汉族和藏族的皮肤反射系数分析

人类的肤色是在遗传和环境因素的共同作用下形成的。最近在人类复杂性状基因定位中,统计学和遗传学研究方法的发展,使得肤色相关基因有可能利用这些方法来甄别。而且,有了Photovolt ColorWalk色度计等便携的新式光谱反射系数测量工具,研究者可以方便准确地测量大量人群的皮肤反射系数作为遗传学研究用的人类表型性状。我们衣物Photovolt ColorWark测试了372人的一个汉族群体和274人的一个藏族群体的上臂内侧不受阳光照射的皮肤反射系数,以建立反射系数测量的基准数据。我们调查了年龄、性别、居住地纬度、种族等不同因素对皮肤反射系数的影响,也调查了皮肤反射系数的正态分布。在这些研究结果的基础上我们设计了皮肤反射系数遗传学研究的策略。     

盐胁迫对三角叶滨藜根选择透性和反射系数的影响

以Hoagland溶液培养的三角叶滨藜幼苗为材料,分别采用电导率法、原子吸收分光光度计法和压力室法测定了不同浓度盐胁迫下三角叶滨藜根的质膜透性、离子吸收和根系反射系数,分析其抗盐特点和机制.结果表明:随着盐胁迫强度的增加,三角叶滨藜根细胞质膜透性增大、根系反射系数减小;盐胁迫导致三角叶滨藜根系对K+的总吸收量减少、对Na+的总吸收量增多,但对Na+的相对吸收量减少、对K+的相对吸收量增加.盐胁迫条件下,三角叶滨藜根系对离子吸收有较强的调节能力;而根系反射系数的减小有利于根系用较小的负压力吸收水分,减小木质部空化的危险.说明三角叶滨藜具有较高的抗盐能力.     

桂林上泥盆统的串管海绵

串管海绵的Amblysiphonella属在桂林地区融县组的发现,填补该属在晚泥盆世地质历程中的空白。在此之前,国内、外已出版地质文献中未记载该属在泥盆系发现的种。     

草场资源综合评价的数学模型

本文在前人评价我国草场资源工作的基础上,对草场资源评定因素进行了筛选与合理组合,编排了各评定因素的多层次评判顺序,组建了综合评价草场资源的模糊数学模型。首次在我国应用数学模型对草场资源进行了综合评价。为验证该数学模型的灵敏程度,作者列举了我国北方四个草场类型,作了具体计算。结果表明,数学模型本身具有较高的灵敏度,可以应用于评价我国北方天然草场资源。     

利用回归模型筛选出近天然的抗原-抗体对接模拟结构

在抗原-抗体分子对接模拟所生成的大量计算生成构象中筛选出近天然结构,即接近真实情况的抗原-抗体结合模式。借鉴QSAR原理,定义抗原-抗体接触面描述符并利用Discovery Studio 4.5软件平台计算出各对接模拟构象的接触面描述符和能量参数。构造训练集数据进行回归分析,建立预测对接模拟构象是否是近天然结构的数学模型。通过测试集和实际应用情况检验该数学模型。通过回归分析所建立的数学模型能够在成百上千的抗原-抗体对接模拟构象中有效筛选出其中的近天然结构,在测试集验证和4G7抗体结合模式预测应用中具有良好的表现,验证了该数学模型的有效性和实用性。经验性的抗原-抗体接触面特征如氢键密度、氨基酸对偏好性指数等以及能量参数能够共同有效表征近天然结构,所建立的数学模型有效增强了通过分子对接预测抗原-抗体结合模式的可行性。     

偏振干涉角度调制SPR传感技术研究及应用进展

针对一种新兴生物检测方法——表面等离子体波共振(SPR)技术,文中SPR传感系统采用偏振干涉和角度调制方案,使SPR传感灵敏度与光复反射系数的模和相位都相关,从而实现较大线形范围内的高灵敏测量。同时开展了该SPR传感系统在环保领域的应用研究,SPR共振信号可实时随甲烷含量线性改变,气体检测灵敏度达到1 070ppm,实验结果验证了这种SPR传感技术的检测性能并显示了其在环保监测领域的应用潜力。     

氧限制下粗糙脉孢菌乙醇发酵的数学模型及过程模拟

粗糙脉孢菌(Mzcrospora crassan)具有直接转化植物纤维性物质生产乙醇的能力。研究了不同氧限制条件对粗糙脉孢菌发酵葡萄糖生产乙醇的影响,构建了该过程的数学模型,并利用数学模型进行了模拟和预测研究。结果表明,数学模型能够很好地预测氧限制条件下乙醇的发酵过程,即使微量氧对乙醇发酵也有较大的负面影响。     

