梅花鹿茸组织中性激素受体的等电聚焦电泳测定

茸角是雄性梅花鹿(Cervus nippon hortulorum)的第二性征,具有脱落和再生的特征。这种现象在哺乳动物纲中是绝无仅有的。 茸角虽为第二性征,但其生长发育与性激素的关系似乎存在矛盾现象。因此,威斯洛克(Wislocki)提出茸角生长发育不受睾酮控制,而是腺垂体分泌的某种激素所调节的假说。但这种假说迄今未被证实。     

鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究Ⅴ．性类固醇激素诱导雌鳗促性腺激素(GtH)分泌和卵巢发育的作用

多次注射雌二醇或睾酮对雌鳗促性腺激素(GtH)的合成与分泌活动以及卵巢发育都有明显的促进作用,其中睾酮的作用更较雌二醇显着;多次注射LHRH-A的促进作用则不明显.多次埋植雌二醇或睾酮都能促使脑垂体合成GtH,但所取血清样品中的GtH含量都未见明显增加;多次埋植雌二醇后血清中卵黄蛋白原的含量明显增加,但卵巢GSI增长幅度小,表明埋植雌二醇虽能促使肝细胞合成卵黄蛋白原并释放到血液中,但未能全部渗入卵母细胞内;多次埋植睾酮后血清中的卵黄蛋白原含量虽未见明显增加,但卵巢明显发育长大,这表明埋植睾酮能促使肝细胞合成的卵黄蛋白原迅速地通过血液运送到卵巢,并渗入卵母细胞内.       

鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究Ⅴ.性类固醇激素诱导雌鳗促性腺激素分泌…

多次注射雌二醇或睾酮对雌鳗促性腺激素的合成与分泌活动以及卵巢发育都有明显的促进作用,其中睾酮的作用更较雌二醇显著;多次注射ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ的促进作用则不明显。多次埋植雌二醇或睾嗜促使脑垂体合成ＧｔＨ,但所取血清样品中的ＧｔＨ含量都未见明显增加,多次埋植雌二醇后血清中卵黄蛋白原的含量明显增加,但卵巢ＧＳＩ增长幅度小,表明埋植雌二醇虽能促使肝细胞合成和卵黄蛋白原的含量明显增加,但卵巢明显发育长大,这表明埋     

水稻体内两种甾类性激素的研究

以三系杂交水稻的不育系（珍汕９７Ａ,丛广４１Ａ和马协Ａ）为实验材料,以其相应的保持系（珍汕９７Ｂ,丛广４１Ｂ和马协Ｂ）为对照,用放射免疫分析法测定不同发育时期的叶片和幼穗睾酮和雌二醇含量,结果表明,在供试水稻各时期叶片中睾酮和雌二醇含量均比穗中高,同时不论是叶片不是穗中,睾酮含量均高于雌二醇,但是睾酮和雌二醇在供试的３个组合的不育系和保持系内没有明显差异。     

单宁酸对高原鼠兔和根田鼠生殖激素的影响

高原鼠兔和根田鼠是生存于青藏高原的小哺乳动物,它们所取食的高原植物含有多种次生化合物。为了证明食物中的次生化合物对高原鼠兔和根田鼠繁殖相关激素的影响,探讨它们与取食植物间的协同进化,分别对两种动物灌服0、5、10 和20 mg/ kg BW 剂量单宁酸1 d、3 d 及5 d 后,测定其下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素、血浆中睾酮和血浆雌二醇的含量。结果表明,单宁酸对高原鼠兔的LD₅₀ 为112 ±27.72 mg/ kg BW,对根田鼠的LD₅₀ 为117 ± 17.37 mg/ kg BW;单宁酸可以使高原鼠兔和根田鼠血浆睾酮和雌二醇水平升高,但对下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素水平没有明显的影响。说明单宁酸可能会促进这两种动物的性成熟,有利于它们的繁殖。     

