细菌视紫红质的光电响应特性和机制

在ITO导电玻璃上制备定向细菌视紫红质 (BR)电泳沉积膜或LB膜组成光电池系统 ,在短脉冲激光照射下 ,测定其脉冲响应光电压 ;在间断光照射下 ,测定其对光强变化产生的微分响应信号。对脉冲光电响应和微分响应的机理及其关系进行理论分析和解释 ,认为脉冲响应是BR分子内部生色团快速光极化引起的电荷分离和希夫碱及其周围氨基酸去质子化和再质子化过程引起的质子定向运输产生的位移电流 ,是一个快反应过程 ,是微分响应的早期反应和基础。微分响应则是由于菌紫质的光驱动质子泵产生的连续质子流在光开和光关瞬间引起光电池系统充放电以及测量电路的耦合特性引起的 ,是一个慢变化过程     

电极介导的菌紫质干膜微分光电流响应的整流性质

在长方形光脉冲光照下,菌紫质(bacteriorhodopsin,BR)干膜组装成夹层光电池具有微分光电流响应．在氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃/BR膜/封口膜/不锈钢形成的干膜电池下可观察到整流特性,而在不锈钢/BR膜/封口膜/ITO导电玻璃形成的干膜电池下则观察不到整流特性,这说明是电极介导的整流．平衡电压测定表明：工作电极/BR膜表面与对电极/BR膜表面有不同的性质,电极的界面效应控制了BR的取向．酸与碱产生的瞬间电流极性也证实了电极整流行为的存在．这些结果将有助于了解BR膜的微分光电响应．     

pH对菌紫质分子的旋转运动和光电响应的影响

用闪光诱导瞬间二向色性方法测量了不同pH条件下的菌紫质分子在脂质囊泡中的旋转扩散运动.在人工平扳膜(BLM)系统中测量了不同pH条件下菌紫质分子的光电响应.在pH3至8.3的范围内没有明显观察到菌紫质分子在膜中旋转运动上的差别.pH低于3时,菌紫质分子旋转运动受到影响;pH高于11时,观察不到旋转扩散运动.在BLM系统中测量了pH2到pH11范围内菌紫质分子的光电响应信号,随着pH的增加,无论紫膜碎片还是单体菌紫质分子的光电响应逐渐由照光后快速正信号并快速衰减及撤光时的快速负信号并逐渐衰减变成慢的正信号.pH高于9.4时,单体菌紫质分子的光电响应信号由正变负,pH高于11时,观察不到信号.     

脉冲激光对细菌视紫红质的瞬态光电荷转移动力学研究

细菌视紫红质（ＢＲ）是一种可进行光能存储与转换的蛋白质分子,在光作用下,能极快地产生电荷分离与电光响应信号。实验采用自制的波长可调的染料激光,在μｓ－ ｍ ｓ时域内对ＢＲ的动态光电响应信号进行了研究,总结了当激发脉冲光波长改变或强度改变时光电压变化的规律,并定性地分析了ＢＲ产生上述现象的机理。     

紫膜Langmuir-Blodgett膜的光电压

八十年代生物分子电子学和生物计算机研究的兴起,嗜盐菌紫膜蛋白菌紫质由于其结构稳定,当受到光照时,能发生同素异构变化,具有光色互变和光驱动质子泵功能、双稳态特性以及皮秒到毫秒级的光电响应特性,使其成为目前国内外关注的研究生物分子电子器件的理想材料之一,应用前途是发展生物分子器件和生物芯片等。由于紫膜具有不对称性而菌紫质的光驱动质子泵具有方向性,因而必须有序组装而且可以有序组装。紫膜     

瞳孔控制系统采样特性的中枢机制

本文以双脉冲光分眼刺激（ｄｉｃｈｏｐｔｉｃ ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇ,双脉冲的第一脉冲光刺激一侧眼,第二脉冲光刺激另一侧眼）进行瞳孔采样特性研究。实验结果表明：当双脉冲之间的时间间隔较长时,瞳孔产生两次收缩反应;当时间间隔小于约０．６ｓ时,瞳孔只对第一个脉冲光刺激产生瞬态收缩,对第二个脉冲光刺激不产生反应。这不仅证实了单眼实验研究的结论：瞳孔系统不是在时间上连续进行控制,而是离散的采样控制,它对光刺     

菌紫质光生物分子器件及其超快过程

菌紫质是嗜盐菌紫膜中的一种光能转换蛋白.它具有光致色变和光驱动质子泵功能,其原初光异构化过程极其迅速,可在430fs内完成.由于菌紫质具有一系列独特的光电和光学特性,如对光强的微分响应,高的空间分辨率,高的光灵敏度,高循环次数等,使得它在光电探测,仿视觉系统,人工神经网络,非线性光学及光学信息记录和处理方面有很多重要应用.利用超短脉冲激光技术,高时间分辨光谱学技术及高速取样探测技术,对菌紫质的光循环,原初光异构化,激发态动力学,质子泵机制等方面的研究已取得了许多有意义的结果.     

