广西大瑶山自然保护区植物区系资料

<正> 灌本,高2—5米。树皮灰褐色至黄褐色;嫩枝被黄褐色茸毛,老时变无毛,芽体密被灰黄色至黄褐色绢毛。叶互生,革质,椭圆形或卵状椭圆形,长8—15厘米,宽3—6匣米,先端渐尖,基部阔楔形至圆形,表面深绿色,无毛,背面淡绿色,被灰黄色疏长毛,干后两面密布小瘤状突起物,中脉在表面下陷,侧脉5—7对,在表面平坦或下陷,叶缘具腺状细锯齿。花通常单生,顶生或腋生,开放时直径4.2—4.5厘米,花柄极短,长2—3毫米;苞片和萼片约9枚,薄革质,易压碎,在外方的半圆形,长4—5毫米,宽4—6毫米,在內     

湖北牛奶菜属一新种

木质藤本,枝具极稀疏柔毛至无毛。叶对生,椭圆状披针形、长椭圆形或长圆形,长7—15厘米,宽1.5—5厘米,顶端尾尖,基部圆形或宽楔形,上面具极稀疏柔毛至无毛,下面具柔毛至无毛;侧脉6—7对,弧形上,升近边缘网结;叶柄长1.5—2.5厘米,具疏柔毛。伞形花序腋生,着花3—8朵;花序梗长0.5—2厘米,被柔毛;花梗长0.5—     

广东大戟科两新种

<正> 灌木,高1—2米。当年生小枝、叶柄和花梗被细毛,老枝有时有木栓质增厚的棱,无毛。叶纸质,倒卵状椭圆形至倒卵形,长2—4.5厘米,宽1.5—2.5厘米,顶端钝、近圆形、微短尖或稀微凹,基部阔楔形至近圆形,边全缘或微背卷,两面无毛,背面灰棕色,侧脉每边3—5条,近边缘处分叉成网状消失;叶柄长2—6毫米。雄花未见,雌花1—4朵从新枝顶端或近顶端叶腋生出,花梗长约5毫米;萼片5片,卵状三角形,长约1.5毫米,被疏柔毛;子房被疏长柔毛,后无毛,3室,每室有1胚珠,花柱3枚,基部短短地合生,上部     

广西姜花属一新种

<正> 深裂黄姜花 新种 图 多年生草本,茎高1—2米,直径1—3厘米;根状茎匍匐,粗壮,直径约3厘米,节间长1.5—2厘米。叶矩圆状披针形,长40—65厘米,宽7.5—13厘米,顶端长渐尖,尾状,基部急尖至阔楔形,无柄,腹面深绿色,无毛,背面略带粉绿色,疏被绢丝状柔毛;中脉在叶腹面下凹,在叶背面凸起,侧脉16—22对。叶舌干膜质,三角形至狭三角形,长2—4.5厘米,顶端圆钝,外侧密被绢丝状柔毛。穗状花序顶生,球果状,椭圆形,长15—20厘米,直径4—5厘米;苞片复瓦状排列,卵形至长卵形,绿色,长5—6厘米,宽4—5厘米,顶     

广西铁木属一新种

<正> 乔木,高15—17米,胸径21—30厘米,树皮灰褐色,粗糙;老枝暗紫褐色,疏生不甚明显的褐色细小皮孔,变无毛,幼枝密被黄褐色长柔毛;芽椭圆形或狭卵形,长3—5毫米,芽鳞阔卵形,疏被短柔毛或无毛,边具缘毛。叶互生,卵形,稀狭卵形,长5—10.5厘米,宽2.5—5厘米,顶端渐尖,稀短浙尖,基部微心形,稍偏斜,上面疏生长柔毛或近无毛,背面灰绿色,密被短柔毛,中脉上面下凹,被开展的长柔毛,背面突起,基部密被其余疏被长柔毛,侧脉14—20对,脉间距离宽达6毫米,上面下凹,被短柔毛,背面突     

山豆根属一新种

<正> 灌木,高约80厘米。小枝圆柱形,直径约7毫米,无毛,髓疏松。叶具小叶3—5枚,叶柄长7—10.5厘米,被短柔毛或无毛;小叶纸质,宽椭圆形至倒卵形,上面无毛,下面密被短绒毛,中脉在上面下凹,在下面凸起,侧脉8对,可见,网脉极不明显;顶生小叶长13.5—14厘米,宽9—15厘米,先端突短尖,基部楔形,小叶柄长1—1.5厘米,侧生小叶对生,长10.5—13厘米,宽7厘米,先端突短尖,基部楔形至宽楔形,小叶柄长3—5毫米,两对     

广西鱼黄草属一新种

<正> 多年生草本。茎细长,匍匐,上部常缠绕,密被长硬毛。叶椭圆形或卵状披针形,长1.8—5厘米,宽0.8—2.5厘米,全缘,顶端锐尖或近圆形,具短尖头,基部近圆形,浅心形或阔楔形,边缘密被及两面疏被长硬毛,背面脉上毛常较密,侧脉每边3—6条,两面凸起,小脉平行横出,在叶面不显,在叶背明显突起;叶柄长3—8毫米,密被长硬毛。花序的苞叶卵形,基部截形,少为浅心形或近圆形。聚伞花序腋生,具花1—3朵,仅1花能育,花序梗长约5毫米;苞片线形,极小,长2—3毫米;花蕾狭卵形,顶端长渐尖;萼片披针形,近等     

安徽黄芩属一新种

<正> 多年生直立草本,高45—65厘米。茎四棱形,具槽,中部以下几无毛,中部以上沿棱角及节部略被下曲的短柔毛。叶卵状椭圆形,长(5—)8—9.5厘米,宽2.5—4厘米,先端渐尖,基部圆形,边缘具间有双重圆齿状锯齿,上面近无毛,下面沿脉上疏破短柔毛,余部无毛被黄色腺点;叶柄长1—2.5厘米。花对生排列成长7—14厘米的顶生和腋生总状花序,花梗长2—3毫米。盾片高1.5毫米,花萼长4.5毫米,萼外仅沿脉及边缘上疏被短柔毛,余部无毛,果时萼增大,长达7毫米,宽4.5毫米,盾片高4毫米,花冠白色,长3.1—3.5厘米,外疏被短     

四川山姜属一新种

<正> 多年生草本,高55—65厘米。根茎密节,具鳞片。叶披针形或卵状披针形,长(6—)10—18厘米,宽(1.4—)2—3厘米,先端细长尾尖,基部宽楔形或近圆形,边缘具缘毛,两面均被短柔毛,尤以叶背明显:叶具短柄,长1—2毫米,有时不明显,叶鞘被短柔毛;叶舌长1—1.5毫米或不明显,2裂,外被短柔毛。总状花序顶生,花密集,长4—5厘米;总苞片黄白色,矩圆形,与花序近等长,内面光滑,外面疏被短柔毛或近无毛,先端细尾状尖,通常早落;花序轴粗约2毫米,具疏柔毛或几无毛;花梗长1—2毫米,被短柔毛。花     

广西绞股蓝属一新种

攀援革质藤本。茎纤细,无毛,具沟纹。卷须丝状,先端二叉。叶互生,鸟足状(3-)5(-7)小叶;叶柄长2—3厘米,无毛;小叶柄长3—5毫米;小叶膜质,卵状长圆形或倒卵形,先端短尖或钝圆,基部楔形或近圆形,边缘具锯齿,两面绿色无毛或沿中脉和侧脉疏被柔毛;中间小叶长2.—3.5厘米,宽1.5—2.5厘米;两侧较小,外侧稍偏斜。花     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.