阿托伐他汀对兔缺血再灌注后白介素-6、P-选择素及无复流的影响

目的:评价不同剂量阿托伐他汀对兔急性心肌梗死(AMI)再灌注后白介素-6(IL-6)、P-选择素(Ps)的影响及对无复流的防治作用.方法:新西兰大白兔32只随机分为对照组、阿托伐他汀1组、阿托伐他汀2组及假手术组,每组8只.分组干预:阿托伐他汀1组予10mg.kg-1,冠脉结扎前12h喂药1次;阿托伐他汀2组予5mg.kg1.d-1,每日喂药1次,共3d.对照组、阿托伐他汀1组、阿托伐他汀2组均冠状动脉结扎240min,再灌注120min,分别建立AMI再灌注模型.各组于AMI前5 min、AMI后240min和再灌注后120min取血,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血清IL-6,免疫组织化学法观察心肌Ps的变化,最终进行心肌无复流及梗死范围的病理学分析.结果:与对照组比较,阿托伐他汀1组及2组在兔AMI再灌注后血清IL-6水平均降低(P＜0.05-0.01):阿托伐他汀1组及2组在复流区及无复流区的Ps表达均明显减弱(P＜0.01);而血清IL-6、心肌Ps在阿托伐他汀1组及2组之间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).阿托伐他汀1组及2组中,无复流范围分别为(47.01±6.89)%及(44.52±4.2))%(P＞0.05).与对照组(85.67±4.94)%相比均降低(P＜0.01)结论:炎症反应可能是AMI再灌注后无复流的发生机制之一;阿托伐他汀可有效降低血清IL-6、心肌Ps水平,具有抗炎作用,从而防治无复流的发生.     

蒙药绍沙-7味丸防治大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的作用

目的: 探讨蒙药绍沙-7味丸对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠的防治作用及机制。方法: 60只大鼠随机分成6组:假手术组、模型组、蒙药绍沙-7味丸低、中、高剂量组以及阳性药对照组,每组10只;蒙药绍沙-7味丸低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃0.4 g/kg、0.8 g/kg、1.6 g/kg蒙药绍沙-7味丸,阳性药对照组灌胃0.3 g/kg复方丹参片,假手术组和模型组灌胃2 ml/100 g蒸馏水,均连续灌胃15 d,1次/日;15 d后,模型组及治疗组大鼠开胸结扎冠状动脉30 min后,解开结扎线行再灌注120 min后关闭胸腔处理;6组大鼠术后行心电图检查后处死大鼠取心脏行HE染色、TTC染色,观察梗死面积及病理变化。ELISA法检测血清中cTnI、CK-MB、 LDH、MDA、SOD、GSH-PX及TNF-α、IL-18、IL-6、IL-1β的水平,免疫组化法检测心肌组织NF-кB水平。结果: 与假手术组相比,心肌缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠心肌梗死面积增大,同时血清中cTnI、CK-MB、 LDH、MDA、GSH-PX及TNF-α、IL-18、IL-6、IL-1β的含量明显增加(P＜0.01),SOD的含量则明显降低(P＜0.01),心脏组织中的NF-кB水平增加;与心肌缺血/再灌注损伤大鼠相较,蒙药绍沙-7味丸改善大鼠心律失常现象及病理变化,减少梗死面积;血清中cTnI、CK-MB、 LDH、MDA、GSH-PX及TNF-α、IL-18、IL-6、IL-1β的含量明显降低(P＜0.01),SOD的含量明显增加(P＜0.01),心脏组织中的NF-кB水平降低。结论: 蒙药绍沙-7味丸可有效缓解大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤,其作用与氧化应激和凋亡相关。     

