黄三七(毛茛科)茎次生木质部导管穿孔板的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对东亚特有植物黄三七（Souliea vaginata（Maxim.） Franch.）茎的次生木质部离析材料进行了观察,结果表明,黄三七茎次生木质部中的导管分子端壁上具网状穿孔板（麻黄式穿孔板）、梯状穿孔板、网状-梯状混合穿孔板、网状-梯状-单穿孔混合型穿孔板、梯状-单穿孔混合型穿孔板及单穿孔板,同时也观察到了端壁多穿孔板和侧壁穿孔板,并对不同类型穿孔板中纹孔膜的残留也进行了观察。其中,网状穿孔板、各种过渡类型的穿孔板均为毛茛科植物中首次报道。根据观察结果,对导管分子穿孔板的演化及黄三七属植物的系统位置进行了分析。     

类叶升麻(毛茛科)次生木质部管状分子的研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对毛良科类叶升麻（Artaea asiaticaHara）根和根状茎次生木质部中的管状分子进行观察．发观其管状分子类型丰富,主要有：管胞、管胞状导管、纤维导管和典型的导管分子,其中管胞、管胞状导管和纤维导管为在该类群中首次报道;在导管分子中．存在着梯状穿孔板、网状穿孔板、混合型穿孔板和单穿孔板．其中网状穿孔板和混合型穿孔板为在陔类群中的首次报道;对其导管分子上的侧壁穿孔板、多穿孔板和纹孔膜残余也进行了描述。根据类叶升麻次生木质部中多变的管状分子类型,认为以往积累的有关毛茛科植物管状分子类型及导管穿孔板类型是小个面的,因此以该性状为参考作出的有关某一个类群的原始性和进化性的推论也是不可靠的。同时探讨了不同类型管状分子作类叶升麻不同器官的分布与其生理功能和生态环境的关系,同时将该植物作为毛莨科的代表类群．与其它基邴类群植物导管分子进行了比较。     

黄三七( 毛茛科) 茎次生木质部导管穿孔板的研究*

利用扫描电子显微镜对东亚特有植物黄三七( Souliea vaginata (Maxim. ) Franch. ) 茎的次生木质部
离析材料进行了观察, 结果表明, 黄三七茎次生木质部中的导管分子端壁上具网状穿孔板( 麻黄式穿孔
板) 、梯状穿孔板、网状- 梯状混合穿孔板、网状- 梯状- 单穿孔混合型穿孔板、梯状- 单穿孔混合型穿
孔板及单穿孔板, 同时也观察到了端壁多穿孔板和侧壁穿孔板, 并对不同类型穿孔板中纹孔膜的残留也进
行了观察。其中, 网状穿孔板、各种过渡类型的穿孔板均为毛茛科植物中首次报道。根据观察结果, 对导
管分子穿孔板的演化及黄三七属植物的系统位置进行了分析。     

木通科4属植物导管穿孔板的比较研究

运用扫描电子显微镜法(SEM)对木通科(Lardizabalaceae)4属植物茎的次生木质部导管分子进行观察,结果表明:(1)端壁均具有单穿孔板;(2)串果藤属的导管分子具有丰富的穿孔板类型,包括网状、梯状、单穿孔及过渡类型,穿孔具有网状、丝状、片状的纹孔膜残余;大血藤属和八月瓜属的导管分子具有相似的特征,端壁具有梯状、单穿孔及梯—单混合穿孔板;野木瓜属只具有单穿孔板;(3)侧壁上具有穿孔板,多为梯状或梯—网混合类型(除了野木瓜属);(4)野木瓜属的导管侧壁具有独特的螺旋状加厚。各属导管的不同特征为木通科的系统演化提供比较可靠的依据。     

猫儿屎导管分子穿孔板新类型的发现

运用扫描电镜(SEM)对木通科(Lardizabalaceae)猫儿屎属(Decaisnea Hook.f. & Thoms.)植物猫儿屎[Decaisnea insignis (Griff.) Hook.f.et Thoms.]茎的次生木质部导管分子进行观察,以期为该属的系统演化提供依据.结果表明,猫儿屎的导管分子具有多个穿孔板,端壁穿孔板除了梯状以外,还有梯-网、梯-网-单、梯-单混合穿孔板等类型;侧壁穿孔板包括梯状、网状、梯-网混合状穿孔板;穿孔板上纹孔膜的残余有丝状、网状和片状.同时对导管分子的长度、宽度及端壁倾斜度等特征进行统计,并讨论了木通科各类群的穿孔板特征.     

