苹儿香菊精油化学成分研究

苹儿香菊是菊科菊属植物中一个新的栽培品种,是一种新香料和观赏植物。用ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＤＳ方法从其花的精油中鉴定了２６个已知成分,占精油总量的９２．４％;并用ＩＲ、＾１ＨＮＭＲ、ＭＳ从其精油中鉴定了一个属菊香系的主香成分－菊醇。     

两种菊属植物的核型研究

神农香菊和野菊均为菊属(Dendranthema)植物。神农香菊D. indicum var.aromaticum为菊属的一个新变种,是武汉植物所在湖北神农架首先发现的一种具有较高经济价值的香料和药用植物资源,它与原种野菊很近似,主要区别在于神农香菊的花叶根具浓香,叶片较小而质厚,深绿色,叶脉明显隆起,下面具极小腺体,头状花序     

神农香菊花的化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

对采自湖北神农架的神农香菊（Dendranthema indicum（L）Des Monl．vaY．aromaticum Q．H．LiuetS．F．Zhang var．nov．）的化学成分进行研究,从中分离到5个化合物,利用波谱分析技术和文献对照确定了其结构,分别鉴定为木犀草素（luteolin）,木犀黄酮甙（luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside）,刺槐素甙（acacetin-7-rhamnosidgluoside）,1-单山萮酸甘油酯（glyceryl-1-monobehenate）,山萮酸（behenic acid）。     

神农香菊引种和繁殖研究

神农香菊Dendranthema indicum(L.)Des Monl. var. aromaticum Q. H. Liuet S. F. Zhang,是湖北新发现的一种香料资源植物,并有药用价值,是医药和轻化工业的优良原料,具有广阔的开发前景。神农香菊原产湖北神农架,分布在海拔2000米以上的高山,资源分散,运输不便。为了适应今后生产发展的需要和保护种质资源,我们进行了该植物的引种扩大繁殖     

神农香菊干花净油成分的研究

神农香菊全草提取的香浸膏香气浓郁独特,可用于调配多种高档化妆用香精,也可直接用于饮料中,在香精香料工业中具有较大的实用价值。本文首次报告了我们用毛细管气相色谱仪和色谱/质谱/计算机联用分析仪,对神农香菊干花净油成分进行分析的初步结果。鉴定出的已知成分包括脂肪族类,含氧或非含氧的单萜及倍半萜类化合物32个。     

中国( )属鱼类的研究(鲤形目:鲤科)

中国Ｄａｎ属鱼类共有７种,分布于云南南部和西南部的三大流域中。其中半线Ｄａｎ Ｄａｉｏ ｉｎｔｅｒｒｕｂｔｕｓ,红蚌Ｄｎａ Ｄ．ｋａｋｈｉｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ,缺须Ｄａｎ Ｄ．ａｐｏｇｏｎ和珍珠Ｄａｎ Ｄ．ａｌｂｏｌｉｎｅａｔｕｓ分布地伊洛瓦底江流域的大盈江和龙川江水系,布良Ｄａｎ Ｄ．ｂｒｏｗｎｉ和撞邦Ｄａｎ．Ｄ．ｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ分布于萨尔温江上游的怒江水系,金线Ｄａｎ Ｄ．ｃｈｒｙｓｏｔａｅｎｉａ     

1999年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试生物(广东)试题答案及评分标准

一、选择题：本题包括４０小题,每１．５分共６０分。　１．Ｃ　　２．Ａ　　３．Ｄ　　４．Ｄ　　５．Ｂ　６．Ｄ　　７．Ｃ　　８．Ｄ　　９．Ａ　　１０．Ｄ１１．Ａ　　１２．Ｂ　　１３．Ｄ　　１４．Ｄ　　１５．Ｂ１６．Ｂ　　１７．Ａ　　１８．Ｃ　　１９．Ａ　　２０．Ａ２１．Ｄ　　２２．Ｃ　　２３．Ｂ　　２４．Ｃ　　２５．Ｄ２６．Ｂ　　２７．Ｃ　　２８．Ｄ　　２９．Ａ　　３０．Ｂ３１．Ｃ　　３２．Ｄ　　３３．Ｄ　　３４．Ｄ　　３５．Ａ３６．Ｃ　　３７．Ａ　　３８．Ｂ　　３９．Ｄ　　４０．Ｂ二、简答题：本大…     

湖北新资源植物——神农香菊的地理分布、生态习性与蕴藏量的调查研究

神农香菊(Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Monl. var. aromaticum Q. H. Liu et S. F. Zhang, var. nov.)是我所多年来通过调查,在鄂西神农架首先发现的一种新的资源植物。这种植物与野菊[D. indicum (L.) Des Monl.]很近似,其主要区别在于神农香菊的花、叶具有浓郁的特殊香气。经化学初步分析和药理试验结果表明,本植物含α—侧柏酮、β—侧柏酮、龙脑等萜类化合物成分,并无剧毒性及致癌因素反应。可广泛应用于化工、饮料和医药等方面的原料,是一种很有经济价值的香料和药用的植物资源。本文着重阐述和讨论了本植物的地理分布,习性生境、自然繁殖概况及蕴藏量。并提出进一步开发利用神农架山区植物资源,合理利用和发展神农香菊生产等方面的途径和科学依据。     