中国大鲵生殖激素的初步研究

首次全面报道了中国大鲵6项生殖激素的研究结果.采用电化学发光技术,检测了雌雄中国大鲵在繁殖期与非繁殖期的血清中垂体泌乳素、卵泡生成激素、黄体生成激素、雌二醇、孕酮和睾酮6项生殖激素的含量.实验结果表明,雌雄性中国大鲵在繁殖期间与非繁殖期间的6项生殖激素检测结果没有明显的差异,对中国大鲵血清中的生殖激素与繁殖期的相关性进行了初步探讨,为中国大鲵生殖内分泌学的研究和人工繁殖积累了资料.     

四角瑞利绦虫性激素水平及其受体的定位分析

采用双抗体夹心光化学法和免疫组织化学法,分别检测了3种性类固醇激素在四角瑞利绦虫体内含量及其相应受体在组织内的分布.结果 显示:睾酮浓度从头节和颈开始逐渐升高,幼节含量最高,随后逐渐下降,孕节中为最低水平;孕酮浓度在头节、颈、幼节中含量变化不大,都处于高水平,随后逐渐下降,成节处最低,孕节中浓度稍有升高.虫体中孕酬含量总体高于睾酮.雌二醇未检出.雄激素受体主要分布在虫体前段两性生殖器官中,雌激素受体主要分布在成节雌性生殖器官中,孕激素受体未获明显阳性结果.     

圈养雄性大熊猫尿中睾酮激素水平的测定

本文对圈养的两只雄性大熊猫尿中睾酮激素进行了测定与比较,结果表明该老龄大熊猫“菲菲”与壮年大熊猫“川川”在同一时期内尿中睾酮激素含量基本处于相同水平,两者没有显著差异。由此可见老龄雄性大熊猫“菲菲”仍具有繁殖能力。     

圈养雄性大熊猫尿中睾酮激素水平的测定

本文对圈养的两只雄性大熊猫尿中睾酮激素进行了测定与比较,结果表明该老龄大熊猫"菲菲"与壮年大熊猫"川川"在同一时期内尿中睾酮激素含量基本处于相同水平,两者没有显著差异.由此可见老龄雄性大熊猫"菲菲"仍具有繁殖能力.     

川金丝猴粪样内3种类固醇激素保存时效分析

川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)是中国特有的灵长类物种,生存于海拔1 400～3 300 m的山地森林地带。采用拾取新鲜粪便的非损伤性途径研究该物种野生种群生理状态,必须首先确定其新鲜粪便在特定保存方法下的保存时效。本项研究探讨在川金丝猴自然分布区夏季可获得的低温(4±1)℃、在95%乙醇中保存条件下,该物种新鲜粪便内3种类固醇激素(睾酮、雌二醇、孕酮)在8个设定天数:0(标准对照)、5、6、7、8、10、20、30 d的保存时效。结果表明,雌性川金丝猴粪样内睾酮和雌二醇在30 d内可稳定保存,孕酮含量在保存10 d时的平均值显著性低于标准参照值(P0.05);雄性川金丝猴粪样中睾酮含量在保存6 d时的平均值显著低于标准参照值(P0.05)。本研究说明,在野生川金丝猴新鲜粪便保存条件一致的情况下,该物种新鲜粪样内睾酮、孕酮、雌二醇3种激素保存时效并不一致,实际运用时需要结合研究目的区别对待。     

光照因子对鹿茸生长发育的影响作用

控制光照周期中的光照强度(I)和光照／黑暗比率(L／D)对鹿茸的生长发育影响的作用明显,其中,在I=300lx和L/D=1.00-3.00时,鹿茸的生长发育最好。此外,鹿体内的性腺激素对鹿茸的生长发育有明显的作用。     

