沉积物再悬浮对浮游藻类影响的模拟实验研究

作为浅水湖泊的重要特性之一,由风浪等动力作用引起的沉积物再悬浮对浮游藻类的初级生产力、群落结构具有重要意义。本研究通过生长季节(5-6月)在太湖梅梁湾湖岸的中宇宙模拟实验,比较在同样的外源负荷下浮游藻类对不同的沉积物再悬浮程度的影响特征,以及其主要的影响因子。实验在约250L的大桶中进行,通过位于沉积物-水界面的水泵的动力作用,模拟了三个不同程度沉积物再悬浮:无再悬浮即对照、弱悬浮和强悬浮程度。实验结果显示:(1)对照、弱悬浮和强悬浮之间悬浮物浓度呈显著性梯度变化,平均值分别为5、30、40 mg·L^-1,水下20cm光密度分别为表面光密度的80%、35%和25%。TN和TP在悬浮处理组显著高于对照组,但是弱悬浮和强悬浮之间差异不显著。生物可利用的各种溶解性营养盐形式对再悬浮的响应特征不明显。(2)浮游藻类生物量和群落结构对再悬浮的响应显著。对照组的Chla在整个实验阶段都很低,强悬浮组和弱悬浮组的平均Chla分别5倍和2倍于对照组。实验初始浮游藻类群落种类多样性低,优势种群主要为隐藻(隐藻属Cryptomonas spp.和蓝隐藻Chroomonas acuta)。再悬浮处理显著促进了隐藻的生长,但弱悬浮和强悬浮之间差异不显著。对照组优势种群演替为微小型种类蓝隐藻和绿藻门的纤维藻属(Ankistrodesmus sp.)。(3)以相对丰度为统计数据,浮游动物群落结构对再悬浮的响应显著,弱悬浮和强悬浮之间差异不显著。对照组的枝角类大型种类溞属(Daphnia spp.)丰度显著高于再悬浮处理组,枝角类小型种类象鼻溞属(Bosmina spp.)和网纹溞属(Ceriodaphnia spp.)、轮虫丰度则呈相反趋势。可见,再悬浮促进了沉积物营养盐的释放和水下光照的衰减,还影响了浮游动物的群落结构,使其向摄食藻类能力较差的种类演替,从而在上行(bottom-up)和下行(top-down)两个方面影响了浮游藻类的现存量和群落结构。     

背角无齿蚌对水体净化作用的研究

通过设置不同生物量的背角无齿蚌, 研究其对再悬浮水体总悬浮质(TSS)、叶绿素a(Chla)及水体营养盐含量的影响。结果表明: (1)背角无齿蚌可以快速降低水体中总悬浮质(TSS)和叶绿素a(Chla)的浓度; (2)增大背角无齿蚌生物量可加快水体总悬浮质(TSS)和叶绿素a(Chla)浓度的下降速度; (3)背角无齿蚌在第2 天可降低水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、总溶解磷(TDP)的含量, 升高总溶解氮(TDN)的含量, 但试验结束时, 空白组和有蚌组总氮(TN)、总溶解氮(TDN)、总磷(TP)、总溶解磷(TDP)均没有显著差异(P>0.05)。因此, 背角无齿蚌可在水体生态修复初期用于快速降低水体悬浮物和浮游藻类含量, 但从长期看, 不能明显改善水体营养盐含量。     

