丛褐蛉属与齐褐蛉属(脉翅目:褐蛉科)

褐蛉科Hemerobiidae与草蛉科Chrysopidae的形状和习性相似,也是蚜虫、介壳虫等害虫的有效天敌。褐蛉的体形较小,多为黄褐色,翅上常有褐斑;前翅前缘横脉列的端部分岔而容易和草蛉区分,从褐蛉(Wesmaelius)和齐褐蛉(Kimminsia)是非常近缘的两个属,后翅径分脉(R_s)的第一分支与中脉(M)的分支在同一水平线上,两个分岔齐头并列,这个特点很固定是区别于褐蛉(Hemerobius)、益蛉     

中国脉线蛉属二新种(脉翅目,褐蛉科)

记述中国脉线蛉属Neuronema 2新种,即条纹脉线蛉Neuronema striatum sp.nov.和梵净脉线蛉Neuronema fanjingshanum sp.nov..模式标本均保存在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆.     

中国新纪录属——瘤螳蛉属一新组合和澳蜂螳蛉属中国三新纪录种(脉翅目,螳蛉科)

首次报道了瘤螳蛉属Tuberonotha在中国的分布,对原"华安螳蛉Entanoneur asinica Yang,1999"进行了修订和重新描述,建立新组合华瘤螳蛉Tuberonoth asini cacomb.nov.;报道了中国螳蛉另一属——澳蜂螳蛉属Austroclimaciella的中国3新纪录种:吕宋澳蜂螳蛉A.luzonica(Weele)、小褐澳蜂螳蛉A.subfusca(Nakahara)和韦氏澳蜂螳蛉A.weelei Handschin,并对拉氏澳蜂螳蛉A.lacolombierei(Navás)进行了重新描述。编写了中国澳蜂螳蛉属检索表,首次对该两属的外生殖器进行了解剖描述和绘图。研究标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫标本馆(CAU)和中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆(IOZ)。     

中国中生代晚期蛇蛉化石研究（蛇蛉目：巴依萨蛇蛉科,中蛇蛉科,异蛇蛉科）

本文根据最新采获的保存完好的蛇蛉化石,对中国古生代晚期蛇蛉化石巴依萨蛇蛉科,中蛇蛉科和异蛇蛉科的有关属种的构造特征,分类位置和异我进行新的补充和厘定,建立４个新属：野蛇蛉属Ｒｕｄｉｒａｐｈｉｄｉａ ｇｅｎ。ｎｏｖ,小蛇蛉属Ｍｉｏｒａｐｈｉｄｉａ ｇｅｎ。ｎｏｖ。普蛇蛉属Ｘｙｎｏｒａｐｈｉｄｉａ ｇｅｎ。ｎｏｖ。丽蛇蛉属Ｃａｌｏｒａｐｈｉｄｉａ ｇｅｎ,ｎｏｖ;７个新种;美脉巴依萨蛇蛉Ｂａｉｓｓｏｐ     

内蒙褐蛉—新种及二中国新记录种(脉翅目:褐蛉科)

脉翅目(Neuroptera)褐蛉科(Hemerobiidae)的成虫和幼虫均为肉食性昆虫,主要捕食蚜、蚧及叶螨等重要害虫,在生物防治中有利用前途。我国的褐蛉区系很丰富,已知百余种,许多是我国特有的种类。内蒙古的褐蛉科尚缺乏系统调查研究,蒙古人民共和国的褐蛉则报道有16种(Makarkin,1984),仅有少数几种与内蒙是共同的,但值得参考。就我们所掌握的标本来看,内蒙古的褐蛉至少有17种,本文记述一新种和二中国新记录种,模式标本保存在北京农业大学昆虫标本室。     

中国棘蚁蛉族分类研究(脉翅目,蚁蛉科)

