are pathologic proliferations of the dermal skin layer resulting from excessive collagen deposition during the healing process of cutaneous wounds. Current research suggests that the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is closely associated with normal scar and hypertrophic scar formation. TRAP-1-like protein (TLP), a cytoplasmic protein, has been reported to efficiently regulate Smad2- and Smad3-dependent signal expression in the TGF-β pathway. The relationship between TLP and Type I/III collagen (Col I/III) synthesis explored in the present study provides an effective target for wound healing and gene therapy of hypertrophic scarring.

Objective

To investigate the effects of TLP on collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts.

Methods

Lentiviral vectors encoding TLP was constructed to transfect fibroblasts derived from normal human skin. The expression of Col I/III and phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 in fibroblasts were examined after TLP treatment. In addition, the comparison of TLP expression in normal skin tissues and in hypertrophic scar tissues was performed, and the effect of TLP on cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay.

Results

TLP expression in hypertrophic scar tissue was markedly higher than in normal skin tissue. The Real Time PCR and Western blot test results both revealed that the synthesis of Col I/III was positively correlated with the expression of TLP. TLP also facilitate Smad2 phosphorylation while, conversely, inhibiting Smad3 phosphorylation. TLP may play a cooperative role, along with the cytokine TGF-β1, in improving the overall cell viability of skin fibroblasts.

Conclusions

TLP likely acts as a molecular modulator capable of altering the balance of Smad3- and Smad2-dependent signaling through regulation of phosphorylation, thus facilitating collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. Based on genetic variation in TLP levels in different tissues, these results suggest that TLP plays a key role in the process of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling that contributes to wound healing and genesis of pathologic scars.     

Expression and localization of insulin-like growth factor-1 in normal and post-burn hypertrophic scar tissue in human

The migration of epithelial cells from dermal appendages toward the wound surface is essential for re-epithelialization of partial thickness burn injuries. This study provides evidence that these cells in vivo synthesize a mitogenic and fibrogenic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which may promote the development of the post-burn fibroproliferative disorder, hypertrophic scarring (HSc). An evaluation of 7 post-burn hypertrophic scars, 7 normal skin samples obtained from the same patients and 4 mature scars revealed that IGF-1 expressing cells from the disrupted sweat glands tend to reform small sweat glands of 4-10 cells/gland in post-burn HSc. The number of these cells increases with time and the glands become larger in mature scar. Other epithelial cells such as those found in sebaceous glands and basal and suprabasal keratinocytes, also express IGF-1 protein and mRNA as detected by Northern and RT-PCR analysis of RNA obtained from whole skin and separated epidermis and dermis. However, cultured keratinocytes did not express mRNA for IGF-1. Histological comparisons between normal and HSc sections show no mature sebaceous glands in dermal fibrotic tissues but the number of IGF-1 producing cells including infiltrated immune cells was markedly higher in the dermis of hypertrophic scar tissues relative to that of the normal control. In these tissues, but not in normal dermis, IGF-1 protein was found associated with the extracellular matrix. By in situ hybridization, IGF-1 mRNA was localized to both epithelial and infiltrated immune cells. Collectively, these findings suggest that in normal skin, fibroblasts have little or no access to diffusible IGF-1 expressed by epithelial cells of the epidermis, sweat and sebaceous glands; while following dermal injury when these structures are disrupted, IGF-1 may contribute to the development of fibrosis through its fibrogenic and mitogenic functions. Reformation of sweat glands during the later stages of healing may, therefore, limit this accessibility, and lead to scar maturation.     

Abnormal stability of wild-type p53 protein in a human lung carcinoma cell line

We report here that ectopically expressed wild-type p53 protein showed more than 6 times longer half-life than normal human fibroblasts in NCl-H1299, a widely used cell line derived from non-small cell lung carcinoma lacking the expression of p53 protein. We found no abnormality in the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of p53, and the expression levels of MDM2. Although proteasome activity measured in vitro was not significantly different between the tumor cell line and normal human fibroblasts, proteasome inhibitors, ALLN, MG115, and MG132, did not accumulate p53 protein in the tumor cell line, but did accumulate p53 in normal human cells. These results provide a novel mechanism, by which p53 is stabilized in tumor cells, and they suggest that a mediator should exist between ubiquitinated p53 and proteasome, which may be defective in H1299 cells.