光照与氮磷营养盐的协同作用对海带幼苗释放可溶性有机碳的影响

文章以海带(Saccharina japonica)幼苗为实验材料, 对比了其在自然海水+50%海面光强、自然海水+100%海面光强、营养盐加富海水+50%海面光强、营养盐加富海水+100%海面光强4种条件下的溶解有机碳(DOC)释放速率, 以揭示光照与营养盐的协同作用对大型藻类释放DOC的影响机制。研究发现, 在自然海水条件下, 50%与100%海面光强照射下海带幼苗DOC释放速率分别为(11.67±3.07)和(22.65±4.58) μmol/(g·h), 随着光强增加, 释放DOC速率显著提升(P＜0.05), 氧气净释放速率显著增大(P＜0.05), 且二者光谱斜率差异显著(P＜0.05); 在营养盐加富海水条件下, 50%与100%海面光强照射下海带幼苗DOC释放速率分别为(30.88±7.96)和(39.03±14.78) μmol/(g·h), 随着光强增加, 释放DOC速率提升不显著(P＞0.05), 氧气净释放速率显著提高79.24%(P＜0.05), 二者光谱斜率差异不显著(P＞0.05)。结果表明, 在寡营养条件下(自然海水), 海带幼苗释放DOC速率与光照强度呈正相关, 表现为“溢出”机制; 在富营养条件下, 海带幼苗释放DOC速率与光照强度不相关, 表现为“扩散”机制。海带幼苗释放DOC同时受到“溢出”和“扩散”两种机制的调控, 何种机制占主导取决于营养水平。     

荒漠短命植物地上和地下生产力对极端干旱和降水的响应

在古尔班通古特沙漠南缘沙垄4个坡位和坡向,设置减少65%和增加65%生长季降水量以模拟极端干旱和极端降水事件,研究极端干旱和极端降水事件对沙垄不同坡位和坡向短命植物层片生产力的影响。结果表明: 极端干旱使地上净初级生产力和地下净初级生产力分别显著降低48.8%和13.7%,极端降水使地上净初级生产力和地下净初级生产力分别显著增加37.9%和23.2%。地上净初级生产力对极端干旱和极端降水的敏感性(0.26和0.21 g·m^-2·mm^-1)显著强于地下净初级生产力的敏感性(0.02和0.03 g·m^-2·mm^-1)。沙垄东坡地上净初级生产力(24.22 g·m^-2)和地下净初级生产力(5.77 g·m^-2)与西坡相比显著增大29.7%和71.7%,而地上净初级生产力和地下净初级生产力对降水变化的敏感性在不同坡位和坡向之间差异不显著。     

溶藻细菌胞外活性物质对蛋白核小球藻的毒性效应

为了探索分离到的溶藻细菌L7胞外活性物质对蛋白核小球藻的毒性效应和致毒机理, 采用不同质量浓度的L7胞外活性物质冻干粉(L7-LPEAC)处理蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa), 测定藻细胞的光合作用效率(EPR)以及蛋白质、叶绿素a和丙二醛(MDA)的含量。L7-LPEAC溶液浓度较低(0.80 g/L和1.25 g/L)时促进蛋白核小球藻的生长, 其96 h、120 h的EC50分别为5.75 g/L和2.55 g/L。当L7-LPEAC溶液浓度≥2.00 g/L时, 叶绿素a和蛋白质含量变化同步呈现先增加后减少的趋势; 处理72 h后, L7-LPEAC溶液浓度分别为2.00 g/L, 3.13 g/L, 4.90 g/L的浓度组中, 藻细胞MDA含量与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05), 浓度组7.67 g/L和12.00 g/L则与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01); 处理120 h后, 各浓度组藻细胞叶绿素a含量的相对抑制率均大于60%。使用L7-LPEAC修复富营养化水体时, 选择适当的投加浓度, 既能杀灭引起水体富营养化的目标藻类, 又能避免对其他藻类产生抑制作用, 可以较好地维持水生生态系统的平衡。     