论元古宙有机壁微体化石Tappania的生物与地质意义*

有机壁微体化石Tappania,最初发现和描述自我国山西永济地区约17—14亿年前古老的古元古代晚期—中元古代早期汝阳群北大尖组。随后,该形态属标本相继从印度、澳大利亚、西伯利亚、美洲等地的同期地层被发现和报道。无疑,它成为该地质时期生物地层对比的重要微体化石证据。由于它是自前寒武纪早期微体化石记录以来,被认定为最初具有动态细胞支架和膜系统的复杂有机壁真核微体化石,它成为干群真核生物在该古老地质时期演化趋异的见证。本文旨在认识Tappania的形态特征及其生物亲缘,并探讨它的生活、繁衍生态环境和地质背景。结合已知古地理和地球化学研究资料,可推测Tappania的出现与该地质时期的重大地质事件相关联。在古元古代晚期至新元古代早期的海水盆地中,尽管占主导地位的仍然是蓝菌和单细胞藻类,但是,具有渗析营养功能的多细胞真核生物在适宜生态环境已繁衍。     

2023年地质微生物学专题序言北大核心

自2017年开始策划“地质微生物学专刊”以来,《微生物学报》已成功出版了5期,分别是2018年第4期、2019年第6期、2020年第6期、2021年第6期、2022年第6期。共发表文章105篇,得到了地质微生物学领域学者的关注和好评。为了更加系统地介绍该领域国内外的最新研究成果,并进一步扩大地质微生物学的影响、促进地质微生物学研究的发展,我们特别组织了本期“地质微生物学”专题。     

医用数学模型的格式化与显示

本文介绍医用数学模型格式化的方法,为了显示模型连续解的图象和计算机处理过程,文中提供了一些典型的格式化模型.采用数学推理手段将数学模型变换为可被模拟电路及数字电路所接受的模式,就成了格式化模型．实验结果表明,该方法是行之有效的．     

Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilms: Steady state

Aerobic glucose metabolism by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in steady-state biofilms at various substrate loading rates and reactor dilution rates was investigated. Variables monitored were substrate (glucose), biofilm cellular density, biofilm extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) density, and suspended cellular and EPS concentrations. A mathematical model developed to describe the system was compared to experimental data. Intrinsic yield and rate coefficients included in the model were obtained from suspended continuous culture studies of glucose metabolism by P. aeruginosa. Experimental data compared well with the mathematical model, suggesting that P. aeruginosa does not behave differently in steady-state biofilm cultures, where diffusional resistance is negligible, than in suspended cultures. This implies that kinetic and stoichiometric coefficients for P. aeruginosa derived in suspended continuous culture can be used to describe steady-state biofilm processes.     

不同土壤类型蔗区甘蔗三高施肥优化研究

采用二次正交旋转组合设计 ,在砖红壤旱地蔗区和冲积土水田蔗区进行施肥优化试验 ,通过建立数学模型、模拟和寻优 ,初步建立了各类蔗区的优化施肥方案 .根据模型回归系数、单项性状指标的施肥方案和综合性状指标的优化施肥方案 ,对肥料三要素及其施用水平对蔗茎产量、蔗茎蔗糖分和净产值的影响进行了比较分析 .     

A mathematical model of the regulation system of the secretion of glucocorticoids

We propose a mathematical model for the regulation system of the secretion of glucocorticoids and determined the coefficients in the system of ordinary differential equations. Some results are calculated which agree with the experimental results.     

Parametric sensitivity in modeling of anaerobic digestion

Summary A mathematical model for the anaerobic digestion process was analyzed by the parametric sensitivity method to determine the influence of individual model parameters on the selected output variables. The relative parametric sensitivity value indicated the most influential parameters in the process being yield coefficients and rate constants.     

The Routine Fitting of Kinetic Data to Models: A Mathematical Formalism for Digital Computers

A mathematical formalism is presented for use with digital computers to permit the routine fitting of data to physical and mathematical models. Given a set of data, the mathematical equations describing a model, initial conditions for an experiment, and initial estimates for the values of model parameters, the computer program automatically proceeds to obtain a least squares fit of the data by an iterative adjustment of the values of the parameters. When the experimental measures are linear combinations of functions, the linear coefficients for a least squares fit may also be calculated. The values of both the parameters of the model and the coefficients for the sum of functions may be unknown independent variables, unknown dependent variables, or known constants. In the case of dependence, only linear dependencies are provided for in routine use. The computer program includes a number of subroutines, each one of which performs a special task. This permits flexibility in choosing various types of solutions and procedures. One subroutine, for example, handles linear differential equations, another, special non-linear functions, etc. The use of analytic or numerical solutions of equations is possible.     