对中国棘蚁蛉族Acanthaclisini进行了分类研究和修订,共记述中国棘蚁蛉族4属5种(包括2新纪录属、2新纪录种):尾棘蚁蛉Acanthaclisis pallida Mclachlan,单中大蚁蛉Centroclisis negligens(Navás),南击大蚁蛉Heoclisis kawaii(Nakahara),追击大蚁蛉Heoclisis japonica(Maclachlan)和黎母硕蚁蛉Stiphroneura inclusa(Walker).其中棘蚁蛉属Acanthaclisis和硕蚁蛉属Stiphroneura为中国新纪录属,尾棘蚁蛉A.pallida Mclachlan和黎母硕蚁蛉S.inclusa(Walker)为中国新纪录种.确定了Alloclisis hainanica Yang为Centro-clisis negligens(Navás)的新异名,Neriga limoiana Yang为Stiphroneura inclusa(Walker)的新异名.编写了中国棘蚁蛉族分种检索表.标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫系标本馆和中国科学院动物所.     

中国北方粉蛉新种及新记录 (脉翅目：粉蛉科)

该文论述了我国北方粉蛉7种,其中卷粉蛉属Helicoconis及污褐卷粉蛉Helicoconis (Helicoconis)lutea为中国新记录,另包括粉蛉属Cxraiopteryx北方粉蛉Coniopteryx(Coniopteryx)arctica sp.nov,、周氏粉蛉Coniopteryx(Oniopteryx)choui,sp.nov.、宽带粉蛉Oniopteryx(Coniopteryx)vittiformis,sp nov.3新种及圣洁粉蛉Coniopteryx Coniopteryx)parthenia(Navas & Marcet,1910)、蒙干粉蛉Coniopteryx(Xeroconiopteryx)mongolica Melnander、爪干粉蛉Onioptery(Xeroconiopteryx)unguigonarcuata Aspock & Aspock 3中国新记录种。     

褐蛉科一新属名

中原和郎(Nakahara,w.)1966在《台湾及琉球群岛的褐蛉、水蛉和溪蛉科》一文中曾建立一个新属Mesohemerobius.是以我国台湾的M.subacutus Nakahara新种为属的模式种。早在1928年我国学者秉志在《中国白垩纪之昆虫化石》(载于《古生物志》内)一文中.已根据热河的化石标本记述了Mesohemerobius Ping新属,模式种为M.jeholensis Ping 1928。     

草蛉科一新属——纳草蛉属研究(Ⅰ)(脉翅目:草蛉科)

本文对草蛉科(Chsysopidae)玛草蛉属Mallada做了修正,并建立一新属——纳草蛉属Navasius gen. nov. 同时报道了纳草蛉属6新种:槽纳草蛉N. alviolatus sp. nov. 钩纳草蛉N. ancistroideus sp. nov. 无斑纳草蛉N. epunctatus sp. nov. 曲纳草蛉N. flexuosus sp. nov. 海南纳草蛉N. hainanus sp. nov. 及和纳草蛉N. hesperus sp. nov.。     

中国蚁蛉属一新纪录种(脉翅目,蚁蛉科)

记述蚁蛉科Myrmeleontidae蚁蛉属Myrmeleon中国1新纪录种,狭翅蚁蛉Myrmeleon trivialis Gerstaecker,1885;提出藏蚁蛉Myrmeleon zanganus Yang,1987为狭翅蚁蛉Myrmeleonon trivialis Gerstaecker,1885的新异名.研究标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫标本馆、匈牙利绍莫吉州博物馆和德国格赖夫斯瓦尔德大学动物博物馆.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of a blue-emitting Sr(3.5) Y(6.5) O(2) (PO(4) )(1.5) (SiO(4) )(4.5) :Eu(2+) phosphor