白洋淀附着藻类的初级生产力及其与水质的关系

附着藻类是湖泊中主要的生产者,尤其是草型湖泊。但与浮游藻类相比,针对附着藻类初级生产的研究还相对较少。采用原位调查与实验模拟相结合的方法测定2014—2015年间白洋淀附植藻类和附泥藻类的现存量和初级生产力,并对附着藻类初级生产与白洋淀水体理化参数的关系进行分析。结果表明,不同采样季节的附植藻类和附泥藻类的叶绿素a分别为34.83—245.22μg/cm~2和26.08—297.40μg/cm~2,无灰干重分别为0.46—5.21g/m~2和0.61—5.81g/m~2。两种附着藻类的生物量都在8月最高,4月和11月最低。空间分布上,南刘庄、府河入口的附着藻类生物量显著高于采蒲台和枣林庄。白洋淀附植藻类和附泥藻类的年均总初级生产分别为494.20mg C m~(-2)d~(-1)和474.45mg C m~(-2)d~(-1),呼吸速率为522.63mg C m~(-2)d~(-1)和508.98mg C m~(-2)d~(-1),净初级生产为-28.44mg C m~(-2)d~(-1)和-34.52mg C m~(-2)d~(-1)。白洋淀附着藻类初级生产力具有明显的时空分布规律,8月最高,6月次之,4月和11月最低,空间分布呈自西向东递减的趋势,在府河入淀口和南刘庄处最高,枣林庄和采蒲台最低。水质较好的区域的净初级生产力为正值,表明这些区域附着藻类以自养型群落为主,水质较差区域的净初级生产力为负值,则该区域以异养型群落为主。运用冗余分析法(RDA)探讨附着藻类与水质因子之间的关系,并采用向前引入法对水质因子进行逐步筛选,Monte Carlo置换检验结果显示,总磷、浮游植物叶绿素a、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、水温、透明度、溶解氧和氮磷比是影响附着藻类生物量和初级生产的关键水质因子。附着藻类的总初级生产与水体富营养化程度呈正相关关系。     

不同营养条件对金鱼藻净化作用及其生理生态的影响

以沉水植物金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）为研究对象,研究了较高营养条件（N:1030 mg/L,P:13 mg/L）对金鱼藻去除氮、磷能力的影响,金鱼藻的含磷量、生物量与净光合作用速率对营养负荷的响应。结果表明,金鱼藻-沉积物处理系统可有效去除氮、磷（去除率80%以上）,但去除效率随水中营养盐浓度的升高而下降。试验结束时各试验组金鱼藻总磷含量达7.0113.09 mg/g （平均9.03 mg/g）,显著高于对照组（2.853.17 mg/g,平均3.05 mg/g）,表明金鱼藻可以吸收水体中的磷。营养盐对金鱼藻生长有明显抑制,其抑制作用随营养盐浓度增高而加剧,除对照组外,各试验组金鱼藻均有叶片脱落,试验结束时金鱼藻生物量降至初始生物量的48.3%63.3%。在较高营养水体中,金鱼藻的净光合作用速率由试验开始时-0.0370.058 mg/（gh）显著上升至试验结束时0.180.44 mg/（gh）,而对照组变化不大,这表明在试验后期,随着水体营养盐浓度降低,金鱼藻开始进行恢复性生长,说明水体营养盐浓度对金鱼藻的净光合作用速率和生长速率有明显影响。金鱼藻尚不适宜作为滇池草海生态修复的先锋物种。       

