尼氏钝绥螨对柑桔始叶螨捕食作用研究

尼氏钝梁螨AmblyseiusnicholsiEharaetLee是贵州省桔园叶螨天敌优势种,对抑制叶螨种群有一定作用。关于保护利用该螨综合防治柑桔全爪螨已有报道[1,2],但对柑桔上男一重要叶螨──柑桔始叶螨的捕食作用、控制能力等方面报道较少。本文研究了尼氏纯绥螨对柑桔给叶螨捕食作用,为柑桔始叶螨综合治理提供理论依据。王材料和方法1．1虫源：尼氏钝绥做雄成螨和柑桔始叶绒成螨采自桔园。卵、幼螨、若螨均在室内饲养而得。1．2反应皿设置：在直径为12cm的培养皿内置一层浸水的泡沫,上面平铺1张滤纸,其上放1张平展的柑桔叶片,叶片四周用浸过…     

五种恙螨染色体核型的研究

恙螨染色体的研究迄今仅Shirai等(1984)简要地报道了三种纤恙螨的染色体核型。本实验采用压片法和改良空气干燥法,研究观察五种恙螨有丝分裂染色体核型。初静止化蛹1—3天的成蛹阶段是制作恙螨有丝分裂染色体标本的最佳虫期。微红纤恙螨,地里纤恙螨和巨螫齿恙螨染色体数目为2n=14;苍白纤恙螨和小板纤恙螨为2n=16。染色体呈大小不等的小棒状,单着丝粒,但多不清晰,仅可见着丝点区浅染。部分核型出现染色体异型现象。核型性别未明,性别决定机制不清。     

桔全爪螨与柑桔相互作用的研究

研究了不同柑桔品种对桔全爪螨Ｐａｎｏｎｙｃｈｕｓｃｉｔｒｉ（ＭｃＧ）种群的影响,桔全爪螨危害对柑桔生理的影响以及柑桔叶片受受后对桔全爪螨种群的反馈作用,结果表明：供试的１０个柑桔品种对桔全爪螨种群生长发育,繁殖时明显的影响,品种间存在感螨性差异。     

巴氏钝绥螨对柑桔全爪螨的捕食效能

本文研究了巴氏钝绥螨Amblyseius barkeri的雌成螨、雄成螨、若螨在实验条件下对柑桔全爪螨的捕食效能。结果表明：5个实验温度条件下（16、20、24、28和32℃,RH85％）,利用椭圆食粉螨饲养的巴氏钝绥螨Panonychus citri对柑桔全爪螨均有较强的捕食能力;巴氏钝绥螨对柑桔全爪螨的功能反应均属于Holling Ⅱ型。在实验温度范围内,各螨态对柑桔全爪螨的控制能力（α／Th值）随温度升高而增大,在28℃时达到峰值;同一温度条件下,雌成螨的捕食能力最大,若螨其次,雄成螨的捕食能力最弱;在猎物密度固定时,由于巴氏钝绥螨个体之间存在相互竞争和相互干扰作用,随着捕食者密度的提高,捕食者平均捕食量逐渐减少。巴氏钝绥螨对各螨态柑桔全爪螨的取食有选择性,柑桔全爪螨的幼若螨是巴氏钝绥螨的嗜好虫态。     

国产黄连属植物的染色体核型分析

中国黄连属6种1变种分属叶掌状三全裂和叶掌状五全裂2个类群,前者包括三角叶黄连、峨眉黄连、云南黄连、黄连和其变种短萼黄连;而分布于滇东南的五裂黄连和产于台湾的五叶黄连则归于后者。采用根尖压片法和卡宝品红染色法,对除五叶黄连外的中国黄连属5种1变种,以及日本黄连进行染色体核型比较分析,从细胞学角度为探讨中国黄连属植物的系统分类提供新的线索和证据。结果表明:(1)五裂黄连(2n=2x=18=2M+16m)、短萼黄连(2n=2x=18=8m+10sm)和日本黄连(2n=2x=18=12m+6sm)的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道。(2)7个材料的染色体基数均为9,除三角叶黄连为三倍体外,其余均为二倍体。(3)叶为掌状三全裂的二倍体种核型一致,为2A型,染色体类型以及不对称系数均很相似;叶为掌状五全裂的五裂黄连与五叶黄连的核型更接近,为1A型,核型特征的共性表明了这2个类群的自然属性。(4)三倍体三角叶黄连的不对称程度较高,核型为3A型,其染色体大小与峨眉黄连最接近。(5)根据核型不对称程度和染色体大小,结合地理分布,推测叶掌状五全裂种为本属的原始类群。     