A novel blue‐emitting Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:Eu²⁺ phosphor was synthesized via a solid‐state reaction. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that the Sr_3.5Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5 host had a hexagonal crystal structure in the space group P6₃/m and unit cell parameters a = 9.418 Å, c = 6.900 Å. The as‐prepared phosphor showed a blue emission and all the main emission peaks were located at around 466 nm for different excitation wavelengths of 297, 333 and 391 nm. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence property was investigated in the range 20–250 °C, and the emission intensity decreased to 71% of the initial value at room temperature on increasing the temperature to 150 °C. According to the classical theory of fluorescent thermal quenching, the activation energy (ΔE) for the thermal quenching luminescence of the as‐prepared Sr_3.45Y_6.5O₂(PO₄)_1.5(SiO₄)_4.5:0.05Eu²⁺ phosphor was determined to be 0.20 eV. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Collagen-like triple helix formation of synthetic (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 analogues: (4(S)-hydroxyprolyl-4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-Gly)10, (4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-4(R)-hydroxyprolyl-Gly)10 and (4(S)-fluoroprolyl-4(R)-fluoroprolyl-Gly)10.

For the rational design of a stable collagen triple helix according to the conventional rule that the pyrrolidine puckerings of Pro, 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) and 4-fluoroproline (fPro) should be down at the X-position and up at the Y-position in the X-Y-Gly repeated sequence for enhancing the triple helix propensities of collagen model peptides, a series of peptides were prepared in which X- and Y-positions were altogether occupied by Hyp(R), Hyp(S), fPro(R) or fPro(S). Contrary to our presumption that inducing the X-Y residues to adopt a down-up conformation would result in an increase in the thermal stability of peptides, the triple helices of (Hyp(S)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (fPro(S)-fPro(R)-Gly)(10) were less stable than those of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) and (Pro-fPro(R)-Gly)(10), respectively. As reported by B?chinger's and Zagari's groups, (Hyp(R)-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10) which could have an up-up conformation unfavorable for the triple helix, formed a triple helix that has a high thermal stability close to that of (Pro-Hyp(R)-Gly)(10). These results clearly show that the empirical rule based on the conformational preference of pyrrolidine ring at each of X and Y residues should not be regarded as still valid, at least for predicting the stability of collagen models in which both X and Y residues have electronegative groups at the 4-position.     

Role of tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) gene modules in catabolism of 3-chlorobenzoate by Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4)

The enzymes chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase, chloromuconate cycloisomerase, dienelactone hydrolase, and maleylacetate reductase allow Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) to degrade chlorocatechols formed during growth in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate or 3-chlorobenzoate (3-CB). There are two gene modules located in plasmid pJP4, tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) (module I) and tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II) (module II), putatively encoding these enzymes. To assess the role of both tfd modules in the degradation of chloroaromatics, each module was cloned into the medium-copy-number plasmid vector pBBR1MCS-2 under the control of the tfdR regulatory gene. These constructs were introduced into R. eutropha JMP222 (a JMP134 derivative lacking pJP4) and Pseudomonas putida KT2442, two strains able to transform 3-CB into chlorocatechols. Specific activities in cell extracts of chlorocatechol-1,2-dioxygenase (tfdC), chloromuconate cycloisomerase (tfdD), and dienelactone hydrolase (tfdE) were 2 to 50 times higher for microorganisms containing module I compared to those containing module II. In contrast, a significantly (50-fold) higher activity of maleylacetate reductase (tfdF) was observed in cell extracts of microorganisms containing module II compared to module I. The R. eutropha JMP222 derivative containing tfdR-tfdC(I)D(I)E(I)F(I) grew four times faster in liquid cultures with 3-CB as a sole carbon and energy source than in cultures containing tfdR-tfdD(II)C(II)E(II)F(II). In the case of P. putida KT2442, only the derivative containing module I was able to grow in liquid cultures of 3-CB. These results indicate that efficient degradation of 3-CB by R. eutropha JMP134(pJP4) requires the two tfd modules such that TfdCDE is likely supplied primarily by module I, while TfdF is likely supplied by module II.     