青藏高原两种植被类型净初级生产力与气候因素的关系及周转值分析

基于2008—2016年青海海北站9年净初级生产力及气候因子监测数据,分析了青藏高原高寒小嵩草草甸和高寒金露梅灌丛两种植被净初级生产力年际动态,并探讨了气候因子对其影响及其不同土层深度根系周转值特征。结果表明:(1)年际尺度上,小嵩草草甸地上净初级生产力表现为显著增加趋势,增幅为7.02 g m~(-2) a~(-1),而金露梅灌丛地上净初级生产力相对较为稳定;对于其地下净初级生产力和总生产力,小嵩草草甸和金露梅灌丛均表现为增加趋势(P0.05),9年间小嵩草草甸地上、地下和总净初级生产力平均值分别为(217.55±9.95)、(1882.75±161.33) g m~(-2) a~(-1)和(2100.30±163.38) g m~(-2) a~(-1),金露梅灌丛地上、地下和总净初级生产力9年间平均值分别为(256.27±11.4)、(1614.31±173.03) g m~(-2) a~(-1)和(1870.58±177.93) g m~(-2) a~(-1)。(2)不同植被类型地上净初级生产力对气候因素响应不同,金露梅灌丛地上净初级生产力主要受温度影响,而温度对小嵩草草甸地上净初级生产力无显著影响。此外,降水不是限制高寒生态系统草地地上净初级生产力主要因子,相比于降水影响,高寒生态系统地上净初级生产力更受温度调控。(3)年均温和年降水对金露梅灌丛和小嵩草草甸地下净初级生产力均无显著影响(P0.05),表明高寒生态系统,其地下生产力受外界气候条件变化影响微弱,是一个稳定的碳库。(4)两种植被类型其根系周转值均随着土壤深度的增加呈逐渐增加趋势,且高寒灌丛根系周转值明显高于高寒草甸根系周转值。研究表明,在全球气候变暖背景下将会增加金露梅灌丛地上净初级生产力,而对小嵩草草甸地上净初级生产力无显著影响。     

不同藻密度下布洛芬浓度对萼花臂尾轮虫生命表统计学参数的影响

在不同斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)密度(1.0×10~6、2.0×10~6个细胞/m L和4.0×10~6个细胞/m L)下,研究了不同浓度的(0、1、10、100、1000μg/L和5000μg/L)布洛芬对萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)生命表统计学参数的影响。结果表明,与各藻密度下的对照组相比,当藻密度为1.0×106个细胞/m L时,100—5000μg/L布洛芬处理组中轮虫的生命期望和平均寿命显著缩短,100μg/L布洛芬处理组中轮虫的世代时间显著缩短,1.0μg/L布洛芬处理组中轮虫的净生殖率显著提高,10—5000μg/L布洛芬处理组中轮虫的后代混交率显著提高。当藻密度为2.0×10~6个细胞/mL时,10—5000μg/L布洛芬处理组中轮虫的生命期望和平均寿命显著缩短,1000μg/L和5000μg/L布洛芬处理组中轮虫的世代时间显著缩短,1、10、1000μg/L和5000μg/L布洛芬处理组中轮虫的种群内禀增长率显著提高,1μg/L和1000μg/L布洛芬处理组中轮虫的后代混交率显著提高。当藻密度为4.0×10~6个细胞/mL时,10—5000μg/L布洛芬处理组中轮虫的生命期望、平均寿命和世代时间显著缩短。藻密度对轮虫的世代时间、净生殖率和种群内禀增长率有显著性影响(P0.05),布洛芬浓度对轮虫的生命期望、平均寿命、世代时间、净生殖率和种群内禀增长率有显著性影响(P0.05),藻密度和布洛芬浓度的交互作用对轮虫的生命期望、平均寿命和后代混交率有显著性影响(P0.05)。在实验设置的布洛芬浓度范围内,2.0×10~6个细胞/m L藻密度下,轮虫的生命期望、平均寿命和世代时间与布洛芬浓度之间均具有显著的剂量—效应关系(P0.05); 4.0×10~6个细胞/m L藻密度下,轮虫的生命期望、平均寿命和净生殖率与布洛芬浓度之间均具有显著的剂量—效应关系(P0.05)。     