Toll样受体2和4在大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤模型中的动态表达

目的:通过观察大鼠心肌组织缺血/再灌注(I/R)急性期Toll样受体2(TLR2)和4(TLR4)mRNA及蛋白质的表达,探讨TLR2和TLR4在心肌缺血/再灌注损伤中的作用。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为缺血/再灌注组(I/R组)和假手术组(sham组),建立大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注模型,按不同的再灌注时间(1、2、4、6、12、24 h和7 d)处死动物(n=42)。光镜下观察心肌组织形态改变。实时定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)定量心肌TLR2及TLR4mRNA水平。逆转录聚合酶链式反应(r-t PCR)测定心肌白介素-6(IL-6)和单核细胞趋化因子-1(MCP-1)的mRNA水平。结果:①随着再灌注时间的延长,心肌梗死面积逐渐增大,在再灌注4 h时达最大值,再灌注4 h、6 h、12 h、24 h,再灌注7 d已发生心室重塑。②在再灌注早期,sham组心肌组织形态未见明显改变,I/R组心肌结构有不同程度损伤,在复灌7 d时可见心室重塑,左室壁厚度明显变薄,大量成纤维细胞替代原有的心肌细胞。③sham组和I/R组TLR2、TLR4、MCP-1和IL-6mRNA水平均出现不同程度上调,其中TLR2和TLR4均在再灌注4 h时达高峰,随后逐渐下降,至再灌注7 d时TLR4水平再次升高。IL-6在6 h达到高峰后开始下降,到24 h时基本降至sham组水平,再灌注7 d时再次有升高趋势。MCP-1在缺血/再灌注后一直保持与sham组相当水平,在再灌注7 d时才有明显升高。结论:在心肌缺血/再灌注早期,心肌组织中TLR2和TLR4基因水平迅速上调,并促进下游炎症因子的产生造成心肌早期的损伤。在再灌注后期,TLR2和TLR4的再次升高使得炎症因子的表达再一次增加,从而影响心肌重塑,损伤心肌结构及功能。     

TLR2促进大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤中的炎症反应和氧化应激

目的:探究肾缺血再灌注损伤对Toll样受体2(Toll-like receptors 2, TLR2)信号路径的影响,以及TLR2在肾缺血灌注中的作用。方法:将21只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham)、肾缺血再灌注模型组(I/R)和T2.5处理组(T2.5)。缺血再灌注24小时后,采集心脏血和左肾组织。对肾组织进行病理学分析,采用试剂盒检测血清肌酐(Cr)和血尿素氮(BUN)水平,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和免疫印迹分析(Western blot)检测肾组织炎症和氧化应激变化。结果:与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠肾组织出现明显损伤,T2.5处理能有效改善肾组织损伤,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠血清Cr、BUN水平显著上升,而T2.5能显著抑制血清Cr、BUN升高、减轻肾损伤(P0.05)。与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠肾组织TLR2、TLR4相对表达量显著上升,T2.5能显著抑制肾组织TLR2、TLR4的升高,调节TLR信号通路(P0.05)。与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠的NF-k B表达及磷酸化水平显著上升(P0.05),T2.5能够显著下调I/R大鼠的NF-kB磷酸化水平(P0.05),对NF-kB的表达则无明显影响(P0.05)。与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠肾组织中促炎因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的浓度均显著上升(P0.05),T2.5能通过显著下调IL-6和IL-1β水平来改善I/R大鼠的炎症水平(P0.05),但对TNF-α的水平无明显影响(P0.05)。与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠的SOD活力显著下降,T2.5能显著逆转该下降趋势(P0.05);而模型组大鼠的MDA活力显著上升(P0.05),T2.5处理对I/R大鼠的MDA活力无明显影响(P0.05)。结论:TLR2在缺血再灌注损伤中促进了炎症反应和氧化应激,其机制与激活TLR信号路径,促进NF-kB磷酸化,进一步调节促炎因子的释放和抗氧化酶的活性有关。     