Induction of in vitro flowering in Dendrobium Madame Thong-In (Orchidaceae) seedlings is associated with increase in endogenous N(6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and N (6)-(Delta (2)-isopentenyl)-adenosine (iPA) levels

We analysed the endogenous cytokinin levels of Dendrobium Madame Thong-In seedlings grown in vitro during vegetative and flowering-inductive periods. HPLC was used to fractionate the extracts and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used for assay of zeatin (Z), dihydrozeatin (DZ), N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP) and their derivatives. Coconut water used in experiments was found to contain high level (>136 pmol ml(-1)) of zeatin riboside (ZR). Protocorms and seedlings cultured in medium with coconut water were found to contain 0.5-3.9 pmol g(-1) FW of the cytokinins analysed. Seedlings (1.0-1.5 cm) cultured in flowering-inductive liquid medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA, 4.4 muM) and coconut water (CW, 15%) contained up to 200 and 133 pmol g(-1) FW of iP and iPA, respectively. These levels were significantly higher than all other cytokinins analysed in seedlings of the same stage and were about 80- to 150-folds higher than seedlings cultured in non-inductive medium. During the transitional (vegetative to reproductive) stage, the endogenous levels of iP (178 pmol g(-1) FW) and iPA (63 pmol g(-1) FW) were also significantly higher than cytokinins in the zeatine (Z) and dihydrozeatin (DZ) families in the same seedlings. Seedlings that grew on inductive medium but remained vegetative contained lower levels of iPA. The importance of the profiles of iP and its derivatives in induction of in vitro flowering of D. Madame Thong-In is discussed.     

Biology of Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The biology of the fruit fly Bactrocera tau, an important horticultural pest, was studied under laboratory conditions at 25°C and 60–70% relative humidity on Cucurbita maxima. The duration of mating averaged 408.03 ± 235.93 min. After mating, the female fly had a preoviposition period of 11.7 ± 4.49 days. The oviposition rate was 9.9 ± 8.50 eggs and fecundity was 464.6 ± 67.98 eggs/female. Eggs were elliptical, smooth and shiny white, turning darker as hatching approached, and measured 1.30 ± 0.07 mm × 0.24 ± 0.04 mm. The chorion has polygonal microsculpturing and is species-specific with polygonal walls. The egg period lasts for 1.3 ± 0.41 days. The duration of the larval period is 1.2 ± 0.42, 1.7 ± 0.48 and 4.0 ± 0.94 days for first, second and third instars, respectively. Pupation occurs in the sand or soil and pupal periods are 7.0 ± 0.47 days. The life cycle from egg to adult was completed in 14.2 ± 1.69 days; the longevity of mated females and males was 130.33 ± 14.18 and 104.66 ± 31.21 days, respectively. At least two to three generations were observed from June 2008 to June 2009.     

Spectroscopic investigations of Er(3+) :CdO-Bi(2) O(3) -B(2) O(3) glasses

This article reports on the optical properties of Er³⁺ ions doped CdO–Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃ (CdBiB) glasses. The materials were characterized by optical absorption and emission spectra. By using Judd–Ofelt theory, the intensity parameters Ω_λ (λ = 2, 4, 6) and also oscillatory strengths were calculated from the absorption spectra. The results were used to compute the radiative properties of Er³⁺:CdBiB glasses. The concentration quenching and energy transfer from Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ were explained. The stimulated emission cross‐section, full width at half maximum (FWHM) and FWHM × values are also calculated for all the Er³⁺:CdBiB glasses. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cationic (tripyrrinato)palladium(II) complexes

The formation of cationic palladium(II)complexes [TrpyPd^II]⁺X⁻ by salt metathesis of the respective trifluoroacetates with different salts of weakly coordinating anions X⁻ was investigated. With non-hydrolizable counterions, cationic mono- and dinuclear complexes are observed depending on the nature of the anion X⁻ and the solvent. The mononuclear cations, which are only formed with X = BAr^F, most probably carry a weakly bound molecule of dichloromethane at the fourth coordination site of Pd^II. When treated with diazoalkanes, only these are sufficiently reactive to form carbene complexes. Four- and five coordinate Lewis base adducts [TrpyPd^IIL]⁺ with L = CH₃NC, tBuNH₂, PMe₃, PEt₃ and PiPr₃ and [TrpyPd^IIL₂]⁺ with L = PMe₃ were prepared from the mononuclear cations [TrpyPd^II]⁺BAr^F−. From structural studies it becomes apparent, that the formation of stable five coordinate Pd^II species is restricted to medium size ligands and depends on the delicate balance between the steric influence of L and the strain, which is induced on the TrpyPd^II unit.     

Copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes of chiral tetrathiafulvalene-oxazoline (TTF-OX) and tetrathiafulvalene-thiomethyl-oxazoline (TTF-SMe-OX) derivatives

Synthesis and single crystal X-ray structures of the first paramagnetic transition metal complexes containing chiral ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene-oxazoline (EDT-TTF-OX) 1a-c and ethylenedithio-tetrathiafulvalene-thiomethyloxazoline 2 (EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX) ligands based on copper (II) and cobalt (II) are described. The racemic [EDT-TTF-OX][Cu(hfac)₂] complex 3a crystallizes in the triclinic centrosymmetric space group , whereas the enantiopure counterparts 3b-c crystallize in the triclinic non-centrosymmetric space group P1. Cu(II) adopts a distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry, a much weaker Cu?S_TTF interaction also being identified. The same coordination pattern around Cu(II) is observed in the complex [(rac)-EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX][Cu(hfac)₂] (4) in spite of the bidentate nature of the redox active ligand. DFT theoretical calculations afforded two equilibrium configurations for a corresponding model complex, in which the metal centre establishes secondary coordination either with one S_TTF or with the SMe group. The same ligand coordinates the cobalt (II) to afford the octahedral complex [(rac)-EDT-TTF-(SMe)OX][Co(hfac)₂] (5). In all these novel complexes, the paramagnetic centres are structurally and magnetically isolated. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show the stability of the radical cation species.     

Synthesis and properties of trinuclear polypyridyl complexes Ru(II)-Co(II)-Ru(II) and Ru(II)-Co(III)-Ru(II): Their photoinduced interconversion

The trinuclear [{Ru^II(bpy)₂(bpy-terpy)}₂Co^II]⁶⁺ complex (1⁶⁺) in which a Co(II)-bis-terpyridine-like centre is covalently linked to two Ru(II)-tris-bipyridine-like moieties by a bridging bipyridine-terpyridine ligand has been synthesised and characterised. Its electrochemical, photophysical and photochemical properties have been investigated in CH₃CN. The cyclic voltammetry exhibits two successive reversible oxidation processes, corresponding to the Co^III/Co^II and Ru^III/Ru^II redox couples at E_1/2 = −0.06 and 0.91 V vs Ag/Ag⁺ 10 mM, respectively. The one-electron oxidized form of the complex, [{Ru^II(bpy)₂(bpy-terpy)}₂Co^III]⁷⁺ (1⁷⁺) obtained after exhaustive electrolysis carried out at 0.2 V is fully stable. 1⁶⁺ and 1⁷⁺ are only poorly luminescent, indicating that the covalent linkage of the Ru(II)-tris-bipyridine centre to the cobalt subunit leads to a strong quenching of the Ru^II excited state by an intramolecular process. Luminescence lifetime experiments carried out at different temperatures indicate that the transfer is more efficient for 1⁷⁺ compare to 1⁶⁺ due to lower activation energy. Continuous irradiation of 1⁷⁺ performed at 405 nm in the presence of P(Ph)₃ acting as sacrificial electron donor leads to its quantitative reduction into 1⁶⁺, whereas similar experiment starting from 1⁶⁺ with a sulfonium salt as sacrificial electron acceptor converts 1⁶⁺ into 1⁷⁺ with a slower rate and a maximum yield of 80%. These photoinduced electron transfers were followed by UV-Visible spectroscopy and compared with those obtained with a simple mixture of both mononuclear parent complexes i.e. [Ru^II(bpy)₃]²⁺ and [Co^II(tolyl-terpy)₂]²⁺ or [Co^III(tolyl-terpy)₂]³⁺ (tolyl-terpy = 4′-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine).