Parasabella Bush, 1905, replacement name for the polychaete genus Demonax Kinberg, 1867 (Annelida, Polychaeta, Sabellidae)

Parasabella Bush, 1905 is reintroduced as a replacement name for Demonax Kinberg, 1867 (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellidae) which is a junior homonym of Demonax Thomson, 1860 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).     

Exogoninae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from the Mexican Caribbean region with a key for the Gran Caribbean species]

This paper identifies the Exogoninae (Syllidae) from the Mexican Caribbean coasts and includes a key to identify all the species recorded from the Grand Caribbean Sea. The classification of the family and the composition of Exogoninae are briefly examined; the correct names of the subfamilies are Syllinae Grube, 1850, Eusyllinae Malaquin, 1893, Autolytinae Malaquin, 1893 and Exogoninae Langerhans, 1879. Exogoninae includes Anguillosyllis Day, 1963, Brania de Quatrefages, 1866, Braniella Hartman, 1963, Exogone ?rsted, 1845, Exogonella Hartman, 1961, Exogonoides Day, 1963, Parapionosyllis Fauvel, 1923, Psammosyllis Westheide, 1990, Spermosyllis Claparède, 1864, and Sphaerosyllis Claparède, 1863. Pseudexogone Augener, 1922, formerly included in the group, is not a syllid; it belongs to Pilargidae. We collected 814 specimens belonging to 3 genera, 3 subgenera and 13 species as Brania (4), Exogone (4) and Sphaerosyllis (5); five new species are described: Brania russelli n. sp, Brania uebelackerae n. sp, Brania westheidei n. sp., Exogone (Exogone) bondi n. sp. and Exogone (Parexogone) sanmartini n. sp. For each species, selected references, diagnostic features, observations on morphological variability, distribution and illustrations are provided; new species also have an english diagnosis. Most abundant species were B. uebelackerae n. sp. (295), S. taylori Perkins (169), E. (E.) dispar Webster (76), and E. (E.) bondi n sp. (72).     

FOSSILE HIRUDINEA AUS DEM OBERJURA VON BAYERN

The first certain fossil species of Hirudinea, Epitrachys rugosus Ehlers 1869 and Palaeohirudo eichstaettensis n. gen., n. sp., are described from the Upper Jurassic ' Lithographen-Schiefer' of Kehlheim and Eichstätt (Bavaria). Hitherto, Epitrachys rugosus Ehlers 1868 was assigned to Gephyrea Quatrefages. 1847.     

A new species of Alcyonosyllis Glasby and Watson, 2001 (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Shimoda,Japan, commensal with the gorgonian Melithaea flabellifera

A new species of Alcyonosyllis Glasby and Watson, 2001 (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Syllinae) is described from shallow water of Shimoda, Izu Peninsula, Japan. The worms were commensal with the gorgonian Melithae flabellifera (Kükenthal, 1909). Alcyonosyllis glasbyi n. sp. differs from all other species of the genus in having a single chaeta per parapodium. The genus is new to Japan.     

Pythium contiguanum nomen novum (syn. Pythium dreschleri Paul), its antagonism to Botrytis cinerea, ITS1 region of its nuclear ribosomal DNA, and its comparison with related species

Pythium drechsleri Paul was described as a new species from soil samples taken in a salt-marsh of Arzew, Algeria [Paul, B. (1988) Une nouvelle espèce de Pythium isolée d'une saline de l'ouest Algérien. Cryptogam. Mycol. 9, 325-333]. The name of the fungus, P. drechsleri, is a nomen invalidum, as it is a later homonym of P. drechsleri Rajgopalan and Ramakrishnan [Rajagopalan, S. and Ramakrishnan, K. (1971) Phycomycetes in agricultural soils with special reference to the Pythiaceae. Madras Univ. J. Sect. B 37,38, 100-117]. A new name, Pythium contiguanum is now being given to P. drechsleri Paul. This species is characterised by its contiguous inflated type of sporangia, smooth-walled oogonia and mostly monoclinous antheridia. Although the fungus is not known to be a pathogen, it has a very well developed appressorial system comprised of both sickle shaped and coiled appressoria. Morphological features, its antagonism towards the grape-vine pathogen Botrytis cinerea, together with the sequences of the ITS1 region of its nuclear ribosomal DNA and its comparison with related species are given here.     

A new Spionidae (Polychaeta) from North Carolina, and a redescription of Marenzelleria wireni Augener, 1913, from Spitsbergen, with a key for all species of Marenzelleria

Marenzelleria bastropi, a new species of Spionidae (Polychaeta) from the brackish water Currituck Sound, North Carolina, is described. The new species is characterized by the great number of chaetigers between the first neuro- and notopodial hooded hooks, the extension of the nuchal organ up to the end of chaetiger 2/middle of chaetiger 3 and the presence of about 60–90 branchiate chaetigers. Marenzelleria bastropi sp. nov. is closely related to M. neglecta (Sikorski and Bick, 2004) and Marenzelleria viridis (Verrill, 1873). Marenzelleria wireni Augener, 1913 is described here for the first time from western Spitsbergen. Adult specimens are investigated and compared with specimens from other areas of distribution. A key for subadult and adult specimens of all Marenzelleria species is provided.     