橄榄苦苷对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

为了探讨橄榄苦苷联合合心爽对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响及其保护作用机制,将50只健康大鼠分成假手术组、模型组、橄榄苦苷组、合心爽组、橄榄苦苷+合心爽组。经结扎冠脉左前降支制备心肌缺血再灌注大鼠模型,造模后药物处理7 d,用放射免疫法检测心肌肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素1(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素10(interleukin-10,IL-10)含量,用比色法检测心肌超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,用Western blot法检测心肌内皮素-1(ednothelin-1,ET-1)的表达。结果显示与假手术组相比,模型组心肌TNF-α、IL-1β、MDA的含量显著升高(P0.01),IL-10、SOD、CAT水平均显著降低(P0.01),心肌ET-1表达水平显著升高(P0.01)。与模型组比较,经橄榄苦苷或合心爽治疗后,心肌TNF-α、IL-1β、MDA的含量显著降低(P0.05,P0.01),IL-10、SOD、CAT水平均显著升高(P0.05,P0.01),心肌ET-1表达水平显著降低(P0.05,P0.01)。橄榄苦苷和合心爽联合治疗后心肌缺血再灌注损伤的恢复更加显著。通过本研究可以看出橄榄苦苷和合心爽对小鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与降低心肌内皮素-1表达、改善抗氧化酶活性和抑制炎症因子水平有关。     

人参茎叶皂甙对高胆固醇饮食大鼠再灌注性心律失常和脂质过氧化的影响(英文)

研究人参茎叶皂甙(GSL)对高胆固醇饮食大鼠心肌再灌注性心律失常(RPA_r)和脂质过氧化的影响。方法:将胆固醇乳剂用灌胃法饲养大鼠14d,建立高脂血症模型,各组大鼠进行心肌缺血再灌注实验,观察高脂血症和GSL对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注2h后血丙二醇(MDA),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和一氧化氮(NO)水平的影响和对再灌注性心律失常发生率的影响。结果显示:(1)用胆固醇乳剂饲养大鼠14d,成功建立高脂血症模型。同时给予GSL14d有明显降脂作用。(2)高脂血症状态下,心肌缺血再灌注2h后,血MDA升高(p<0.01),SOD降低(p<0.01)和NO(p<0.05)降低,再灌注10min内RPAr的发生率增高。(3)GSL组再灌注后2h的血MDA降低,而SOD和NO水平显著升高;使RPAr发生率大为降低,无VF发生。实验显示高脂血症加重心肌缺血再灌注损伤和提高RPAr发生率及动物死亡率,GSL可减少高脂饮食大鼠脂质过氧化和诱导体内NO生成而减轻缺血再灌注心肌损伤,降低缺血再灌注性心律失常发生率。     

瑞舒伐他汀预处理对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠自噬和凋亡的影响及机制研究

目的:探讨瑞舒伐他汀预处理对心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)大鼠自噬因子和凋亡相关基因的影响及作用机制。方法:将60只SD级大鼠纳入研究,遵循随机数字表法分成假手术组、模型组以及预处理组,每组20只。模型组以及预处理组大鼠均制备MIRI模型,假手术组按照相同的方式开胸,仅穿线不进行冠状动脉的结扎。模型制备前7d,预处理组予以瑞舒伐他汀20 mg/(kg·d)灌胃处理,假手术组以及模型组大鼠则予以生理盐水5 m L/d处理。比较三组大鼠心肌组织凋亡率、心肌梗死面积、左心室血流动力学参数、自噬因子P62、Beclin-1蛋白表达水平以及凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax、Cyt C蛋白表达水平。结果:预处理组及模型组大鼠的心肌组织凋亡率以及心肌梗死面积均高于假手术组,但预处理组低于模型组(均P<0.05)。预处理组及模型组大鼠的左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)均高于假手术组,但预处理组低于模型组(均P<0.05);预处理组及模型组大鼠的左心室内压最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)、左心室内压最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)低于假手术组,但预处理组高于模型组(均P<0.05)。预处理组及模型组大鼠的P62、Beclin-1蛋白表达水平均高于假手术组,但预处理组低于模型组(均P<0.05)。预处理组及模型组大鼠Bcl-2 m RNA表达水平低于假手术组,但预处理组高于模型组(均P<0.05);预处理组及模型组大鼠Bax m RNA表达水平及Cyt C蛋白表达水平高于假手术组,但预处理组低于模型组(均P<0.05)。结论:瑞舒伐他汀预处理可显著减轻MIRI大鼠心肌组织受损程度,其主要作用机制可能与瑞舒伐他汀有效抑制心肌细胞自噬因子表达以及调控凋亡相关基因表达有关。     

后处理对心肌缺血再灌注致脑损伤中炎症因子及GFAP的影响

目的:探讨缺血后处理对心肌缺血再灌注致脑损伤中炎症因子及胶质纤维酸性蛋白的影响。方法:24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组(n=8),假手术组(Sham)、心肌缺血/再灌注组(IR)、后处理组(IPost)。结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支30 min,复流120 min建立大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注模型。后处理组于再灌注前进行缺血后处理,再灌注10 s,缺血10 s,共3次。断头处死大鼠取脑组织,光镜下观察病理学结果,Western blot检测炎性因子IL-6、IL-8、IL-10,免疫组化法检测GFAP。结果:与Sham组相比较,IR组脑组织炎症因子IL-6,IL-8表达增加,IL-10下降(P0.01),而后处理可以降低脑组织中IL-6,IL-8的表达,增加IL-10的表达(P0.01);与Sham组相比较,IR组脑组织GFAP表达增多(P0.05),而后处理可以显著增加脑组织中GFAP的表达(P0.01)。结论:心肌缺血后处理可以减少脑组织中炎症因子的表达,增加GFAP的表达,从而起到脑保护作用。     

术前负荷剂量阿托伐他汀对STEMI急诊PCI患者的Hs-CRP、BNP水平及心功能影响

目的:研究手术前负荷剂量阿托伐他汀对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)患者的高敏C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)、血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平及心功能的影响。方法:选取我院2014年9月到2016年4月间收治的ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者96例,均行急诊经冠状动脉介入术(PCI),采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各48例。观察组患者术前口服阿托伐他汀80 mg,术后口服阿托伐他汀40 mg/d;对照组患者仅术后口服阿托伐他汀40 mg/d。比较两组患者术后灌注情况、血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、B型脑钠肽(BNP)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、肌酸磷化脢-同功脢(CK-MB)和肌钙蛋白(c Tn I)水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组的ST段回落率、TIMI血流分级(CTFC)、TIMI3级和TMP3级比例均明显高于对照组(P0.01),血清hs-CRP、BNP及MMP-9水平、血清CK-MB和c Tn I峰值及持续时间均明显低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:PCI术前给予80mg阿托伐他汀对STEMI患者的疗效显著,可提高心肌血流灌注恢复质量,抑制炎症反应,改善心室收缩功能,且安全性高。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年急性冠脉综合征患者经PCI术后血清炎症因子水平和内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年急性冠脉综合征患者经PCI(经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,percutaneous coronary intervention)术后血脂、血清炎症因子水平及血管内皮功能的影响。方法:选取2015年8月至2017年4月我院收治的老年急性冠脉综合征患者80例,依据随机数据表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组给予小剂量阿托伐他汀(20 mg/d)治疗,观察组给予大剂量阿托伐他汀(40 mg/d)治疗。比较两组治疗前后总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein,HDL-C)、超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)及内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)水平的变化。结果:治疗前,两组血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、NO及ET-1水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组血清TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α及ET-1水平与本组治疗前相比均显著性降低,且观察组治疗后血清TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α及ET-1的水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组血清HDL-C、NO水平与治疗前相比均显著性升高(P0.05),且观察组治疗后的血清HDL-C、NO水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀用于经PCI术治疗的老年ACS患者可显著减轻再灌注后的炎症反应,降低血脂水平并改善内皮功能,且大剂量阿托伐他汀的治疗效果明显优于小剂量治疗。     

Effect of atorvastatin on expression of IL-10 and TNF-α mRNA in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MI/R) is associated with an intense inflammatory reaction, which may lead to myocyte injury. Because statins protect the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury via a mechanism unrelated to cholesterol lowering, we hypothesized that the protective effect of statins was related to the expression of TNF-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA. Seventy-two rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: sham, I/R and I/R + atorvastatin. Atorvastatin (20 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) treatment was administered daily via oral gavage to rats for 2, 7 or 14 days. Ischemia was induced via a 30-min coronary occlusion. Reperfusion was allowed until 2, 7 or 14 days while atorvastatin treatment continued. We measured infarct size, hemodynamics and the plasma levels and the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-10 in the three groups. We demonstrated that the up-regulation of expression of both TNF-α mRNA and IL-10 mRNA was associated the increased plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in the ischemic and reperfused myocardium compared with that in the sham group (P < 0.01). Atorvastatin treatment prevented ischemia-reperfusion-induced up-regulation of both TNF-α and IL-10 mRNA, and improved left ventricular function (P < 0.01). Our findings suggested that atorvastatin may attenuate MI/R and better recovery of left ventricle function following ischemia and reperfusion and IL-10 was not directly likely involved in this protective mechanism.     

