木论喀斯特林区翠柏群落学特征的初步研究

广西木论喀斯特林区,位于我国中亚热带南缘。据６００ｍ２翠柏群落样方调查结果：有维管束植物７６种,隶５１科６９属,其中单种的属占８９．９％。植物区系以热带分布区类型为主,占总属数（不含世界分布）的７１．０％,温带分布占２５．８％,但群落的种类组成是以亚热带成分占优势,按Ｒａｒｎｋｉａｅｒ生活型分类系统,高位芽植物占８２．９％,地面芽植物占１５．８％,一年生植物占１．３％,缺少地上芽和地下芽植物;从生理角度分析,叶级以小型叶（包括微型和鳞型叶）为主,占５９．２％;叶型以单叶占的比例最大,为８６．８％,群落结构可分为乔、灌、草三层,其中乔木层又可分出二个亚层。对该群落各乔木种群的大小结构分析,显示出翠柏群落是相对稳定性较大的群落。     

浙江天台山七子花群落特征的初步研究

天台山的七子花林,常见的种子植物有１２５种,隶属５１科,１０２属。其中热带类型３６属,温带类型５２属。按Ｒａｕｎｋｉａｅｒ生活型统计,高位芽植物占７０．８％,地面芽植物占２２．３％,地下芽植物占４．６％,一年生植物占２．３％,高位芽植物的比例与本省常绿落叶阔叶混交林的生活型谱近似。叶级以小型叶为主,占５３．１％。叶型以单叶比例最大,占７８．５％。群落结构可分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层和地被层。     

湖北省三峡库区珍稀濒危及国家重点保护野生植物资源的初步 …

实地调查表明,湖北省三峡库区宜昌,兴山,秭归和巴东４县分布有珍稀濒危野生植物３９种,分别占三峡库区,湖北省和全国总数的９０．７％和６２．９％和１０．０５％,国家重点保护野生植物１３２种,分别占湖北省及全国总数的６４．０８％及７．７６％,其中,国家一级保护植物有红豆杉,南方红豆杉,珙桐,光叶珙桐等４种,二级保护植物有金毛狗等１２８种,在国家重点保护植物中,湖北省新记录种３种,县级新分布种３种,研究结     

西双版纳鸡血藤次生群落的特征分析

本文对西双版纳热带雨林刀耕火种撩荒后形成的鸡血藤次生群落进行了研究和分析,结果表明：在９００ｍ２的固定样地上,计有维管束植物６２种,隶属于３６科５５属,ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ－ｗｉｅｎｎｅｒ指数为４．２５;区系地理成分可分为９种类型,以热带区系成分为主,占９２．７３％。群落结构可分为乔木层（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）、灌木层、草木层及层间植物,群落的外貌以高位芽、小叶型、单叶、纸质为主组成。与先锋阶段的植物群落相比,该群落正向湿润性的热带森林方向发展。     

神农架山地河岸带中珍稀植物群落特征

以领春木(Euptelea pleiospermum)、连香树(Cercidiphyllum japonicum)为优势种的珍稀植物群落是神农架山地中海拔地段河岸带中的典型群落类型.在神农架地区4大水系(沿渡河、香溪河、南河和堵河)的河岸带中共调查了48个样地,采用植物群落学方法,分析了该区山地河岸带中珍稀植物群落特征.结果表明:(1)群落中植物种类丰富,科属组成比较分散.共记录到维管束植物749种,隶属144科412属,其中每科仅记录到1个属的有72个科,每属仅记录到1个种的有256个属.(2)在科水平上,热带、亚热带成分与温带成分所占比例几乎相同,在属水平上温带成分占主导.东亚分布成分、中国特有成分所占比例较高,共记录了6个东亚特有科、50个东亚特有属,2个中国特有科、27个中国特有属.(3)中小型草质单叶的落叶阔叶高位芽和地面芽植物是决定该珍稀植物群落外貌的主要成分.(4)群落垂直结构复杂,成层现象明显.第一乔木亚层树冠层分布不连续,第一、第二乔木亚层和灌木层从高到低郁闭度逐渐增大,草本层盖度各样地差别较大,层间植物丰富.该山地河岸带中丰富的珍稀、特有和/或孑遗植物表现出该群落的古老、孑遗性.虽然该区多数珍稀植物为温带性质,但该珍稀植物群落整体上在种类组成、区系分布、生活型谱、叶片性质等方面表现出亚热带亚高山垂直带谱上常绿落叶阔叶混交林的过渡性特征.自上而下逐渐密集的群落垂直结构为幼苗稍耐荫、成年趋于喜光的珍稀植物的不同发育阶段提供了利于其生长的光环境.特殊的地理位置、独特的地形地貌和良好的水热条件使亚热带山地河岸带成为珍稀植物(尤其是孑遗植物)就地保护中一个关键而特殊的区域.     