柑桔全爪螨自然种群动态的模拟模型

本文运用时间序列分析方法对上海市长兴岛前卫农场柑桔园内柑桔全爪螨及其天敌江原钝绥螨的种群动态进行分析和模拟,分别建立了关于柑桔全爪螨及其天敌种群数量动态的作用,预测柑桔全爪螨种群数量的变化趋势,模拟效果良好,对田间防治具有一定的参考价值。     

茅舍血厉螨核型及染色体的C带、G带的研究

本文首次报道了一种革螨——茅舍血厉螨核型及染色体C带、G带的研究。用剖腹取卵法、玻璃纸压片、Giemsa染色,经分析茅舍血厉螨的核型,单倍体n=7,二倍体2n=14。 用氢氧化钡—吉姆萨技术显示茅舍血厉螨染色体C带。在第1、2、4、5染色体上出现恒定的C带部分,第3、6、7染色体上出现不恒定的C带部分。根据C带带型,茅舍血厉螨着丝点的位置可分为近中区域(sm),近端区域(St),末端区域(t)和末端点(T)四类。 G带分析用胰蛋白酶—吉姆萨技术显示。 本文对茅舍血厉螨的核型、革螨染色体研究中螨卵的收集方法和染液的改进、C带带型与着丝粒位置的确定和G带显带问题进行了讨论。     

柑桔全爪螨（蜱螨亚纲：叶螨科）在梨树上季节性发生影响种群动态

柑桔全爪螨为害梨树时春夏种群密度极低但随后却突然爆发,形成一年之中只有秋季一个高峰期之发生规律,这与其在柑桔上一年之中两个发生高峰期的发生特点形成鲜明对照。为阐明柑桔全爪螨在梨树直的这种季节消长规律之成因,本采用对比研究方法分析研究了该螨在梨叶和柑桔叶一年之中的产卵率,成活率以及卵的孵化率等生态学习性。结果表明产卵率在梨叶与柑桔叶之间全年均无显差异;然而其在梨叶上的成活率以及卵的孵化率在八月之产明显低于其在柑桔叶上之值,且差异显或极显,但八月之后以上各项指标在梨叶和柑桔叶上均无显差异。     

锦鸡儿属3种植物的核型研究

以锦鸡儿属中间锦鸡儿、柠条锦鸡儿、狭叶锦鸡儿为材料,用光学显微镜观察了3种锦鸡儿的染色体,按全国第一次植物染色体学术讨论会建议的标准进行了核型分析。结果表明,3种锦鸡儿的体细胞染色体数目2n=16,核型公式分别为:中间锦鸡儿2n=2x=16=10m 6sm、柠条锦鸡儿2n=2x=16=12m 4sm、狭叶锦鸡儿2n=2x=16=14m 2sm,中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿的核型属于2A型,狭叶锦鸡儿的核型属于2B型。狭叶锦鸡儿二倍体染色体核型为首次报道。     

桤木属7种植物的核型分析

利用改良去壁低渗法对分布于欧美地区的桦木科(Betulaceae)桤木属(Alnus Mill.)7种植物进行染色体数目与核型分析。结果显示:所有材料染色体形态比较一致,多为由中部(m)及近中部(sm)着丝点染色体组成。意大利桤木(A.cordata)为六倍体,体细胞染色体数为2n=6x=42,核型公式为2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;绿桤木(A.viridis)为八倍体,体细胞染色体数为2n=8x=56,核型公式为2n=8x=56=46m+10sm(SAT);薄叶桤木(A.tenuifolia)、灰桤木(A.incana)、欧洲桤木(A.glutinosa)、裂叶桤木(A.sinuata)和红桤木(A.rubra)均为四倍体,体细胞染色体数均为2n=4x=28,其核型公式分别为2n=4x=28=16m(1SAT)+12sm、2n=4x=28=22m+6sm、2n=4x=28=24m+4sm、2n=4x=28=24m+4sm、2n=4x=28=26m+2sm。其中红桤木(A.rubra)的核型属于1B型,其余均为2B型。     