白唇鹿的染色体组型、C带和G带带型

白唇鹿产于我国西藏东部和四川西部。它和大熊猫一样,是我国特有的珍贵动物。有关它的染色体组型至今尚未见报道。我们于去年八月,对两头雄性白唇鹿外周血及茸缸淋巴细胞进行了培养,并作了染色体组型观察和C带及G带带型的观察。 一、材料和方法 北京动物园的两头准性白唇廘,一头10岁,一头4岁。 每一头先后采样二次。用装有司可林(Succinylcholinum chloratum)麻醉弹的麻醉枪击中鹿后,在颈静脉处,用含有1毫升肝素(浓度为50微     

鹿茸在朝医药中的应用特点

朝医药是朝鲜民族在长期生活经验中总结出的抵抗病邪的智慧结晶,该医学的核心是四象理论,在治疗上倡导＂药乃局限于人＂的药性观。鹿茸是鹿科动物梅花鹿或马鹿等雄鹿头上长出的尚未骨化而带毛的幼角,在朝医药中归类于太阴人药,其功效有补肺、补肾阳、益精血等作用,主要用于太阴人的虚劳及气虚证。通过对鹿茸在临床上的应用以及其基础的研究,发现在药物的应用方面上,朝医药与中医药之间有着某些差异,如果探讨两者之差异的根源以及其中关联,那么对药物的基础研究一定会开辟更多的思路并对临床应用也提供更有效的方法。     

Anti-resorptive effect of pilose antler blood (Cervus nippon Temminck) in ovariectomized rats

Anti-bone resorption activity of pilose antler blood (Cervus nippon Temminck) were evaluated in ovariectomized Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into sham operated group (SHAM), ovariectomized group (OVX) and pilose antler blood treated group. The ovariectomized rats were treated with pilose antler blood orally in 4000 microl/kg daily doses for 10 weeks. Compared with SHAM group, serum 17 beta-estradiol level decreased significantly and osteocalcin level increased significantly in OVX group, indicating successful model of osteoporosis. The experiments showed that the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and left femur in OVX group decreased remarkably compared to SHAM group but normalized by treatment with pilose antler blood. Additionally, serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-land testosterone were lower obviously in OVX group than those in SHAM group but preserved by pilose antler blood treatment. However, no obvious changes in serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, total alkaline phosphatase and osteoprotegerin were observed among three groups. These results suggested that administration of pilose antler blood was effective in alleviating osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.     

Expression and regulation of Angiopoietins and their receptor Tie-2 in sika deer antler

The cartilage vascularization and chondrocyte survival are essential for endochondral ossification which occurs in the process of antler growth. Angiopoietins (Ang) is a family of major angiogenic growth factors and involved in regulating the vascularization. However, the expression and regulation of Angs in the antler are still unknown. The aim of this study is to localize the expression of Ang-1, Ang-2 and their receptor Tie-2 in sika deer antler using in situ hybridization and focused on analyzing the regulation of testosterone, estrogen, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and 9cRA on their expression in antler chondrocytes. The results showed that Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie-2 were highly expressed in antler chondrocytes. Administration of testosterone to antler chondrocytes led to a notable increase in the expression of Ang-1 and Tie-2, and a reduction in the expression of Ang-2. The similar result was also observed after estrogen treatment. In contrast, ATRA and 9cRA could inhibit the expression of Ang-1 in antler chondrocytes and heighten the expression of Ang-2. Simultaneously, ATRA could downregulate the expression of Tie-2 in antler chondrocytes at 12 and 24?h, while 9cRA upregulate the expression of Tie-2 at 3 and 6?h. Collectively, Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie-2 are expressed in antler chondrocytes and their expression can be affected by testosterone, estrogen, ATRA and 9cRA.     

Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I in adult male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus): associations with serum testosterone, morphometrics and age during and after the breeding season

Our understanding of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in cervids has been limited mostly to its effects on antler development in red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama), and pudu (Pudu puda). Although IGF-I has been found to play a critical role in reproductive function of other mammals, its role in reproduction of deer is unknown. The objectives of the present study were to determine if serum levels of IGF-I change during the breeding season, assess whether age influences serum IGF-I, compare levels of IGF-I measured during and following the breeding season, and determine if IGF-I is associated with body and antler characteristics in free-ranging adult, male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We collected serum and morphometric data from hunter-harvested and captured white-tailed deer to investigate these objectives. Mean level of serum IGF-I during the breeding season was 63.6 ng/ml and was greatest in deer between 2.5 and 5.5 years old (57.4-79.9 ng/ml). Levels of serum IGF-I decreased by approximately 40% as the breeding season progressed, but levels were less in deer following the breeding season (34.6 ng/ml). Both body and antler size were associated positively with IGF-I when controlling for age. Serum testosterone was also associated positively with IGF-I. Levels of serum testosterone during the breeding season generally increased with age from 4.82 (1.5 years old) to 18.79 ng/dl (5.5 years old), but decreased thereafter. These data suggest that IGF-I may be an important hormone in breeding, male white-tailed deer.     

Effect of pinealectomy on seasonal changes in antler growth and concentrations of testosterone and prolactin in white-tailed deer

A 2-year study was conducted to determine under controlled conditions the role of the pineal gland in regulating the seasonal changes in antler growth and reproduction of male white-tailed deer. Blood samples were drawn from 6 pinealectomized (PX) and 18 control (C) deer at intervals of 2 weeks and analyzed for testosterone (T) and prolactin (Prl). Relative scrotal circumference and main beam antler length were recorded. Relative scrotal circumference was similar in PX and C groups, but the normal pattern was delayed 1 to 3 months in the PX deer relative to the C deer. The mean dates of beginning antler growth, velvet shedding, antler casting and pelage changes were significantly later in both years for PX deer than in C deer. Testosterone concentrations peaked 1 month later in the PX deer than in the C deer for both yearling and 2-year-old deer. Prl concentrations in C deer, but not in PX deer, were correlated highly with day length, and the PX deer were delayed relative to the C deer in showing the normal Prl pattern. Increasing levels of Prl in both groups coincided with beginning antler growth in both years. These results indicate that the pineal gland does not originate the seasonal cycles of male white-tailed deer but may synchronize cycles among individual deer, and regulate the circannual rhythm of Prl concentrations which may in turn influence other hormonal cycles.     

Effect of antler growth period on the chemical composition of velvet antler in sika deer (Cervus nippon)

The aim of this study was to provide basic information to allow improved scientific assessment of velvet antlers’ quality by investigating the change of chemical composition depending on antler growth period in sika deer (Cervus nippon). Twelve antlers harvested from sika deer stags (aged 4–5 years) by antler growth periods of 40 days (FDG) and 60 days (SDG) after the casting of antler buttons from the previous set were analysed to compare the chemical composition, such as crude protein, ash, ether extract, amino acid, collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), uronic acid and sialic acid. The weight of velvet antler in FDG was lower than that of the SDG (P<0.05). SDG had a higher (P<0.05) content of crude ash than FDG. FDG had a higher (P<0.05) content of crude protein than SDG. Amino acid composition was also higher in FDG than in SDG for all sections. The content of collagen was higher in SDG than in FDG for the middle and base (P<0.05) sections. However, collagen levels were exceptionally higher (P<0.05) in FDG than in SDG for the upper section. While the content of collagen was significantly higher (P<0.05) for the upper section than for the middle and base sections in FDG, this was significantly increased (P<0.05) downward from the upper to the base section in SDG. Uronic acid content was higher in FDG than SDG for all three sections but there was no significant difference between groups in the middle and base sections. The content of GAGs was significantly higher (P<0.05) in FDG than SDG for all three sections. The content of sialic acid was the same as that of GAGs. Consequently, in this study, velvet antler production was increased with the extension of antler growth period, but the contents of protein, total amino acid composition, GAGs, uronic acid and sialic acid were decreased and those of ash and collagen were increased. Therefore, it is expected that the quality of velvet antler may be decreased greatly by extension of antler growth period.