拟巫山淫羊藿的megastigmane糖苷和苯丙醇类成分

为了解拟巫山淫羊藿(Epimedium pseudowushaneseB. L. Guo)的化学成分,其从地上部分水提物中分离得到2个megastigmane糖苷和4个苯丙醇类化合物。通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为淫羊藿次苷B6(1)、megastigman-5-ene-3,9-diol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2)、丁香酚芸香糖苷(3)、2-羟基-1-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-1-丙酮(4)、2,3-二羟基-1-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基)-1-丙酮(5)、2,3-二羟基-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-丙酮(6)、二氢松柏基醇γ-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(7)。其中化合物2和7为新化合物,所有化合物均为首次从拟巫山淫羊藿中分离得到。     

偏斜淫羊藿化学成分研究

采用70%乙醇超声波辅助提取偏斜淫羊藿（Epimedium truncatum H.R.Liang）叶片中的类黄酮化学成分,利用LC-MS联用技术鉴定其化合物组成,利用HPLC方法测定其主要活性成分的含量并与药典规定药材箭叶淫羊藿（Epimedium sagittatum）主要活性成分的含量进行比较。结果从偏斜淫羊藿叶片中鉴定出6个化合物：朝藿定B、朝藿定C、淫羊藿苷、3,5,7-三羟基4’-甲氧基-8-异戊烯基黄酮-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基（1→2）-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖甙、山奈苷。该6个化合物均为首次在该植物中发现。偏斜淫羊藿富含朝藿定C,其含量显著高于箭叶淫羊藿主要活性成分的总含量。结果表明LC-MS可以简单、快速地对淫羊藿化学成分进行定性和定量分析,偏斜淫羊藿富含朝藿定C,具有潜在的药用价值。     

吴茱萸的化学成分研究

从吴茱萸中分离得到16个化合物,通过波谱数据和理化性质分别鉴定为:吴茱萸次碱(1)、吴茱萸碱(2)、去氢吴茱萸碱(3)、7β-羟基吴茱萸次碱(4)、吴茱萸果酰胺-Ⅱ(5)、14-甲酰基二氢吴茱萸次碱(6)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(7)、淫羊藿新苷C(8)、橙皮苷(9)、金丝桃苷(10)、吴茱萸内酯(11)、β-谷甾醇(12)、胡萝卜苷(13)、咖啡酸(14)、紫丁香苷(15)、儿茶酚(16).化合物9、15、16为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物15、16为首次从吴茱萸属植物中分离得到.     

尾叶香茶菜水溶性部位化学成分研究

采用XAD16N大孔树脂、HW-40C凝胶柱和硅胶柱等色谱手段,从长白山产尾叶香茶菜甲醇提取物的水溶性部位中纯化得到山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(1)、芦丁(2)、异槲皮苷(3)、槲皮素-7-O-鼠李糖苷(4)、金樱子皂苷A(5)、β-胡萝卜苷(6)、咖啡酸(7)、槲皮素(8)和熊果酸(9),其中化合物1,4,5,7,8为首次从尾叶香茶菜中分离得到,化合物1和5为首次从该属中分离得到。     

茂汶淫羊藿化学成分的研究

从小檗科植物茂汶淫羊藿 (EpimediumplatyetalumK .Meyer)的地上部分首次分离得到 5种化合物 (1- 5 ) ,经化学和波谱法 (UV、IR、NMR和FAB_MS)鉴定 ,其中两种为新化合物 ,命名为茂藿甙A (3,5_dihydroxy_4′_methoxy_8_(3″_hydroxyisopentyl)_flavone_7_O_β_D_glucopyranoside ,1)和茂藿甙B (5_hydroxy_4′_methoxy_8_prenyl_flavone_3_O_β_D_glu copyranosyl(1→ 4 )_O_α_L_rhamnopyranosyl_7_O_β_D_glucopyranoside ,2 ) ,另三种为淫羊藿甙 (3)、宝藿甙_Ⅰ (4)和胡萝卜甙 (5 )。     

黄花败酱化学成分研究

对黄花败酱Patrinia scabiosaefolia的化学成分进行研究。采用硅胶、Sephadex-LH 20、制备等多种色谱分离技术进行提取分离纯化,然后应用波谱技术进行结构鉴定,从黄花败酱全草95%乙醇提取物中共分离得到24个化合物,分别鉴定为:8,9-didehydro-7-hydroxydolichodial(1)、convoldorine(2)、3-O-p-香豆酰奎尼酸(3)、松柏醛(4)、芥子醛(5)、C-藜芦酰乙二醇(6)、2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone(7)、莨菪亭(8)、异莨菪苷(9)、七叶苷(10)、clovin(11)、robinin(12)、苄基葡萄糖苷(13)、淫羊藿次苷F2(14)、2-苯乙基-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(15)、淫羊藿次苷D1(16)、大黄素(17)、β-谷甾醇(18)、熊果酸(19)、2α,6α-dihydroxy-5-[(E)-3′-hydroxy-3′-methyl-1′-butenyl]-6-methyl-4-cyclohexen-3-one(20)、loliolide黑麦草内酯(21)、isololiolide异黑麦草内酯(22)、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚-l-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(23)、对羟基苯甲醛(24)。其中,化合物1为新天然产物,化合物2、3、5～7、9～17、20、22～24为首次从败酱属中分离得到。以上化合物对人结肠癌细胞HCT-116均未表现出抑制活性。     