Atorvastatin attenuates myocardial remodeling induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rats: Partly involvement of TLR-4/MYD88 pathway

Inflammatory processes and oxidative stress are known to play a key role in the development of cardiovascular complications such as cardiac hypertrophy induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), the most characteristic pathophysiological change of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Current evidence suggests that competitive inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA coenzyme A reductase, such as atorvastatin, not only reduce blood lipids but also have anti-inflammatory and inhibit oxidative stress benefits. This study examined the protective role of atorvastatin in CIH-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Adult male wistar rats were subjected to 8 h of intermittent hypoxia/day, with/without atorvastatin for 6 weeks. Ventricular remodeling, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MYD88), inflammatory agents and radical oxygen species were determined. As a result, we found that treatment with atorvastatin markedly inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4, MYD88 and the downstream inflammatory agents and radical oxygen species. Administration of atorvastatin following CIH significantly ameliorated the myocardial injury, such as cardiac hypertrophy. In conclusion, Pre-CIH atorvastatin administration may attenuate TLR-4/MYD88 mediated inflammatory processes and oxidative stress in the injured rat myocardium, and this may be one mechanism by which atorvastatin ameliorated myocardial injury following CIH.     

Non-invasive limb ischemic pre-conditioning reduces oxidative stress and attenuates myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats

This study was to explore whether repeated non-invasive limb ischemic pre-conditioning (NLIP) can confer an equivalent cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in acute diabetic rats to the extent of conventional myocardial ischemic pre-conditioning (MIP) and whether or not the delayed protection of NLIP is mediated by reducing myocardial oxidative stress after ischemia-reperfusion. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were randomized to four groups: Sham group, the I/R group, the MIP group and the NLIP group. Compared with the I/R group, both the NLIP and MIP groups showed an amelioration of ventricular arrhythmia, reduced myocardial infarct size, increased activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese-SOD and glutathione peroxidase, increased expression of manganese-SOD mRNA and decreased xanthine oxidase activity and malondialdehyde concentration (All p < 0.05 vs I/R group). It is concluded that non-invasive limb ischemic pre-conditioning reduces oxidative stress and attenuates myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.     

Antiarrhythmic effect of atorvastatin on autoimmune myocarditis is mediated by improving myocardial repolarization

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, or statins, are known to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and prevent inflammation and oxidative stress. To explore the effects of atorvastatin on inflammatory progression and major cardiac electrophysiological changes in myocarditis, we used an animal model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). In this model, BALB/c mice were treated with atorvastatin and we evaluated the levels of inflammation markers and currents of ionic channels that contribute to the duration of action potential (APD) of ventricular myocytes. We demonstrated that atorvastatin treatment attenuated inflammatory infiltration and suppressed the increase in TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma levels in EAM mouse hearts. In the whole-cell patch-clamp experiment, ventricular cardiomyocyte APD was prolonged in EAM group, and atorvastatin blocked this change. We further found that atorvastatin attenuated the significant decrease in outward potassium currents in EAM myocytes. Our results suggested that atorvastatin may ameliorate EAM progression by reducing inflammatory cytokine level. Atorvastatin exerted the antiarrhythmic effects by selectively affecting cardiomyocyte ion channel activity and therefore improves myocardial repolarization.     