柑橘全爪螨空间格局与抽样技术的研究

本应用空间分布型统计参数IwaoM-X模型中α,β及6个聚集指标分析了柑橘全爪螨的空间格局,并对抽样技术进行了探讨。结果表明,柑橘全爪螨的空间格局为聚集型;田间的抽样部位是上、中、下三部的叶片。提出了估算柑橘全爪螨在不同虫口密度下的理论抽样数。     

华东地区园林叶螨的初步研究（蜱螨目：叶螨总科）

笔经过数年的调查研究,查知华东园林植物上叶螨种类90种,分属3科22属。章报道了这些种类及其新的寄主植物和分布,研究发现,酢酱草如叶螨,柑桔全爪螨、构始叶螨、截形如螨,神泽叶螨,柏小爪螨,合肥埃须螨,俄勒冈小扁螨,刘氏短须螨和卵形短须螨等为园林植物上的主要种类,二点叶螨和朱砂叶螨是世界性分布的重要害螨。通常被认为是主要种类,但在华东园林植物上分布尚有限,加强检疫防止它们的传播扩散是十分必要的,章讨论了其它有关问题,所有标本均存放于上海农学院园环系农螨研究室。     

百合科扭柄花属一个新的染色体基数

对中国云南西部和西北部分布的腋花扭柄花Streptopus simplex的4个居群进行了细胞学研究。生长在云南西北香格里拉县(原中甸县)碧塔海和小中甸冷杉林中的腋花扭柄花两个居群的体细胞染色体数目为2n=2x=18,而生长在高黎贡山的福贡县片马和贡山县的灌丛中的植物体细胞染色体数目则为2n=2x=14。2n=14为腋花扭柄花一个新的染色体数目,x=7为扭柄花属一个新的染色体基数。香格里拉碧塔海和小中甸两个居群的核型公式分别为2n=4m+8sm+4st和2n=8m+2sm+6st,染色体逐渐变小;贡山和福贡片马两个居群的核型公式分别为2n=14=4m+10sm和2n=14=7m+7sm,其中第一对中部着丝粒的染色体显著大于其余染色体。由于x=8是扭柄花属最常见的染色体基数,因此可认为x=8是腋花扭柄花的染色体原始基数,x=7的数目是衍生的;x=7居群染色体的一条大染色体可能是由x=8的染色体的两条st型染色体的着丝粒发生了罗伯逊易位而来。     

毒药树属的核型及其系统学意义

研究了单型属毒药树属Sladerua的核型,并与被认为有关的狭义山茶科、厚皮香科和猕猴桃科等进行了核型比较。毒药树属的体细胞中期染色体数目为2n=48,核型公式2n=4x=48=4M 36m 8sm,核型为2A型,没有发现随体和次缢痕。体细胞间期核为浓密分散型,前期核为中间型。结果表明,毒药树属与相关类群不但在染色体基数上有差异,而且在染色体大小、核型、间期核、前期核以及随体的有无等方面都不尽相同。研究结果不支持目前分子研究的观点,即把毒药树属放在厚皮香科,且认为它与猕猴桃科和狭义山茶科的亲缘关系也较远。     

山东米口袋属植物的核型分析

对山东米口袋属 ( Gueldenstaedtia Fisch.)植物进行了核型分析。米口袋 ( G.multiflora Bge.)核型公式 K( 2 n) =2 x=14 =14 m ,相对长度组成 2 n=14 =6 M2 +8M1,“1A”类型 ;狭叶米口袋 ( G.stenophylla Bge.)核型公式 K( 2 n) =2 x=14 =14 m,相对长度组成 2 n=14 =8M2 +6 M1,“1A”类型 ;光滑米口袋 ( G.maritimaMaxim.)核型公式 K( 2 n) =2 x=14 =12 m+2 sm,相对长度组成 2 n=14 =4 M2 +10 M1,“1A”类型。     

Chromosome evolution within theOrnithogalum tenuifolium complex (Hyacinthaceae), with special emphasis on the evolution of bimodal karyotypes