湖北省三峡库区珍稀濒危及国家重点保护野生植物资源的初步研究

实地调查表明,湖北省三峡库区宜昌、兴山、秭归和巴东４县分布有珍稀濒危野生植物３９种,分别占三峡库区、湖北省和全国总数的９０７％、６２９％和１００５％;国家重点保护野生植物１３２种,分别占湖北省及全国总数的６４０８％及７７６％。其中,国家一级保护植物有红豆杉、南方红豆杉、珙桐、光叶珙桐等４种,二级保护植物有金毛狗等１２８种。在国家重点保护植物中,湖北省新记录种３种,县级新分布种３种。研究结果证明,湖北省三峡库区是三峡库区和湖北省珍稀濒危及国家重点保护植物物种多样性中心。     

湖北长阳光叶珙桐群落结构研究

在野外调查基础上,分析了湖北省长阳地区光叶珙桐群落外貌与结构特征。结果表明:在2900m²的样方中,有维管植物238种,隶属于81科170属;群落植物区系丰富、古老、特有性强;群落中有金钱槭、水青树、白辛树、领春木、连香树、天师栗和大叶三七等珍稀濒危植物;其生活型以包括藤本在内的高位芽植物占绝对优势,达47.06%;叶级以中型叶为主,占68.07%,小型叶次之,占28.57%;叶型以单叶占有较大的优势,达78.99%叶质以纸质叶为主,占67.12%。群落垂直结构较复杂,成层现象明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层和层间植物;年龄结构和高度结构分析表明,光叶珙桐种群更新不良,具有衰退的趋势。     

神农架地区珍稀植物沿河岸带的分布格局及其保护意义

在神农架香溪河流域从源头到河口的不同海拔高度沿河岸带共设置 4 0个与河流方向平行的10 0m× 10m的样带 ,进行了植物群落学调查研究 .结果表明 ,沿河岸带分布有珍稀植物 14种 ,占神农架地区珍稀植物总数的 4 2 .4 % .这些珍稀物种主要分布在海拔 12 0 0～ 180 0m山地常绿阔叶落叶阔叶混交林带 ,珍稀植物种类的物种丰富度在中等海拔高度上最大 .珍稀植物的种类可划分为低海拔、中等海拔和高海拔 3组 .针对珍稀植物的分布特点 ,明确指出应重视河岸带在生物多样性、尤其是珍稀物种保护方面的重要作用 .     