罗汉果果渣的化学成分及抗炎活性研究CSCD

研究罗汉果(Siraitia grosvenorii)水提果渣的化学成分及其体外抗炎活性。采用多种色谱方法对罗汉果果渣化学成分进行系统的分离纯化,得到了26个化合物,并结合MS、NMR等波谱学手段对其进行结构鉴定,分别为齐墩果酸28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、齐墩果酸3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷-6′-乙酯(2)、(3α)-3,29-dihydroxy-7-oxomultiflor-8-ene-3,29-diyl dibenzoate(3)、3,29-二苯甲酰基栝楼仁二醇(4)、isomultiflorenol(5)、curcasinlignan B(6)、urolignoside(7)、diospyrosin(8)、楝叶吴萸素B(9)、4′-羟基苯基乙基香草酸酯(10)、橙黄胡椒酰胺乙酸酯(11)、山柰酚-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(12)、山柰苷(13)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(14)、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷-7-O-β-D-木糖苷(1→2)-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(15)、sagittatin A(16)、葫芦烷-5,24-二烯-3β-醇(17)、balsaminol E(18)、大豆脑苷I(19)、β-谷甾醇(20)、β-胡萝卜苷(21)、胆甾-5-烯-3β,7α-二醇(22)、2 E-4-羟基-壬烯酸(23)、香兰素(24)、对羟基苯乙醇(25)、β-hydroxypropiovanillone(26)。化合物2、6~11为首次在葫芦科植物中分离得到,化合物1、3、4、14~16、18、19、22~26为首次从罗汉果属植物中分离得到。初步研究了化合物1~26的体外抗炎活性,化合物4、5、7、13、19和21能抑制TNF-α生成,化合物13和21能同时抑制IL-1β、IL-6的生成,化合物7、19、22能抑制IL-1β的生成,化合物5能抑制IL-6的生成。     

法兰地草莓的芳香类和黄酮类成分

为了解草莓(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.)法兰地品种的化学成分,采用色谱分离方法,从新鲜果实的乙醇提取物中获得19个化合物。通过波谱数据分析鉴定了它们的结构,分别为对羟基苯甲酸(1)、没食子酸乙酯(2)、鞣花酸3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(3)、苄基β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、淫羊藿次苷F2(5)、苄基6-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、苯乙基6-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、反式肉桂酰基β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、顺式肉桂酰基β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)、反式对香豆酰基β-D-葡萄糖苷(10)、顺式对香豆酰基β-D-葡萄糖苷(11)、反式阿魏酰基β-D-葡萄糖苷(12)、山柰酚(13)、反式椴树苷(14)、山柰酚3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(15)、槲皮素(16)、槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(17)、槲皮素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(18)和根皮苷(19),化合物1~12为芳香类,其余为黄酮类。所有化合物均为首次从法兰地品种中报道,化合物4~9为首次从草莓中获得。     

秃叶黄皮树叶子的化学成分研究(英文)

从秃叶黄皮树叶子(Phellodendron chinensevar.glabriusculumSchneid)分离到7个化合物,经波谱解析鉴定为6-O-乙酰基黄柏苷(1),6-O-乙酰基二氢黄柏苷(2),(2R)-4′,5-二羟基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-8-异戊烯基-二氢黄酮(3),黄柏苷(4),2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-羟基-苯甲酸苄酯(5),柑橘素C(6),3-羰基齐墩果烷(7),其中化合物1～3,5～7为首次从秃叶黄皮树叶子中分离得到。     

珍珠菜中黄酮及Megastigmane类化学成分研究

对珍珠菜Lysimachia clethroides的化学成分进行研究。应用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和制备型HPLC等柱色谱技术进行分离纯化,并运用现代波谱技术(ESI-MS,1H NMR,13C NMR)进行结构鉴定。从珍珠菜中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为山柰酚(1)、槲皮素(2)、cinchonain Ib(3)、芹菜素-6-C-β-D-吡喃木糖基-8-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(4)、芹菜素-6,8-二-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(5)、芹菜素-6-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-8-C-β-D-吡喃木糖苷(6)、芹菜素-6,8-二-C-β-D-吡喃木糖苷(7)、芹菜素-6-C-β-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-8-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、芹菜素-6-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-8-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、芹菜素-6-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-8-C-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(10)、blumenol A(11)、(3S,5R,6R,7E,9S)-大柱香波龙-7-烯-3,5,6,9-四醇3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(12)。化合物3~8和11~12为首次从该属植物中分离得到。体外活性测试结果显示化合物1~12均没有明显的细胞毒活性(IC5010μM)。     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Die GattungKarschia — Bindeglied zwischen bitunicaten Ascomyceten und lecanoralen Flechtenpilzen?

The genusKarschia, in the earlier sense, including saprophytes and parasites on lichens, has been thought to be a non-lichenized parallel genus of the lichen genusBuellia. Modern workers included it on the one hand inBuellia, on the other hand combined it with bitunicate ascomycetes. It is now proved thatKarschia is heterogeneous and contains but superficially similar members both of the genusBuellia of theLecanorales and of typical or masked bitunicateAscomycetes. Therefore, it can not be regarded as a link betweenLecanorales andDothideales. The type species ofKarschia belongs to theDothideales.

     

Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos

The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Biological control of three floating water weeds,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salviniamolesta</Emphasis> in the Republic of Congo

Since 1999, four specific weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) were released in the Republic of Congo against three exotic floating water weeds: Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache against water hyacinth, Neohydronomus affinis Hustache against water lettuce, and Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands against water fern. Recoveries of exotic weevils were made from all 24 release sites except one, and all four species have established and spread (up to 800 km for water hyacinth weevils). Within a few years of releases, control of water fern and water lettuce was such that fishing and navigation could be resumed, while reductions of water hyacinth populations were only beginning.     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.