A model for the prediction of partition coefficients in aqueous two-phase systems.

A mathematical model has been developed to predict partition coefficients for aqueous two-phase systems. The model is based on a previously-developed equation for partitioning which arises from an osmotic pressure viral expansion. The model suggests that the properties of importance are the concentration difference of one of the phase-forming components, such as a polymer, and the hydrophobicity of the solute relative to the hydrophobic-hydrophilic difference between the two phases. Several two-phase systems have been studied, with a particular emphasis on the poly(ethylene glycol)/magnesium sulfate system. Numerous solutes, including peptides, were used in this system and their partition coefficients show good agreement with the model.     

三维支架材料中软骨细胞生长过程的数值模拟

组织工程是临床上用于修复以及重建受损软骨的一项有广泛应用前景的方法。但是在支架材料内部物质传递仅仅依赖于扩散,这是支架材料中细胞生长的主要限制因素。利用氧扩散-反应基本原理建立了软骨细胞生长过程的数学模型,同时考虑了由于细胞生长引起的扩散系数下降以及空间抑制因素对细胞生长的影响。模拟结果与实验数据吻合良好,表明该模型对材料内部的细胞生长的分析具有较高的可靠性,可用于组织工程生物反应器以及三维多孔支架材料的优化设计。     

三维支架材料中软骨细胞生长过程的数值模拟

组织工程是临床上用于修复以及重建受损软骨的一项有广泛应用前景的方法。但是在支架材料内部物质传递仅仅依赖于扩散,这是支架材料中细胞生长的主要限制因素。利用氧扩散-反应基本原理建立了软骨细胞生长过程的数学模型,同时考虑了由于细胞生长引起的扩散系数下降以及空间抑制因素对细胞生长的影响。模拟结果与实验数据吻合良好,表明该模型对材料内部的细胞生长的分析具有较高的可靠性,可用于组织工程生物反应器以及三维多孔支架材料的优化设计。     

Multi-compartmental modelling and experimental design for glucose transport studies in insulin-resistant rats

Many pathologies are associated with abnormalities of glucose metabolism or with perturbations of its transport (type 2 diabetes or insulin-resistance). The pre-diabetic state is characterised by a state of insulin-resistance, in others words a defect of glucose transport in insulin-sensible tissues, such as muscles and adipose tissues. The mathematical modelling of experimental data can be an excellent method to explore the mechanisms implied in the studied biological phenomenon. Thus, starting from a symbolic formulation like the compartmental modelling, it can be possible to develop a theoretical basis for the observation and to consider the best-adapted experiments for the study. We showed with mathematical models that [123I]-6-deoxy-6-iodo-D-glucose (6-DIG), shown as a tracer of glucose transport in vitro, could point out this transport abnormality. To quantify the insulin resistance, we estimated the fractional transfer coefficients of 6-DIG from the blood to the organs. We realised many studies to lead to a satisfying model; special attention has been paid to the precision of the parameter to select the best model. The results showed that by associating experimental data obtained with 6-DIG activities and an adapted mathematical model, discriminating parameters (in and out fractional transfer coefficients) between the two groups (control and insulin-resistant rats) could be pointed out.     

Dynamics of the head-neck complex in response to the trunk horizontal vibration: modeling and identification

Although many studies exist concerning the influence of seat vibration on the head in the seated human body, the dynamic response of the head-neck complex (HNC) to the trunk vibration has not been well investigated. Little quantitative knowledge exists about viscoelastic parameters of the neck. In this study, the dynamics of the HNC is identified when it is exposed to the trunk horizontal (fore-and-aft) vibration. The frequency response functions between the HNC angular velocity and the trunk horizontal acceleration, corresponding to four volunteers, are obtained in the frequency range of 0.5 Hz to 10 Hz. A fourth-order mathematical model, derived by considering a double-inverted-pendulum model for the HNC, is designed to simulate the dynamic response of the HNC to the trunk horizontal vibration. The frequency domain identification method is used to determine the coefficients of the mathematical model of the HNC. Good agreement has been obtained between experimental and simulation results. This indicates that the system, similar to the designed fourth-order model, has mainly two resonance frequencies. The viscoelastic parameters of the neck, including the spring and damping coefficients, are then obtained by use of the optimization method.