麦叶蜂属七新记述（膜翅目：叶蜂亚目：叶蜂科）

本文记述中国麦叶蜂属７新种：齿瓣麦叶蜂Ｄｏｌｅｒｕｓ ｄｅｎｔｉｐｅｎｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,李氏麦叶蜂Ｄ．ｌｉｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,长尾麦叶蜂Ｄ．ｌｏｎｇｉｃｅｒｃｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,长海麦叶蜂Ｄ．ｍｉｒａｎｄｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｉｖ．,奇鞘麦叶蜂Ｄ．ｍｉｒａｎｄｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,上海麦叶蜂Ｄ．ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,毛翅麦叶蜂Ｄ．ｔｈａｕｎｍａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｍｏｖ,西藏麦叶蜂Ｄ．     

湖北新资源植物—神农香菊的地理分布、生态习性与蕴藏量的调查研究

神农香菊(Dendranthema indicum (L.) Des Monl. var. aromaticum Q. H. Liu et S. F. Zhang, var. nov.)是我所多年来通过调查,在鄂西神农架首先发现的一种新的资源植物。这种植物与野菊[D. indicum (L.) Des Monl.]很近似,其主要区别在于神农香菊的花、叶具有浓郁的特殊香气。经化学初步分析和药理试验结果表明,本植物含α—侧柏酮、β—侧柏酮、龙脑等萜类化合物成分,并无剧毒性及致癌因素反应。可广泛应用于化工、饮料和医药等方面的原料,是一种很有经济价值的香料和药用的植物资源。本文着重阐述和讨论了本植物的地理分布,习性生境、自然繁殖概况及蕴藏量。并提出进一步开发利用神农架山区植物资源,合理利用和发展神农香菊生产等方面的途径和科学依据。     

神农香菊花的化学成分研究

用溶剂萃取及层析法,从神农香菊花中分得七个成分,其中六个化合物的结构波谱方法分别鉴定为:樟脑(camphor),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol),刺槐素(acacetin),棕榈酸(palmitic acid),月桂酸(lauric acid),β-胡萝卜甙(daucosterol)。,另一化合物因含量甚微,结构待定。月桂酸为首次从菊属植物中分得。     

东北地区菊属植物叶表面结构的研究

本文利用光镜和扫描电镜研究了中国东北菊尼（Ｄｅｎｄｒａｎｔｈｅｍａ）９种和变种（野菊;葫芦岛野菊;楔叶菊;小红菊;甘菊;甘菊甘野菊;紫花野菊;细叶菊和小山菊）的叶表面特征。这些类群在表皮细胞,气孔复体和毛状体方面等存在着一些差异。依据这些特征讨论了一些类群的关系并尝试性地依据这些特征编制了这些类群检索表。     

两种菊属植物对渐进与非渐进盐胁迫的响应

以两种菊属野生植物'菊花脑'(Dendranthema nankingense)和'乙立寒菊'(D.indicum var.maruyamanum)幼苗为材料,通过Hogland营养液水培试验研究了120和180 mmol·L NaCl的渐进和非渐进胁迫处理对幼苗叶片受害程度及植株生物量、根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量、相对电导率和丙二醛含量的影响,以探讨它们对盐冲击的生理响应规律.结果显示:(1)在两种浓度盐胁迫下,两种菊属植物的整株鲜重、根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量大多显著下降,而同期的叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率显著增加;渐进盐胁迫下材料受害程度均轻于非渐进胁迫;盐胁迫浓度越大,各指标变化幅度越大,且两种胁迫方式下各指标的差异亦越大;(2)'菊花脑'对盐胁迫敏感,而'乙立寒菊'对盐胁迫的耐性较强;相同盐胁迫浓度下,非渐进胁迫与渐进胁迫间的差异在盐敏感材料上表现较明显.研究表明,两种菊属植物均存在盐冲击现象,并以耐盐性弱的材料表现更加突出,且高盐胁迫下植物所受的冲击伤害更明显.     

Karyotypes of metaphase chromosomes in diploid populations of Dendranthema zawadskii and related species (Asteraceae) from Korea: diversity and evolutionary implications

Although the Dendranthema zawadskii complex has been known to comprise a series of polyploids (4x, 6x, 8x), we found diploid individuals (with 2 n=18) to occur in four populations of D. zawadskii var. latilobum in the southern region of Korea. Karyotypes of metaphase chromosomes were diverse because numbers of metacentric, submetacentric, and acrocentric chromosomes differ even within a population. A total of 17 karyotypes were found in 31 diploid individuals collected from the four populations. The karyotypes were also diverse in the presence or absence of chromosomes with a secondary constriction on a short or long arm and, if present, in the number of such chromosomes. They were further diverse in the presence or absence of non-homologous chromosome(s), the presence or absence of a chromosome with a satellite, and, if present, how many and where satellites are present. Almost the same pattern of diversity was found in diploid individuals (with 2 n=18) of D. boreale and D. indicum as well, irrespective of whether they occur together with D. zawadskii var. latilobum or not. Structural features of chromosomes in the variously different karyotypes suggest that reciprocal translocation and the hybridization between individuals with different karyotypes had repeatedly occurred not only in D. zawadskii var. latilobum, but also in D. boreale and D. indicum. Morphologically intermediate individuals between D. zawadskii var. latilobum and D. indicum suggests that the hybridization occur with different species as well.     