刺参养殖池塘初级生产力及其粒级结构周年变化

研究了刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)养殖池塘浮游植物初级生产力及粒级结构的周年变化规律,旨在明确刺参养殖池塘的基础生态学特征,为刺参养殖生产和管理提供科学支持。结果表明:刺参养殖池塘初级生产力年平均值为(5.16±3.04)gO2m-2d-1,全年呈现明显的季节变化,初级生产量分别在初春、夏季和初冬形成高峰。初级生产力群落净产量占毛产量的50.2%。P/R值与日P/B系数的年平均值分别为2.20±1.25和0.39±0.35。按初级生产力水平和P/R值划分的水体营养类型,调查刺参养殖池塘属富营养型水体;初级生产量随深度的增加而递减,最高生产层约在透明度的0.5倍处,且0.5倍透明度(约50 cm)以上水层初级生产量占水柱总产量的56.3%;不同粒级浮游植物生产量占总生产量的百分比具有明显的季节变化。除夏季外,以小型浮游植物(micro-,20—200μm)对初级生产力的贡献最大(43.5%),夏季为微型浮游植物(nano-,2—20μm)对初级生产力贡献最大(35.3%)。以年平均值计算,不同粒级浮游植物初级生产量占总生产量百分比的大小顺序为:小型(40.1%)微型(28.2%)中大型(16.1%)超微型(15.7%)。回归分析表明:试验池塘初级生产力水平与水温、营养盐中的氨氮和亚硝酸氮均呈显著的相关关系(P0.05)。结果提示,刺参养殖池塘初级生产力的季节变化显著,垂直分布并不均匀,小型浮游植物是其生态系统中的主要生产者。     

Light, nutrients and primary productivity in Lake Biwa: An evaluation of the current ecosystem situation

Simple correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between primary productivity and environmental factors in the north basin of Lake Biwa. The primary production rates used in the analyses were estimated monthly or bimonthly during the growing season (April–November) in 1992, 1996 and 1997 with the ¹³C method. Elemental (C, N and P) contents of seston were used to assess nutrient conditions. Analyses revealed that 86% of variance in depth-integrated primary production rates (areal PP) can be explained by changes in light intensity, and sestonic C, N and P concentrations. Water temperature had no effect on areal PP. To assess relative effects of light and nutrients on PP, the P:B ratio was estimated by normalizing PP with sestonic C. The areal P:B ratio correlated most significantly with the sestonic N:P ratio, followed by light intensity. When regression analyses were made at each depth, however, the P:B ratio correlated significantly only with the sestonic N:P ratio at 0 and 1 m depths, while light intensity was also incorporated into the regressions at deeper than 2.5 m. In these regressions, the P:B ratio was negatively correlated with sestonic N:P ratio but positively with light intensity. The results suggest that the primary production rate in this lake was mainly limited by P relative to N supply rates, but was not free from light limitation in a large part of the epilimnion. In Lake Biwa, the vertical water mixing regime as well as the nutrient supply seem to be important in determining the growth and composition of primary producers, since the surface mixing layer extends into 10–15 m depths during most of the growing season.     

连通工程对富营养化湖泊沉积物中污染物的影响

为揭示东湖-沙湖连通工程对富营养化湖泊沉积物中污染物的影响, 于2013年7月在东湖的水果湖及郭郑湖心采集了20 cm的柱状沉积物, 按2 cm分层测定了总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、酸挥发性硫化物(Acid volatile sulfides, AVS)及同步提取金属(Simultaneously extracted metals, SEM), 并与2004、2006和2008年(TOC、TN和TP)及1999年(AVS、SEM)数据进行了比较; 同时研究了郭郑湖沉积物氮磷的释放特性。结果表明, (1)水果湖沉积物中污染物含量普遍高于郭郑湖, 在连通前均呈增加的趋势; 连通后, TOC、TN的平均含量显著降低(P0.05), 与2008年比分别降低了25.1%和56.3%(水果湖)及31.9%、66.1%(郭郑湖); TP平均含量虽略高于2008年, 但水果湖沉积物低于2004及2006年, 郭郑湖表层沉积物也低于历年, 表明TP污染的趋势得到了遏制, 湖水流动性的增强有利于沉积物中污染物含量的降低; (2)随着沉积物表层氧化还原状况的改善,表层沉积物AVS含量降低, 且最高含量分别由26.4(水果湖)和26.2 mmol/kg(郭郑湖)降低到15.1和18.2 mmol/kg; SEM含量则升高, 导致SEM/AVS上升, 但SEM/AVS值均小于1, 沉积物尚未呈现重金属毒性; (3)东湖沉积物中的氮磷存在潜在的释放风险, 其释放与扰动强度有关, 且污染物含量高的底层沉积物释放更明显。因此,连通工程有利沉积物中污染物含量的降低, 但同时需要采取措施控制污染物释放的风险。     