Review of the systematics and biology of the Otopheidomenidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) with a description of Eickwortius gen.n. from a termite (Isoptera: Termitidae)

The systematics of the family Otopheidomenidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) is reviewed. Eickwortius termes gen.n. et sp.n. is described from a termite, Macrotermes michaelseni (Sjöstedt) (Isoptera: Termitidae) from Kenya. Treatia ghaiguptaorum nom.n. is proposed for Treatia indica Ghai & Gupta, 1984, which is a junior homonym of Treatia indica Krantz & Khot, 1962. The Otopheidomenidae as recognized in this paper consists of twenty-five species in nine genera grouped into three subfamilies: Otopheidomeninae Treat, Treatiinae Wainstein, and Kadytiseiinae Fain & Lukoschus. Keys to the subfamilies and genera of Otopheidomenidae are provided and the described species of each genus are listed. The biology of the Otopheidomenidae and its potential in biological control are discussed.     

The braconid genus Alysia (Hymenoptera): a description of the subgenera and a revision of the subgenus Alysia

ABSTRACT. The forty-two species included in Alysia are divided into two subgenera based on the shape of the ovipositor. Four species-groups are proposed for Alysia (Alysia) and three for Alysia (Anarcha). The species of the subgenus Alysia are revised, with emphasis on the Nearctic fauna, and eleven new species are described. Seven new synonyms and ten new combinations are proposed. Epidista is transferred from synonymy under Alysia to synonymy under Tanycarpa. A new name Gnathopleura quadridentata nom.n . is proposed for G.nigripennis (Brues), a junior secondary homonym of G.nigripennis (Thomson).     

寡毛金花天牛的新异名

奥地利天牛分类学家Holzschuh(1993)根据四川标本描述了C.anrotes(Carilia)glabricollis Holzschuh,1993.因该学名已被光胸金花天牛Gaurotes (Neogaurotes )glabricollis Pu,1992占用,Holzschuh(1998)为其拟定了替换学名Gaurotes (Carilia )glabratula Holzschuh,1998.后来,蒋书楠、陈力(2001)也为这个异物同名拟定了一个不必要的替换学名寡毛金花天牛Gaurotes(Carilia)oligothrix Chiang,2001.根据<国际动物命名法规>(第4版),Gaurotes (Carilia)glabratula Holzschuh,1998享有优先权,因此Gaurotes(Carilia)oligothrix Chiang,2001成为客观次异名.     

Description of a new species of Sternocoelis from Morocco with proposal of the Sternocoelis marseulii species group (Coleoptera, Histeridae)

TheSternocoelis marseulii species group is proposed based on antennal and prosternal characters. Five species are included in the group:Sternocoelis marseulii (Brisout de Barneville, 1866)(Spain), Sternocoelis viaticus Lewis, 1892 (Algeria), Sternocoelis vaucheri Lewis, 1896 (Morocco), Sternocoelis berberus Lackner & Yélamos, 2001 (Morocco)and Sternocoelis yelamosisp. n. (Morocco). The external morphology of Sternocoelis yelamosisp. n. is described and illustrated, the illustrations of genitalia of all species of the group (except for Sternocoelis vaucheri) are provided and a key to the species of the group is given.     

Three new species of Loxosoma (Entoprocta) from Phuket, Thailand, with a review of the genus

Three new species of Loxosoma are described, L. nung and L. song , on the polychaete Pectinaria brevispinis from the reef flat in front of Phuket Marine Biological Center, and L. sum on the polychaete Axiothella obockiensis from a sand flat at Nai Yang Beach, Phuket Island. The genus Loxosoma is briefly reviewed. Species originally referred to Loxosoma but now transferred to Loxosomella are listed; insufficiently characterized species probably belonging to Loxosomella are listed as well. The monospecific genus Loxostemma is synonymized with Loxosoma . The subgenus name Loxosomina is proposed to replace the junior homonym Loxomorpha .     