Hypotheses on the evolution of the karyotypes of 8 chromosome races (2n = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16-two forms, 26) within theOrnithogalum tenuifolium complex are discussed. Four of the karyotypes are strictly bimodal: 2n = 8 (6 long and two short chromosomes), 2n = 10 (6 long and 4 short chromosomes), 2n = 12 (6 long and 6 short chromosomes) and 2n = 16 (12 long and 4 short chromosomes). The hypotheses are tested by means of measurements of nuclear DNA content, studies of meiosis and pollen fertility of hybrids, and comparisons of karyotype morphology. The results indicate that the E. African 2n = 12 chromosome race is the most primitive and has given rise to the other chromosome races. The 2n = 6 race is found to have a significantly higher fitness than the 2n = 12 race.     

子午岭产4种百合科植物的核型多样性研究

对子午岭产百合科黄精属大苞黄精（Ｐ．ｍｅｇａｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ）、玉竹（Ｐ．ｏｄｏｒａｔｕｍ）,百合属的细叶百合（Ｌ．ｐｕｍｉｌｕｍ）,葱属的糙葶韭（Ａ．ａｎｉｓｏｐｏｄｉｕｍ）４种植物进行了染色体研究。其染色体数目和核型分别为：玉竹２ｎ（２ｘ）＝２０＝１２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋８ｓｍ,核型为２Ｂ型;大苞黄精２ｎ（２ｘ）＝２２＝４ｍ＋１２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ,核型为３Ｂ型;细叶百合２ｎ（２ｘ）＝２４＝４ｍ＋１０ｓｔ     

The karyotype of Cepaea sylvatica (Pulmonata: Helicidae) and its relationship to those of C. hortensis and C. nemoralis

The karyotypes of Cepaea nemoralis (L.) and C. hortensis (Müller), with 2n=44 and a conspicuously large pair of chromosomes, are described and compared with that of C. sylvatica (Draparnaud) which has 2n=50. The karyotype of C. sylvatica also has a conspicuously large pair of chromosomes but the comparison suggests that these have an independent origin from those in the 2n = 44 species. There is no evidence that the large chromosomes in C. nemoralis and C. hortensis have originated from simple fusion of chromosomes from a 2n=50 karyotype with chromosomes all sub-equal such as is reported for C. vindobonensis. It may be that such a karyotype with little size differentiation amongst the chromosomes is not a primitive feature in the Helicinae. The relationship of shell colour and banding polymorphism to the chromosome architecture is discussed.     

Reproductive interference and its consequences for the competitive interactions between two closely related Panonychus spider mites

Two genetically incompatible Panonychus mites (Panonychus citri and Panonychus mori) geographically segregate their distributions in Japan. They occasionally co-exist on deciduous fruit trees at the intermediate latitudes, but their occurrences are unstable and P. mori is often excluded. Interspecific matings between the two species interfere with a subsequent effective intraspecific mating, to a greater extent for P. mori than for P. citri. Panonychus mori males show a strong preference for conspecific females, whereas P. citri males do not show any mating preference. This suggests that under the co-existence of the two species the deleterious effect through reproductive interference is more intense for P. mori than for P. citri. On peach trees where the two species co-exist with various density ratios, the proportion of ineffective females (females that did not produce any female offspring) was higher in P. mori than in P. citri and the proportion increased with increasing density of the other species relative to that of its own species. A simple differential equation model incorporating the above reproductive interference demonstrated that the stable co-existence of the two species is unlikely and that P. citri will have a much higher chance of excluding P. mori, due to a greater reproductive interference effect and higher reproductive rate than the latter. However, the outcome of competition depends on the initial density ratios, which will be influenced by various stochastic events, thereby reducing the probability of one-sided exclusion over a wider area. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Differences in ecological and genetic traits between Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations infesting citrus and Osmant hus

Comparative studies of the ecological and genetic traits of Panonychus citri (McGregor) populations on citrus and other host plants were conducted. Panonychus citri on Osmanthus trees has a unique esterase allele and host range in comparison with populations on other host plants, for example Citrus unshiu and Ilex crenata. Reproductive incompatibility between P. citri populations on C. unshiu and Osmanthus fragrans was found. Therefore, in Japan, P. citri differentiates into two groups one of which associates with Osmanthus, and the other with other host plants. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.