独行菜种子转录组的高通量测序及分析

独行菜种子为我国传统常用中药,从中已提取出多种药用活性成分,但目前尚不清楚其次级代谢过程中这些活性物质合成的遗传基础。采用Illumina Hiseq^TM 2000高通量测序平台对独行菜种子转录组进行测序,经de novo组装后获得40 303条unigene。进一步利用六大公共数据库进行同源比对,注释了27 935条unigene。研究发现,534个基因参与了独行菜次生物质的合成和代谢,其中在芥子苷、黄酮类和芪类化合物生物合成途径中的unigene分别有4个、19个和69个,在苯丙氨酸代谢途径中的unigene有92个。这些基因可能参与独行菜种子药性活性物质的生物合成,并分析获得了参与上述合成代谢途径的13个关键基因的同源序列。另外,从转录组序列中搜索到6 304个SSR位点,分布于5 306条unigene中,出现频率为15.64%。研究结果不仅为挖掘独行菜种子药用次生代谢物生物合成关键基因提供了基础数据信息,而且为独行菜遗传多样性研究和分子标记开发奠定了分子基础。     

Transcriptome Sequencing of Mung Bean (Vigna radiate L.) Genes and the Identification of EST-SSR Markers

Mung bean (Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek) is an important traditional food legume crop, with high economic and nutritional value. It is widely grown in China and other Asian countries. Despite its importance, genomic information is currently unavailable for this crop plant species or some of its close relatives in the Vigna genus. In this study, more than 103 million high quality cDNA sequence reads were obtained from mung bean using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. The processed reads were assembled into 48,693 unigenes with an average length of 874 bp. Of these unigenes, 25,820 (53.0%) and 23,235 (47.7%) showed significant similarity to proteins in the NCBI non-redundant protein and nucleotide sequence databases, respectively. Furthermore, 19,242 (39.5%) could be classified into gene ontology categories, 18,316 (37.6%) into Swiss-Prot categories and 10,918 (22.4%) into KOG database categories (E-value < 1.0E-5). A total of 6,585 (8.3%) were mapped onto 244 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway database. Among the unigenes, 10,053 sequences contained a unique simple sequence repeat (SSR), and 2,303 sequences contained more than one SSR together in the same expressed sequence tag (EST). A total of 13,134 EST-SSRs were identified as potential molecular markers, with mono-nucleotide A/T repeats being the most abundant motif class and G/C repeats being rare. In this SSR analysis, we found five main repeat motifs: AG/CT (30.8%), GAA/TTC (12.6%), AAAT/ATTT (6.8%), AAAAT/ATTTT (6.2%) and AAAAAT/ATTTTT (1.9%). A total of 200 SSR loci were randomly selected for validation by PCR amplification as EST-SSR markers. Of these, 66 marker primer pairs produced reproducible amplicons that were polymorphic among 31 mung bean accessions selected from diverse geographical locations. The large number of SSR-containing sequences found in this study will be valuable for the construction of a high-resolution genetic linkage maps, association or comparative mapping and genetic analyses of various Vigna species.     

The mucin biosynthesis stimulated by epidermal growth factor occurs in surface mucus cells, but not in gland mucus cells, of rat stomach

Although epidermal growth factor (EGF) accelerates gastric mucin biosynthesis, information on whether its activation is limited to the specific mucus-producing cells is lacking. In this paper, we investigated the effects of EGF on mucin biosynthesis and the expression of its receptor in distinct layers of rat gastric mucosa, including the possible participation of nitric oxide (NO). EGF enhanced the incorporation of [3H]glucosamine and [14C]threonine into the mucin in the full-thickness tissues of the gastric mucosa. This stimulation disappeared on the removal treatment of the surface mucosal layer chiefly consisting of surface mucus cells. The EGF-induced increase in [3H]-labeled mucin in the full-thickness mucosa was not suppressed by either NG-nitro-L-arginine (10(-5) M) or 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (10(-5) M). The EGF-receptor-mRNA expression was high in the surface mucosal layer but low in the deep and muscle layers of the stomach. These results suggest that EGF-induced stimulation of mucin biosynthesis is limited to the surface mucus cells of the rat gastric mucosa and is independent of the NO pathway.