Morphology, reproductive biology and molecular genetics of ovoviviparous freshwater gastropods (Cerithioidea, Pachychilidae) from the Philippines, with description of a new genus Jagora

The new genus Jagora of the family Pachychilidae Troschel, 1857 is described for the type species Melania asperata Lamarck, 1822 from the Philippines. In addition to J. asperata, a second endemic species of the new genus, J. dactylus (I. Lea & H.C. Lea, 1850), is recognized on the basis of shell morphometry and molecular genetic data (cytochrome C oxidase I and 16S rRNA). The taxonomic history of J. asperata and J. dactylus is revised and the recent distribution documented on basis of available museum material and the authors’ own field collections. J. asperata occurs on Luzon and its satellite islands Leyte and Samar, while J. dactylus is restricted to the Visayan islands Bohol, Cebu, and Guimeras. The morphology of the two species is presented and illustrated in detail, and compared to taxa of the closely related genus Brotia H. Adams, 1866 to which they were previously assigned. Among the South‐east Asian freshwater Cerithioidea of the family Pachychilidae, which were previously subsumed under Brotia for their more or less similar shell morphology and operculum, three distinct lineages can be distinguished, in particular by means of distinct reproductive anatomy: (1) the species of Brotia sensu stricto from mainland South‐east Asia, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, which all exhibit a subhaemocoelic brood pouch; (2) the pachychilid species endemic to Sulawesi, currently assigned to the genera Brotia and Tylomelania, as well as both species of Pseudopotamis endemic to the Torres Strait Islands, which possess a uterine brood pouch; (3) the females of the Philippine Jagora, which carry egg capsules, embryos and advanced juvenile stages within the mantle cavity — a unique reproductive feature. Associated with this mode of ovoviviparity, Jagora is characterized by additional unique properties of the reproductive system including a deeply incised and long sperm gutter in the medial lamina, a very short and posteriorly positioned spermatophore bursa formed by the medial lamina, and a prominent lateral ridge functioning as a seminal receptacle. These characteristics are exclusive to Jagora and are consequently considered to represent autapomorphies of this clade which is endemic only to the Philippines. The zoogeographical implications are discussed in connection with a recently developed palaeogeographical reconstruction.     

A new species of Nicon Kinberg, 1866 (Polychaeta,Nereididae) from Ecuador,Eastern Pacific,with a?key?to?all known?species?of the genus

A new species of Nicon Kinberg, 1866 from the east Pacific coast of Ecuador is described. The new species is characterized by a long, thin dorsal ligule on median and posterior parapodia and infracicular sesquigomph falcigers in the neuropodia. A key to all species of Nicon is provided.     

Notes about morphological features of the Western Hemisphere subtribe Ardistomina, and revision of genus Semiardistomis Kult (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Scaritinae, Clivinini)

Comparisons of structural features (principally mouthparts, elytral-abdominal locking mechanism, and female genitalia) of the ardistomine genera (Aspidoglossa Putzeys, Ardistomis Putzeys, and Semiardistomis Kult) with those features of members of the subtribe Clivinina (Clivina Latreille, Oxydrepanus Putzeys, Schizogenius Putzeys,Ancus Putzeys, Nyctosyles Putzeys, and Obadius Burmeister) confirm the taxonomic validity of the subtribe Ardistomina. Based on morphological features, the ardistomine genera are postulated to be related as follows: [Aspidoglossa [Ardistomis + Semiardistomis]]. Knowledge of this subtribe is further extended by taxonomic treatment of the genus Semiardistomis Kult. Of the 30 valid names of Semiardistomis previously recognized, four were proposed as variety names, and are listed as junior synonyms: Ardistomis labialis picipes Bates, 1881, Ardistomis labialis nanus Bates, 1881, and Ardistomis labialis dilatatus Bates, 1881; and Ardistomis pallipes caerulea Putzeys, 1846. Eight names, treated as specific epithets, are junior synonyms, as follows: Ardistomis (Semiardistomis) balthasari Kult, 1950 = Semiardistomis glabratus (Putzeys, 1866); Ardistomis (Semiardistomis) emdeni Kult, 1950 = Semiardistomis deletus (Putzeys, 1846); Ardistomis aenea Putzeys, 1866, Ardistomis (Semiardistomis) brittoni Kult, 1950, and Ardistomis (Semiardistomis) marani Kult, 1950 = Semiardistomis flavipes (Dejean, 1831); Ardistomis tuspanensis Putzeys, 1846 = Semiardistomis labialis (Chaudoir, 1837); Ardistomis (Semiardistomis) vlastae Kult, 1950 = Semiardistomis subglabra (van Emden, 1949); and Ardistomis striga Putzeys, 1866 = Semiardistomis pallipes (Dejean, 1831). Two new species described are Semiardistomis exspectatussp. n.(type locality PERU, Madre de Dios, Rio Manu, 11°56'47"S, 071°17'00"W), and Semiardistomis majorsp. n. (type locality PERU, Loreto, Rio Samiria, 05°12'S, 75°20'W). The 20 species of Semiardistomis are arranged intwo species-groups here proposed: the puncticollis group, including 12 species; and labialis group, including eight species. The species recognized are keyed, described or redescribed, and notes are provided about their Geographical distribution, habitat and activity. Distribution maps show known geographical ranges, from which are inferred patterns of speciation from a center of radiation in northern South America of both lineages.     