Effect of atorvastatin (Lipitor) on myocardial apoptosis and caspase-8 activation following coronary microembolization

We determined the effect of atorvastatin on myocardial apoptosis and caspase-8 activation following coronary microembolization (CME) in a rat model. For this, 50 rats were randomly and equally divided into CME; sham-operated (control); atorvastatin lavage; gastric lavage control; and caspase-8 inhibitor (CHO) groups. In CME animals, a microembolization ball was injected through the left ventricle. Sham animals were injected with normal saline (NS). Atorvastatin group received atorvastatin gastric lavage once-a-day, 1 week before surgery. Gastric lavage controls had similar lavage with NS. CHO group was i.p-injected (CHO: 10 mg/kg) 30 min before surgery. Cardiac indices in each group were determined by echocardiography 6-h postoperatively. TUNEL assay and western blot were used for myocardial apoptosis and expression of caspases-3/-8, respectively. Echocardiography data show that left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in CME group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with sham controls. Besides, left ventricular fractional shortening (FS) and cardiac output (CO) were also decreased with an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd). Atorvastatin and CHO animals had significantly improved (P < 0.05) cardiac function compared with CME group. Myocardial apoptosis and activation levels of caspases-3/-8 were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with sham; myocardial apoptosis and activation levels of caspases-3/-8 were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in atorvastatin and CHO groups compared with CME group. In conclusion, atorvastatin pretreatment suppressed post-CME myocardial apoptosis and improved cardiac function through the blockade of a myocardial death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway.     

肾缺血预处理对心脏缺血／再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨肾缺血预处理对家兔心脏缺血／再灌注（I／R）损伤的影响及意义。方法：32只大耳白家兔随机分为假手术（SO）、心脏I／R、经典缺血预处理（CIPC）及肾缺血预处理（RIPC）4组。观察各组心肌梗塞面积、左室舒缩功能、心脏超微结构及心律失常发生率的变化。结果：CIPC、RIPC组,心肌梗塞面积、再灌性心律失常发生率较I／R组明显降低,左室舒缩功能明显恢复（P＜0.01）,心脏超微结构损伤明显减轻。结论：RIPC可诱导出与CIPC类似的心脏保护效应。     

应变率成像技术评价吗啡预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤时左室功能的影响

目的:应用应变率成像技术(SRI)动态观察和评价吗啡预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤时左室长轴功能的影响。方法:建立新西兰大白兔心肌缺血再灌注模型,随机分为假手术组(SH组)、吗啡预处理组(MF组)和生理盐水预处理组(NS组)。于手术前1天及手术术后28天内不同时间点测量超声心动图常规数据及左室各壁收缩期峰值速度与应变率参数。结果:术后1天,MF组与NS组左室整体与局部心肌收缩功能较术前和SH组明显减低(P0.05),并随缺血再灌注时间的延长呈减低趋势(P0.05),且NS组减低更明显(P0.05)。结论:SRI技术能够客观、准确地评价缺血再灌注损伤心肌的局部收缩功能的变化,而吗啡预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤存在明显的弱化作用。     

In vivo hyperoxic preconditioning prevents myocardial infarction by expressing bcl-2

Preconditioning with oxidative stress has been demonstrated in vitro to stimulate the cellular adaptation to subsequent severe oxidative stress. However, it is uncertain whether this preconditioning works in vivo. In the present study, we examined in vivo the beneficial effect of oxidative preconditioning. After rats were pretreated with whole-body hyperoxygenation (100% O(2) at 3 atmosphere for 20 mins, four cycles with 20-min intermission), isolated hearts were subjected to 45-min ischemia followed by 90-min reperfusion. This hyperoxic preconditioning significantly reduced infarct size, cytochrome-c release, DNA fragmentation, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTD nick-end labeling-positive cell frequency in the left ventricle, biphasically with an early (30-min) and a delayed (48-hr) effect after the hyperoxygenation. Mechanistically, the NF-kappaB activity and Bcl-2 expression were enhanced in the hearts, and a NF-kappaB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, abolished the Bcl-2 induction as well as the infarct-limiting effect. An antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors chelerythrine and G? 6983 also blocked the preconditioning effects. These results indicate that hyperoxia induces myocardial tolerance against ischemia-reperfusion injury in association with Bcl-2 induction by NF-kappaB activation through reactive oxygen species and PKC-dependent signaling pathway.