Preliminary Studies of Chromosome Morphology of Several Wild and Cultivated Eggplants

This paper deals with the chromosome morphology of three wild eggplants (Solanum indicum L., S. indicum L. var. recurvatum C. Y. Wu et S. C. Huang,S. coagulans Forsk.) grown in Shi-shuang-banna and two cultivars (S. melongena L.var. serpentinum Bailey, S. melogena L. var. esculantum Nees). All their chromosomenumbers are 2n=24. The chromosome idiograms of wild eggplants axe as follows: Solanum indicum,2G+12J+2I+8M; S. indicum var. recurvatum, 8G+12J+2I+2M; S. coagulans ( No. 20),10J+2I+12M; S. coagulans(No. 21), 8J+14M+2L; and those of cultivars are: S. melongena var. serpentinum, 6G+12J+2I+4M; S. melongena var. esculantum, 12J+2I+10M. The chromosome idiograms among three wild eggplants are quite different. However, they are rather closely related in each other between the two cultivars. Butthe relative length and the relative position of the sat-chromosomes in each chromo)meidiogram are conspicuously variable.     

四种菊花超临界CO_2萃取物的GC-MS分析

对4种菊花:野菊花、神农香菊、杭黄菊和黄金菊进行超临界CO2萃取(SFE),运用GC-MS检测超临界萃取物中的化学成分,并比较4种菊花类药材萃取物化学成分的差异。结果表明:4种菊花SFE萃取物中共检测到77种成分,主要为萜烯类、醇、醛、酮和脂肪烃类成分,其中仅有14种成分为2种或以上菊花萃取物所共有,不同品种菊花之间所含成分具有明显的差异。     

The Morphological Variation and the Karyotypical Characters of Dendranthema indicum and D. lavandulifolium

Dendranthema indicum L. and D. lavandulifolium (Fisch. ex Trautv. ) Ling et Shih are two species which are greatly variable in morphology. The specimens collected from different habitats show distinct variation in characters such as leaf division、 leaf pubescence、 size of capitula and number of capitula. Some authors (Li 1983; Du 1989; Nakata 1987)have studied the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of D. indicum and D. lavandulifolium and reported the basic chromosome number and polyploidy of these two species. But some questions, such as the patterns and trends of morphological variation, the relationships between morphological and karyotypical variations and the phylogenetic relationship between D. indicum and D. lavandulifolium remain unclear . Based on wide field investigation and cultivation experiments, the present authors made a thorough study on D. indicum and D. lavandulifolium from morphology、 cytology with reference to geographical distribution and habit conditions. The results show that the amount of leaf pubescence of D. indicum is closely related to the water content in its habitat; the diameter of capitula decreases, while the number of capitula of D. lavandulifolium increases with the increase in elevation. Comparing the karyotypical constitution of different populations of D. indicum and D. lavandulifolium, the authors infer that natural hybridization, both intraspecific hybridization and hybridization between D. indicum and D. lavandulifolium, has played an important role in the origin of polyploids and in the evolutionary process of karyotypes of D. indicum and D. lavandulifolium. By a synthetic analysis from morphology, cytology and geography, the authors also suggest that D. indicum and D. lavandulifolium be sister species, derived from a common ancestor, and it is unreasonable to consider one of themevolved from the other.     

Physical mapping of rDNA in Dendranthema nankingense and its close related species by fluorescent in situ hybridization

Distribution of 18S-26S rDNA on the chromosomes of Dendranthema nankingense and its two close-related species D. nankingense and D. lavendulifolium was studied by fluorescent in situ hybridization with a JHD 2-15A DNA clone. Six rDNA loci were found in D. nankingense, eight in D. lavendulifolium, and twelve in D. indicum. The rDNA loci number and pattern were applied to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of the three closely related species.     

国产五种菊属植物的核型研究

本文对国产5种菊属植物的核型进行了研究,结果为:D. indicum 2n=2x=18=16m 2st,2n=4x=36=28m 6sm 2st;D. lavandulifolium 2n=2x=18=14m 4sm,2n=4x=36=28m 6sm 2st;D. lavandulifolium var.seticuspe 2n=2x=18=12m 6sm;D. chanetii 2n=4x=36=20m 14sm 2st,2n=6x=54=38m 14sm 2st;D. potentilloides2n=2x=18=14m 2sm 2st;D. vestitum 2n=6x=54=38m 16sm.核型分析的结果表明,本文所研究类群中出现的多倍体多为异源多倍体;根据对核型资料、形态特征及地理分布特点的综合分析,作者认为多倍化是菊属野生种进行的主要途径。