Modeling concurrent binding of multiple molecular species in cell adhesion

Cell adhesion provides not only physical linkage but also communication between the cell and its environment. As such, it is important to many cellular functions. Recently, the probability distribution of forming a low number of specific adhesive bonds in a short-duration contact has been described (Chesla et al., Biophys. J. , 1998, 75:1553-1572). This model assumes that binding occurs between a single receptor species and a single ligand species. However, cell adhesion molecules rarely work alone in physiological settings. To account for these in vivo situations, we extended the previous model to include concurrent interactions of multiple receptor-ligand species, introducing the concept of independent binding. Closed-form solutions have been obtained for cases where competition is absent or can be neglected. In two companion papers (Williams et al., Biophys. J., 2000, 79:1858-1866; 2000, 79:1867-1875), the model developed herein has been applied to analyze two sets of experiments designed such that the validity of the theory was also tested.     

宁津近岸海域大型底栖动物生态学特征和季节变化

宁津海域位于山东半岛东端,南北黄海交界处. 根据2007年1、4、7及10月4个航次(冬、春、夏、秋)对宁津近岸海域大型底栖动物调查资料,采用优势度指数、物种多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数,Bray-Curtis相似性聚类分析以及MDS标序等方法,分析了该区域内大型底栖动物的生态学特点和季节变化.结果表明： 该区域共采集到大型底栖动物243种,其中多毛类动物96种;软体动物43种;甲壳动物77种;棘皮动物13种;其他类群动物14种.各季度优势种有变化也有重叠,拟特须虫和日本倍棘蛇尾为4个季度共有优势种.调查海域年平均生物量为9.5 g·m^-2,最高生物量出现在春季,最低出现在冬季;年平均丰度为219.6 ind·m^-2,最高丰度出现在冬季,最低出现在秋季.物种多样性指数(H)变化范围2.82～3.23,物种丰富度指数(D) 2.28～2.75,物种均匀度指数(J) 0.82～0.86.聚类分析结果表明,4个航次群落分布格局均包含近岸群落和远岸群落;大型底栖动物群落结构与水深和底质等环境因子密切相关.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Treichelia dodii</Emphasis> (Campanulaceae s.s.), a new name in an endemic genus from Western Cape,South Africa

Examination of herbarium specimens and field studies showed that an unnamed taxon collected from Malmesbury, Western Cape for phylogenetic studies in the Campanulaceae, is a distinct species within the monotypic genus Treichelia. This species previously described as Wahlenbergia depressa Wolley-Dod is resurrected as Treichelia dodii to replace a later homonym. The differences between Treichelia longibracteata (H. Buek) Vatke and W. depressa are explained. A key to the species and a distribution map are provided.     

Multidrug transport by the ABC transporter Sav1866 from Staphylococcus aureus

Sav1866 is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein from the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and is a homologue of bacterial and human multidrug ABC transporters. Recently, the three-dimensional crystal structure of Sav1866 was determined at 3.0 A resolution [Dawson, R. J., and Locher, K. P. (2006) Nature 443, 180-185]. Although this structure is frequently used to homology model human and microbial ABC multidrug transporters by computational methods, the ability of Sav1866 to transport multiple drugs has not been described. We obtained functional expression of Sav1866 in the drug-sensitive, Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus lactis Delta lmrA Delta lmrCD lacking major endogenous multidrug transporters. Sav1866 displayed a Hoechst 33342, verapamil, tetraphenylphosphonium, and vinblastine-stimulated ATPase activity. In growing cells, Sav1866 expression conferred resistance to Hoechst 33342. In transport assays in intact cells, Sav1866 catalyzed the translocation of amphiphilic cationic ethidium. Additionally, Sav1866 mediated the active transport of Hoechst 33342 in membrane vesicles and proteoliposomes containing purified and functionally reconstituted protein. Sav1866-mediated resistance and transport were inhibited by the human ABCB1 and ABCC1 modulator verapamil. This work represents the first demonstration of multidrug transport by Sav1866 and suggests that Sav1866 can serve as a well-defined model for studies on the molecular bases of drug-protein interactions in ABC transporters. Our methods for the overexpression, purification, and functional reconstitution of Sav1866 are described in detail.     

High abundance of Myriochele fragilis Nilsen & Holthe, 1985 (Polychaeta: Oweniidae) in the deep sea of the Eastern Mediterranean

An exceptionally high abundance of Myriochele fragilis Nilsen & Holthe, 1985 (Polychaeta: Oweniidae) is reported for the Ierapetra Basin in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea from depths of 4159 and 4260 m, representing the first record outside the Norwegian and Arctic Sea and extending the depth range by more than 1600 m. Specimens are described and compared to closely related species.