外加电场对平板膜(BLM)中单体菌紫质分子bR光电响应的影响

本文研究了外加电场对单体菌紫质分子在平板膜系统中光电响应的影响.外加正电场时(外池为正,内池为负),光电响应信号变小,电场加至+52mV时,光电响应信号极性发生反转.外加负电场时,光电响应信号增大.本文提出了极性发生反转的可能模型,并对其机理进行了初步探讨.     

细菌视紫红质光学图像存储的灰阶特性研究

细菌视紫红质（Bacteriorhodopsin,BR）是一种具有优良光致变色特性的光敏蛋白分子,具有极好的抗疲劳性和高的光转换量子效率,可用于光学图像信息的获取和存储.文章讨论了BR分子膜在受到随空间位置变化的光强调制下,BR分子膜光吸收变化量的空间分布及其与存储图像灰度分布之间的关系;建立了BR灰度图像存储特性实验系统,并对BR-D96N薄膜存储的光学图像灰阶特性进行了实验研究,实验表明BR薄膜图像存储具有出色的灰度表现能力.     

在双脉冲光刺激下瞳孔系统的采样控制特性

本文用实验揭示了瞳孔对光动态反应具有采样控制特性。实验中采用各种不同时间间隔的双脉冲光,以开环的方式(Maxwellian View)刺激瞳孔,当双脉冲之间间隔较长时,瞳孔反应相当于对双脉冲光的两次脉冲分别产生瞬态收缩;当双脉冲时间间隔短于0.6s 时,其反应就成了一次瞬态收缩,与单个光脉冲所引起的瞳孔反应一样。同—受试者的多次实验结果相同,不同受试者所得结果也基本一致。故瞳孔对脉冲刺激光引起反应后,必须至少约隔0.6s 才能对另一次脉冲光产生反应,这就说明了瞳孔动态反应具有离散的采样控制特性。实验还进一步证明,瞳孔系统的控制机制是双重模式的控制:不同的刺激条件下,瞳孔反应可呈现为瞬态反应(AC)或持续反应(DC),瞬态反应的 AC 通道为离散的采样控制,持续反应的 DC 通道为连续控制。     

Characteristics and mechanisms of the two types of photoelectric differential response of bacteriorhodopsin-based photocell

Bacteriorhodopsin (BR)-based photocells have been assigned possessing differential photoelectric response. But recently we found that the differential response described before, which occurred in milliseconds to seconds, outputting a positive pulse when light was on and a negative pulse when light was off, was not the intrinsic property of the BR molecule. It was partially caused by the measuring circuit. By measuring the photoelectric response signal of the BR film photocell to a short laser pulse, the impulse response function of the BR film photocell was obtained by data fitting with MATLAB software. A simulation system was accordingly developed. The output response signals of the BR film photocell under different stepping incident light were calculated. By simulation and analysis, it was concluded that the differential response caused by the intrinsic property of the BR molecule happened in microseconds time scale, and it produced a negative pulse when light was on and a positive pulse when light was off. It was much faster but much weaker than that described before.     

铜／封口膜／酰化紫膜LB膜／氧化铟锡型菌紫质光电池的光电特性

ＲＨ５７％的ＡＰＭＬＢＦ构制的Ｃｕ／Ｐａｒａｆｉｌｍ／ＡＰＭＬＢＦ／ＩＴＯ型ＢＲ光电池具有的光电响应能力随ＡＰＭＬＢＦ暗适应程度增加而增大,光适应后趋于稳定。光电响应信号的大小随被光照的截面减小而变小;不同引线输出的信号极性与质子泵运相一致。结果认为这种光电池可用于进一步构制光电池组以模拟视网膜的某些功能。     

Alternating Perturbation Response of the Water Regulatory System in Arena Leaves

The transpiration response of excised primary Avena leaves was studied when pulse perturbations were given to the water regulatory system. Repeated light pulses given to the leaf caused regularly alternating transpiration responses, i.e. the magnitude alternated regularly between a high and a low value. This effect, denoted alternating pulse response, could be recorded under quite different light pulse conditions but was not found when the pulse interval was too long or too short (longer than about 60 min. shorter than about 15 min). Sodium chloride given to the transpiration stream induced and increased the effect. Alternating pulse response could also be recorded when mannitol pulses were given to the root system of intact plants.     

Personal Light Dosimetry in Permanent Night and Day Workers

Light exposure was measured in six day and six night watches (working 12-hour shifts five days in a row) during 48 h on work days and 48 h on days off using a photocell with a sensitivity corresponding to photopic vision. The photocell was mounted on a frame of spectacles, thus measuring in viewing direction. Light exposure was low both in night and day watches; however, in night watches exposures were significantly lower: On work days, night watches spent a mean of 13 min above 1,500 lx, day watches 52 min; on days off, night watches spent 3 min above 1,500 lx but day watches 89 min. Unexpectedly, night watches had no higher exposure during days off. We suspect that this is due to a light avoidance tendency in permanent night workers. High negative correlations between the acrophases of subjective state (e.g., alertness and mood) and light exposure in night watches indicate that bright light would probably increase desynchroniza-tion between subjective state, sleep, and activity.