Nutrient limitation to the decomposition of water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes)

The responses of decomposition to N and P supply were investigated in three leaf types of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms): dead green leaves collected from Donghu Lake; green, and brown leaves collected from outdoor tanks. The ratios of C:N, C:P, lignin:N and lignin:P were lowest in the green leaves collected from Donghu Lake, and highest in the brown leaves collected from outdoor tanks. Decomposition constant (k) of water hyacinth varied greatly, ranged from 0.006 to 0.099 d^–1. Leaf litters decayed most quickly within the initial two weeks during the experimental period, but decomposition rate decreased significantly in the following days. Decomposition and nutrient (N and P) release were fastest in the green leaves collected from Donghu Lake, intermediate in the green leaves collected from outdoor tanks, slowest in the brown leaves collected from outdoor tanks. Statistical analyses revealed that the effects of P-availability on decomposition rate and N, P release rate of the three litter types were significant, whereas the impacts of N-availability was insignificant (p > 0.05) except for the brown leaves collected from outdoor tanks. These results suggest that decomposition rate and nutrient content dynamics of water hyacinth differ with their growth habitats, and could partly be regulated by nutrient availability, especially by P-availability, in the environments.     

Inorganic nutrient and oxygen fluxes across the sediment–water interface in the inshore macrophyte areas of a shallow estuary (Lake Illawarra,Australia)

Rates of inorganic nutrient and oxygen fluxes, and gross community primary productivity were investigated using incubated cores in July, August and September 2001, in a seagrass meadow of Lake Illawarra, a barrier estuary in New South Wales, Australia. The results indicated that rates of gross primary productivity were high, varying from C = 0.62 to 1.89 g m^–2 d^–1; low P/R ratios of 0.28–0.48 define the system as heterotrophic and indicate that more carbon is respired than is produced. In order to determine the effect of macroalgae on O₂ and nutrient fluxes, measurements were also conducted on cores from which the macroalgae had been removed. The results showed that the O₂ fluxes during light incubations were significantly lower in the cores without macroalgae (P<0.01), indicating that macroalgae could be a significant contributor to the primary production in the lake. In general, nutrient fluxes showed a typical diurnal variation with an efflux from sediments in the dark and a reduced efflux (or uptake) in the light. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NO₂ ^–+ NO₃ ^–+NH₄ ⁺) net fluxes were directed from the sediments towards the water column and dominated by the NH₄ ⁺ fluxes (>80%). NO₂ ^–+ NO₃ ^– and o-P fluxes were always very low during the sampling period. The increasing tendency of net nutrient effluxes, especially NH₄ ⁺ from July to September, is consistent with the increase of the water temperature and seagrass biomasses. However, in September, significantly lower light, dark and net NH₄ ⁺ effluxes were found in the cores with macroalgae (SA-sediments) compared with the cores without macroalgae (S-sediments). These results support the hypothesis that actively-growing dense macroalgal mats (i.e., algal blooms in September) may act as a filter reducing the flux of nutrients to the water column.     

Zonation and seasonality of benthic primary production and community respiration in tropical mangrove forests