阳桃次生木质部导管分子及侵填体的研究

运用细胞图象分析系统和显微照相的方法对阳桃次生木质部导管分子进行了观察研究。次生木质部导管分子类型有两端具尾导管、一端具尾导管和无尾导管。导管分子穿孔板存在着2种类型:两端均为一个单穿孔板;一端为一个单穿孔板,另一端为具两个单穿孔的复穿孔板。48%的导管分子具有囊状侵填体;管间纹孔式为互列纹孔式。     

领春木茎次生木质部中导管穿孔板的变异

领春木Euptelea pleiosperma Hook. f. &; Thoms.隶属领春木科Eupteleaceae。该科为东亚特有的单型科,其系统位置一直颇有争议。本文对中国产领春木茎次生木质部中导管穿孔板的变异进行了观察,以期为它的系统位置提供进一步的解剖学证据。结果表明,领春木茎次生木质部中包括无明显穿孔板的管胞状导管和典型的导管两种类型。在无明显穿孔板的导管中,穿孔中的纹孔膜全部或部分消失,但穿孔无规则排列或聚集,不形成具典型的形态特征的穿孔板;在典型的导管中,穿孔板形态变异较大,包括几个类型:网状穿孔板(含麻黄式穿孔板)、网状和梯状混合型穿孔板、梯状穿孔板、梯状穿孔板向单穿孔板的过渡。在上述导管穿孔板类型中,只有梯状穿孔板的穿孔中可以观察到纹孔膜的残余。在领春木次生木质部中也观察到了端壁多穿孔板及侧壁穿孔板。根据观察结果,我们认为领春木次生木质部导管穿孔板的许多特征说明该科可能处于毛茛目中比较原始的系统位置。     

余甘子次生木质部导管分子观察研究

运用细胞图象分析系统及显微照相的方法,对余甘子次生木质部导管分子进行观察研究.结果发现,余甘子次生木质部导管分子中存在着许多不同的样式,导管分子大多数具尾;其穿孔板存在着两种类型:(1)两端均为1个单穿孔板;(2)一端为1个单穿孔板另一端为2个单穿孔板;(3)极少数的导管分子具有特殊的内含物;(4)管间纹孔式为互列纹孔式;(5)导管射线间纹孔式为混合型纹孔与横列刻痕状纹孔以及梯状穿孔.     

毛茛科植物导管穿孔板结构的比较观察

本文对毛茛科38属88种植物导管分子的穿孔板结构进行了比较观察。根据穿孔板的结构可分为三种型式:(1)单穿孔板,这类穿孔板较普遍存在。(2)梯状穿孔板,发现有26属37种植物的导管分子具有此类穿孔板。芍药属和星果草属植物导管分子均只具有梯状穿孔板,无单穿孔板。在其他种中,可见或多或少地具有梯状穿孔板,而其中有的具有较少的横条或具过渡型的穿孔板。(3)“买麻藤式”穿孔板,在11属12种植物中可见到这类穿孔板,它们被认为是由网状穿孔板演化为单穿孔板时的过渡类型。     

花楸(Sorbus pohuashanensis)导管分子穿孔板的类型及演化

对花楸茎次生木质部进行离析研究,发现其导管穿孔板有两种类型,即网状穿孔板和单穿孔板,并且还有5种过渡类型,具不同类型穿孔板的导管分子有3种类型,即两端均为网状穿孔板的导管分子;一端为网状穿孔板,另一端为单穿孔板的导管分子;两端的均为单穿孔板的导管分子,在花楸个体发育过程中穿孔板类型的演化重演了系统发育过程中导管网状穿孔板演化成单穿孔板的过程。     

鹅掌楸属(木兰科)次生木质部导管穿孔板的比较研究

利用扫描电子显微镜对鹅掌楸属仅存的2个自然种鹅掌楸和北美鹅掌楸的次生木质部导管穿孔板特征进行了详细的研究。结果显示,鹅掌楸属的2个种均以梯状穿孔板为主,同时存在网状-梯状混合穿孔板。鹅掌楸和北美鹅掌楸的导管穿孔板具有明显差异:(1)鹅掌楸具网状穿孔板,而北美鹅掌楸没有观察到;(2)北美鹅掌楸具单穿孔板,而鹅掌楸在该实验中未发现;(3)北美鹅掌楸具有横隔较粗的梯状穿孔板且横隔数目较多;(4)鹅掌楸的导管穿孔板多数横隔较少;(5)北美鹅掌楸的穿孔板倾斜角度较大;(6)北美鹅掌楸具麻黄式穿孔板的存在,且有纹孔膜残留存在。研究认为,北美鹅掌楸导管分子穿孔板分化较鹅掌楸更为剧烈。     

蜈蚣草导管分子的观察

对蜈蚣草(Pteris vittata)叶轴中导管分子进行了观察。结果表明,其导管分子十分细长,均具长、且十分倾斜的梯状穿孔板,穿孔没有纹孔膜的残余,与侧壁上的梯纹纹孔有着明显的差异。     