秦岭山地华山松林群落学特征研究

以秦岭南坡华山松群落为对象,分析了其群落特征,结果表明,华山松群落共容纳种子植物166种,分属51科111属,区系组成丰富;在植物区系地理成分上,属的分布类型以温带性质居多,共65个,占总属数的66．7％,表明了群落植物区系组成的温带亲缘;在群落外貌特征上,华山松群落高位芽植物最多,占75．9％,叶级以中型叶为主,共96种,占57．8％,叶型以单叶为主,共139种,占83．7％;群落可分为乔、灌、草3个层次,亦有层间植物伴生;随年龄增长,群落中华山松种群空间结构呈集群分布→随机分布→集群分布变化,聚块指标变化不大,其聚块面积在100m^2左右波动;种群格局强度随年龄阶段变化缓慢,处于较弱的生境异质性变化状态中;尽管缺失某些年龄阶段的幼数、幼苗现象存在,华山松林作为一个稳定群落在该区域仍占有优势地位。     

青海海北地区高山蒿草草甸植物群落的结构特征及其分布格局

对高山草甸主要植物群落结构特征及其分布格局的研究结果表明,矮嵩草草甸植物群落的丰富度最大,隶属１８科,４３属４５种,呈多优势种植物群落;小嵩草草甸居中,隶属１１科,３０属３５种,小嵩草（Ｋｏｂｒｅｓｉａｐｙｇｍａｅａ）为优势种;藏嵩草沼泽化草甸最小,隶属９科,２１属２３种,藏嵩草（Ｋ．ｔｉｂｅｔｉｃａ）为优势种。其中,有９个种群为３个群落中的共有种,分别占矮嵩草草甸、小嵩草草甸和藏嵩草沼泽化草甸总种数的２０．００％、２５．７１％和３９．１３％。它们在水分资源位上的生态位宽度较大。３个植物群落类型的种－面积关系呈对数曲线分布,群落的最小样方面积为０．２５ｍ２或０．５ｍ２较适宜。种－多度分布呈对数正态分布,其分布模型的表达式如下：Ｓ（Ｒ）＝Ｓ０ｅ－（ａ２Ｒ     

Altitudinal Pattern of Plant Species Diversity in Shennongjia Mountains, Central China

One hundred and sixty plots, approximately every 100 m above sea level （a.s.1.） along an altitudinal gradient from 470 to 3 080 m a.s.1, at the southern and northern watershed of Mt. Shennongjia, China, were examined to determine the altitudinal pattern of plant species diversity. Mt. Shennongjia was found to have high plant species diversity, with 3 479 higher plants recorded. Partial correlation analysis and detrended canonical correspondence analysis （DCCA） based on plant species diversity revealed that altitude was the main factor affecting the spatial pattern of plant species diversity on Mt. Shennongjia and that canopy coverage of the arbor layer also had a considerable effect on plant species diversity. The DCCA based on species data of importance value further revealed that altitude gradient was the primary factor shaping the spatial pattern of plant species. In addition, the rule of the “mid-altitude bulge” was supported on Mt. Shennongjia. Plant species diversity was closely related to vegetation type and the transition zone usually had a higher diversity. Higher plant species diversity appeared in the mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest zone （900-1500 m a.s.1.） and its transition down to evergreen broadleaved forest zone or up to deciduous broadleaved forest zone. The largest plant species diversity in whole communities on Mt. Shennongjia lay at approximately 1 200 m a.s.1. Greatest tree diversity, shrub diversity, and grass diversity was found at approximately 1 500, 1 100, and 1 200 m a.s.l., respectively. The southern watershed showed higher plant species diversity than the northern watershed, with maximum plant species diversity at a higher altitude in the southern watershed than the northern watershed. These results indicate that Mt. Shennongjia shows characteristics of a transition region. The relationship between the altitudinal pattern of plant species diversity and the vegetation type in eastern China are also discussed and a hypothesis about the altitudinal pattern of plant species diversity in eastern China is proposed.     