Benthic oxygen consumption and primary production were measured using the bell jar technique in deltaic and fringing mangrove forests of tropical northeastern Australia. In a deltaic forest, rates of sediment respiration ranged from 197 to 1645 mol O₂ m^–2 h^–1 (mean=836), but did not vary significantly with season or intertidal zone. Gross primary production varied among intertidal zones and seasons, ranging from –281 to 1413 mol O₂ m^–2 h^–1 (mean=258). Upon tidal exposure, rates of gross primary production increased, but respiration rates did not change significantly. In a fringing mangrove forest, benthic respiration and gross primary production exhibited strong seasonality. In both forests, rates of oxygen consumption and production were low compared to salt marshes, but equivalent to rates in other mangrove forests. The production:respiration (P/R) ratio varied greatly over space and time (range:–0.61 to 1.76), but most values were «1 with a mean of 0.15, indicating net heterotrophy. On a bare creek bank and a sandflat, rates of gross primary production and P/R ratios were generally higher than in the adjacent mangroves. Low microalgal standing stocks, low light intensity under the canopy, and differences in gross primary production between mangroves and tidal flats, and with tidal status, indicate that benthic microalgae are light-limited and a minor contributor to primary productivity in these tropical mangrove forests.     

Effects of sediment resuspension on phytoplankton production: teasing apart the influences of light, nutrients and algal entrainment

1. Wind‐induced sediment resuspension can affect planktonic primary productivity by influencing light penetration and nutrient availability, and by contributing meroplankton (algae resuspended from the lake bed) to the water column. We established relationships between sediment resuspension, light and nutrient availability to phytoplankton in a shallow lake on four occasions. 2. The effects of additions of surficial sediments and nutrients on the productivity of phytoplankton communities were measured in 300 mL gas‐tight bottles attached to rotating plankton wheels and exposed to a light gradient, in 24 h incubations at in situ temperatures. 3. While sediment resuspension always increased primary productivity, resuspension released phytoplankton from nutrient limitation in only two of the four experiments because the amount of available nitrogen and phosphorus entrained from the sediments was small compared with typical baseline levels in the water column. In contrast, chlorophyll a entrainment was substantial compared with baseline water column concentrations and the contribution of meroplankton to primary production was important at times, especially when seasonal irradiance in the lake was high. 4. Comparison of the in situ light climate with the threshold of light‐limitation of the phytoplankton indicated that phytoplankton in the lake were only likely to be light‐limited at times of extreme turbidity (e.g. >200 nephelometric turbidity units), particularly when these occur in winter. Therefore, resuspension influenced phytoplankton production mainly via effects on available nutrients and by entraining algae. The importance of each of these varied in time. 5. The partitioning of primary productivity between the water column and sediments in shallow lakes greatly influences the outcome of resuspension events for water column primary productivity.     

用管式光生物反应器培养螺旋藻的研究

微藻大规模培养主要有敞开式大池培养和封闭式光生物反应器培养两种主要方式。管式光生物反应器是封闭式光生物反应器的主要类型之一。与其它类型相比,管式光生物反应器放大较易,成本较低。国外关于管式光生物反应器已有不少研究［１～３］但关于管式光生物反应器产率与光强和光暗比的关系等方面的研究尚未得出明确的结论。国内管式光生物反应器的研究较少［４］,尚未见有关管式光生物反应器中微藻悬浮液流变特性基础参数和产率影响因素的报道。螺旋藻是丝状体蓝藻,螺旋藻蛋白质含量高,其蛋白质所含必需氨基酸丰富,是国内外大规模商业…     

太平洋中西部海域浮游植物营养盐的潜在限制

2009年8月至9月期间在太平洋西部N1站和中部N2站进行现场营养盐加富培养实验。结果显示:N1站,浮游植物生物量对N或者P添加都有较强的响应,其中N+P+Si组和N+P组浮游植物长势迅速,叶绿素a从初始的0.03μg/L分别达到2.12μg/L和1.83μg/L,同时P先于N和Si之前被耗尽;说明N1站为N、P共同限制,P是首要限制因子。而N2站,浮游植物生物量仅对N、P共同添加有明显响应,N先于P和Si被浮游植物消耗殆尽。利用培养过程中营养盐比值变化推断,N1站浮游植物以低于Redfield ratio(16N∶1P)吸收N和P;而N2站浮游植物以高于Redfield ratio(16N∶1P)吸收N和P。这可能解释了太平洋西部的寡营养盐海域为潜在P限制,而在太平洋中部海域则为潜在N限制。