国产五味子科植物导管分子的比较解剖

对五味子科 2属 1 9种植物导管分子的结构进行了比较观察。结果表明 :2属均以具缘纹孔导管为主 ,少有梯纹和螺纹导管 ,南五味子属多数种还有梯孔纹导管 ;2属导管长度和宽度差异很小 ,长 /宽比值有差异 ;根据穿孔板的结构可分为 2种形式 :( 1 )单穿孔板 ,这类穿孔板较普遍存在 ;( 2 )梯形穿孔板 ,发现 2属中的红花五味子 (Schisandrarubriflora)、五味子 (S .chinensis)、翼梗五味子 (S .henryi)、铁箍散 (S .propinquavar.sinensis)和黑老虎 (Kadsuracoccinea) 5种植物的导管分子具有此类穿孔板。其中五味子属中的五味子导管分子只具有梯形穿孔板 ,无单穿孔板 ,但横条较少 ,多为 2～ 3条。     

中国木兰属和含笑属导管分子的比较解剖

本文对我国木兰科的39种木兰属和含笑属植物次生木质部的导管分子进行了初步分析。两属导管分子的长度和宽度略有差异。木兰属中多数种的导管分于有单穿孔板,但有的可见到梯状穿孔板。含笑属植物的导管分子大多具有梯状穿孔板,仅有一种可看到单穿孔板。在具有梯状穿孔板的木兰属植物中,穿孔板的横隔数目较含笑属的多。木兰属的导管壁上一般无螺纹加厚;含笑属则相反。此外,在两属之间,导管尚存在一些其它差异。     

Water Flow Through Vessel Perforation Plates--A Fluid Mechanical Approach

The effect of scalariform perforation plates on the flow ofwater through plant vessels remains poorly understood. In thisstudy, a new computational tool based on finite element methodsolutions to the Navier-Stokes equation was applied to modellingfluid flow through these structures in plant vessels. Modelsdeveloped for Liriodendron tulipifera vessel elements were solvedfor cells with and without the perforation plate to study effectsof the plate on the pressure drop along the cell. Results indicatethat the pressure gradient was 5-fold greater through the platethan for regions before and after the plate. However, the perforationplate in this species accounts for only about 8% of the resistanceto flow through typical vessels because the plate influencesflow for only a short distance along the cell relative to itslength. Details of the flow characteristics through pores ofthe perforation plate are also described. Key words: Conductance, finite element method, perforation plate, vessel, water flow     

Discovery of vessels in Tetracentron (Trochodendraceae) and its systematic significance

Through SEM observation, we found that there are vessels as well as tracheids in the secondary wood of Tetracentron sinense Oliv. The vessel elements are as narrow and as long as or slightly shorter than the tracheids and generally have 1 to 3 very long, or sometimes relatively short and oblique end-wall perforation plates; such perforation plates are also present on the lateralwalls. The perforation plates of the vessels include scalariform and reticulate-scalariform types, with various degrees of membrane remnants present in the end walls.     

Wood anatomy of theSarraceniaceae; ecological and evolutionary implications

The wood of theSarraceniaceae has a considerable number of primitive features including scalariform perforation plates, long and oblique end walls, scalariform lateral wall pitting, solitary vessels, tracheids with scalariform pitting, and diffuse axial parenchyma. Vessel elements in the genusHeliamphora have the greatest number of primitive features, while vessel elements inDarlingtonia andSarracenia appear to have modifications relating to temperate climates. The wood anatomy suggests thatHeliamphora is growing in a habitat more similar to the original habitat for the family thanDarlingtonia andSarracenia. The wood of theSarraceniaceae is similar to the wood of theTheales.     

Wood anatomy ofTrimeniaceae

Four collections of three species ofTrimenia and one collection ofPiptocalyx were studied; early-formed and later-formed wood was analyzed for oneTrimenia. Liquid-preserved material permitted analysis of mucilage and starch storage in wood ofT. neocaledonica andP. moorei. BecausePiptocalyx is scandent whereasTrimenia is arborescent, wood differences relative to evolution of a climbing habit could be examined.Piptocalyx contrasts withTrimenia in having wider vessels, more numerous per mm², resulting in a conductive area five times greater per unit area than that of theTrimenia woods averaged.Piptocalyx has appreciably fewer bars per perforation plate and thus much greater conductive area per perforation plate than have the species ofTrimenia. Rays inPiptocalyx are much taller and wider than those ofTrimenia. Wood ofTrimeniaceae is highly primitive in its scalariform perforation plates, scalariform lateral wall pitting on vessels, relatively long vessels elements, and heterocellular rays. Imperforate tracheary elements are septate nucleate fibertracheids (or even libriform fibers) rather than tracheids, but loss of borders on pits (and thus lowered conductive function of the imperforate tracheary elements) can be explained by the development of these elements into starchstoring cells. Some fiber-tracheids inT. neocaledonica are enlarged mucilagecontaining cells. Details of vessel structure inTrimeniaceae are similar to those ofMonimiaceae (s. s.), but similarity to some other lauralean (annonalean) families may be found: in mucilage presence,Trimeniaceae resembleLauraceae rather thanMonimiaceae. Wood ofTrimeniaceae may be regarded as highly mesomorphic, corresponding to the moist habitats in which all of the species occur.