Relationships between environment and mountain riparian plant communities associated with two rare tertiary-relict tree species, Euptelea pleiospermum (Eupteleaceae) and Cercidiphyllum japonicum (Cercidiphyllaceae)

Euptelea pleiospermum and Cercidiphyllum japonicum are dominant relictual tree species of the riparian plant communities in the subtropical region of Shennongjia Mountains, central China. Community survey and multivariate analysis were carried out to characterize their ecological ranges and regeneration characteristics, and further to explore the factors determining their present distribution boundaries and the barriers restricting their range expansion. We recorded 303 woody species, among which there were 14 relictual, rare and/or endemic woody species. Results obtained from cluster analysis corroborated the results from non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination, classifying the 42 plots into three well-defined associations. Correlation analysis revealed that variation in species composition among associations was partly explained by some physical (altitude, slope, soil temperature) and chemical (available K, NH₄, pH) properties. Multiple regression analyses with data of adults and seedlings with physical and chemical variables revealed contrasting patterns of the two dominant relictual species. Both taxa have a high resprouting rate that keeps the stands stable irrespective of scarcity of seedlings. However, expansion of the distribution range is difficult in such a situation. E. pleiospermum prefers riparian habitats with poor nutrients in the south-facing slope of the Shennongjia Mountains, which may indicate that this species is light-demanding at some life stages and well adapted to a nutrient-poor habitat where competition from other species is limited. The Cercidiphyllum japonicum population was more scattered and fragmented, and preferred riparian habitats on gentle slopes. Both species are favored by the mild and moist microclimate, but the current conditions in these subtropical mountain riparian habitats probably do not really provide optimal ecological conditions for the two relictual species.     

神农架山地河岸带连香树的种群结构与动态

以种群统计学和树木年代学的方法, 从年龄结构、生命表、径向生长和干扰史4个方面, 研究了神农架山地河岸带连香树 (Cercidiphyllum japonicum) 的种群结构与动态。结果显示:1) 连香树种群内幼龄个体比较充足, 但在长时段内更新时有断代, 多个局域种群有明显可辨的同生群 (年龄幅宽约为50a), 其发生年代在20世纪20年代和70年代, 高峰期则在40年代和90年代;2) 萌枝更新非常突出, 与种群年龄和群落盖度有显著相关 (r>0.6, p<0.05) ;3) 经20a以下和60~100a间两个死亡高峰以后, 种群可达生活力最优阶段, 180a以后出现衰老迹象, 生存曲线总体上介于DeeveyⅡ和Ⅲ型之间;4) 前30a连香树胸径的生长速率最快, 经2次生长释放后, 约在60a前后进入林冠层, 90~120a间进入成熟期前, 胸径分化最为剧烈;5) 干扰高峰年 (20世纪20年代、70年代和90年代) 与种群更新的高峰年大致吻合。这些结果表明, 个体生长发育特征与中长期的干扰对其种群结构与动态有重要影响。由于幼苗尤其是萌枝的的数量充足, 连香树种群在中短期内可以维持。     

神农架山体对濒危植物连香树遗传结构影响的研究

山体屏障能阻断植物连续的生境,干扰居群的基因交流,从而影响植物居群的遗传结构.本研究应用AFLP标记探讨神农架地区南北坡4条河岸带分布的连香树4个居群的遗传多样性水平,以及山体隔离对居群遗传结构和基因流的影响.结果显示连香树居群水平的Nei's基因多样性(h)和Shannon信息指数(/)分别为0.116和0.173,遗传多样性水平相对较高.在遗传结构方面,邻接树(NJ)和主坐标分析的结果清晰地将南北坡分开,从居群和个体上都分成两组.并且STRUCTURE的结果显示基因流在同坡向的居群间比不同坡向的居群间要大.这些表明神农架山体可能对连香树居群的基因交流产生了一定的限制作用.神农架南北坡居群间的分化程度较低(FST为0.075),推测与连香树自身有较强的种子散布和花粉传播能力有关.本研究结果表明,神农架山体及相关的生态因子可能对连香树居群的基因交流产生了限制作用.     

