动脉粥样硬化动物模型研究进展

动脉粥样硬化是严重危害人类健康的常见病、多发病之一.动脉粥样硬化动物模型的研制对研究其发病机制、病理变化及其防治起着重要作用.近年来,对动脉粥样硬化模型的研究颇多.本文从模型动物的选择、造模方法及模型的评价指标方面对动脉粥样硬化动物模型的研究进行综述,为今后动脉粥样硬化的研究提供一定的线索.     

慢性炎症与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究进展

动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis,AS）的发病机制非常复杂,对其研究经历了一个半世纪,直到1999年Ross提出”动脉粥样硬化是一种炎症性疾病”,各种炎症细胞和炎症因子参与动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展过程。已有众多的基础和临床研究都证实炎症在AS中的重要作用,但仍需要对AS发生发展的深入研究,使我们更准确认识和有效的防治AS。本文就近年来慢性炎症与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究进展作一综述。     

DNA甲基化与miRNA相互调节与动脉粥样硬化

动脉粥样硬化是一类严重危害人类健康的心血管疾病,其发病机制一直是研究的热点.随着近年表观遗传学研究的深入,特别是人类表观基因组计划(Human Epigenome Project, HEP)的实施,以及国际人类表观基因组协会(Human Epigenome Con-sortium, HEC)的成立,DNA甲基化和miRNA在动脉粥样硬化中的调控作用机制被逐渐认识.它们不仅能够作为独立因子在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程发挥作用,而且最新研究发现,它们可以相互形成交叉网络调控,但其具体过程尚未阐明. 本文拟就DNA甲基化、miRNA在动脉粥样硬化发生发展中相互作用的最新研究进行综述.     

中医药治疗溃疡性结肠炎的研究近况

正溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative coliti,UC)是一种病因不明的慢性疾病,也是一种世界性的难治疾病[1]。该病以腹泻、腹痛、黏液脓血便、里急后重为主要临床表现,复发率高,治愈难度大,临床上西医治疗无特效手段。近年来,中医药在治疗UC方面进行了大量的研究,取得了较好的疗效,现就中医药治疗该病的研究近况综述如下。1中医对溃疡性结肠炎的认识中医古典书籍中并无慢性溃疡性结肠炎病名[2],归属于     

基于病证结合探讨动脉粥样硬化瘀毒证的模型构建与评价

动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis, AS)是心脑血管疾病的共同病理基础,建立具有中医瘀毒证候特色的动脉粥样硬化动物模型及客观规范的评价体系是现代心脑血管疾病研究的重要内容,对中医药防治心脑血管疾病基础研发及药效机制评价具有重要意义。本文通过对动脉粥样硬化瘀毒证的动物模型构建及评价进行了多方面的总结和归纳,同时分析了当前模型构建及评价存在的问题,以期为建立规范化的动物模型提供参考。     

细胞因子在动脉粥样硬化发病中的作用机制及相关治疗举措研究现状

动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性炎症性疾病,开展细胞因子相关研究为动脉粥样硬化的预防和治疗提供了重要方向。细胞因子由不同类型的细胞产生,作用于一系列靶点,在动脉粥样硬化的发病和进展过程中起关键作用。本文概述了动脉粥样硬化有关的主要促炎和抗炎细胞因子及其作用机制,归纳了现阶段有关动脉粥样硬化细胞因子的针对性治疗措施,并对细胞因子在动脉粥样硬化防治方面的研究和治疗前景进行展望。     

血尿酸对2型糖尿病动脉粥样硬化的影响

2型糖尿病患者发生大血管并发症的主要病理基础为动脉粥样硬化,且发生早、进展快、预后差、死亡率高,其引发的心脑血管疾病是糖尿病患者致死致残的主要原因之一.血尿酸是动脉粥样硬化的危险因素,与代谢综合征的多种成分,如肥胖、血脂异常、糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、胰岛素抵抗等密切相关.本文阐述2型糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化发生中血尿酸的作用机制.     

抵抗素与肥胖和2型糖尿病

抵抗素(resistin)是近年来新发现的一个由脂肪组织特异表达分泌的细胞因子,其在前脂肪细胞分化过程中抑制脂肪生成.众多的研究显示抵抗素可诱导脂肪、肝脏及肌肉组织产生胰岛素抵抗,损伤机体的糖脂代谢功能.由于胰岛素抵抗在一些其他代谢性疾病及并发症如动脉粥样硬化及高血压发病机制中也发挥重要作用,提示抵抗素有可能介入了这些疾病的发病过程.本文简要介绍抵抗素的结构、分布及表达调控,并重点分析抵抗素在胰岛素抵抗中的作用.     

慢性炎症与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究进展

动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)的发病机制非常复杂,对其研究经历了一个半世纪,直到1999年Ross提出"动脉粥样硬化是一种炎症性疾病",各种炎症细胞和炎症因子参与动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展过程。已有众多的基础和临床研究都证实炎症在AS中的重要作用,但仍需要对AS发生发展的深入研究,使我们更准确认识和有效的防治AS。本文就近年来慢性炎症与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究进展作一综述。     

过氧化亚硝酸盐导致人血管内皮细胞的内质网应激和凋亡

过氧化亚硝酸盐是一氧化氮和超氧离子产生的强氧化剂,已知是促动脉粥样硬化发生的重要因子,但对其发病机制的认识存在较大争议。最近Dickhout JG等在Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol上报道了过氧化亚硝酸盐通过激活内质网应激途径致动脉粥样硬化的新机制。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.