若尔盖辖曼－阿西高原沼泽自然保护区沼泽植物特征

若尔盖沼泽是世界上著名的高寒沼泽。我们对此地的纳勒乔沼泽、纳洛乔沼泽和哈丘湖附近的沼泽植物进行了考察。这里的沼泽植物共61种,隶属44属,21科。以莎草科、禾本科、菊科、毛莨科为主。沼泽植物的地理成分表明此地的植被偏向温带性质。苔草属是主要的沼泽植物。木里苔草、毛果苔草、乌拉苔草、藏蒿草、双柱头藨草为优势种。沼泽植物的生活型分为湿生植物、挺水植物、浮叶植物、沉水植物。沼泽植物群落包括9种类型。最后,作者建议将木里苔草、狸藻群落,木里苔草、条叶垂头菊群落,毛果苔草、睡莱群落,毛果苔草、狸藻群落列为重点保护的自然群落。     

New microsatellite markers for the rare plant Cercidiphyllum japonicum and their utility for Cercidiphyllum magnificum

? Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Cercidiphyllum japonicum to study population genetics of this endangered species native to both eastern China and Japan. ? Methods and Results: Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing Repeats (FIASCO) protocol, 12 microsatellite markers that were successfully amplified showed polymorphism when tested on 33 individuals from two populations in eastern China and Japan. Overall, the number of alleles per locus ranged between 5 and 18. Eleven markers could be easily amplified and were polymorphic in C. magnificum. ? Conclusions: These results indicate that these microsatellite markers are adequate for detecting and characterizing population genetic structure in Cercidiphyllum at fine and range-wide geographical scales.     

神农架北坡堵河源自然保护区植物多样性研究

为建立自然保护区,保护神农架北坡堵河源地区丰富的生物多样性资源,并为神农架地区植物起源、植被演替以及生物多样性和濒危物种状况深入、准确评价提供基础数据,2002年,采用路线调查与标准地调查相结合的方法,结合历史资料,对堵河源地区的野生植物资源进行了实地野外调查研究,分析了植物区系和植物多样性及其受威胁状况。结果表明:(1)该保护区具有丰富的植物物种多样性,有维管束植物174科730属1733种(含亚种、变种),其中,国家重点保护野生植物有23种;(2)该区植物区系成分具有复杂性、多样性,拥有中国种子植物分布区类型属级水平的全部类型,但明显偏重于温带性质。且植物区系起源古老,有中国特有分布属37个,其中,古特有属27个;(3)该区具有丰富的植被类型,包括4个植被型组,8个植被型,26个群系,具有较高的保护和科研价值。同时针对保护区植物多样性受威胁状况,提出了植被恢复、加强防火设备设施建设、生态移民、保护珍稀濒危植物及社区共管是保护植物多样性的有效措施。     

Morphogenesis of Pistillate Flowers of Cercidiphyllum japonicum(Cercidiphyllaceae)

Floral morphogenesis and the development of Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb.et Zucc.were observed by scanning electronmicroscopy(SEM).The results showed that the pistillate inflorescences were congested spikes with the flowers arrangedopposite.Great differences between the so-called"bract"and the vegetative leaf were observed both in morphogenesis andmorphology.In morphogenesis,the"bract"primordium is crescent-shaped,truncated at the apex and not conduplicate,has no stipule primordium at the base but does have some inconspicuous teeth in the margin that are not glandular.Theleaf primordium is triangular,cycloidal at the apex,conduplicate,has two stipule primordia at the base,has one gland-toothat the apex occurring at first and some gland-teeth in the margin that occur later.In morphology,the"bract"is also differentto the vegetative leaf in some characteristics that were also illustrated in the present paper.Based on the hypothesis thatthe bract is more similar to the vegetative leaf than the tepal,we considered that the so-called"bract"of C.japonicum mightbe the tepal of the pistillate flower in morphological nature.Therefore,each pistillate flower contains a tepal and a carpel.We did not find any trace of other floral organs in the morphogenesis of the pistillate flower.Therefore we consideredthat the unicarpellate status of extant Cercidiphyllum might be to highly reduce and advance characteristics that make theextant Cercidiphyllum isolated from both fossil Cercidiphyllum-like plants and its extant affinities.