A new octocoral genus (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Antarctic waters

Sphaeralcyon weddellensis gen. nov. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated from three colonies collected in the eastern Weddell Sea on the Polarstern cruises ANT V/3 and ANT VI/3. The new genus is compared with three closely related alcyoniid genera, all having capitate or mushroom-shaped colonies and dimorphic polyps. Sphaeralcyon is readily distinguishable from Malacacanthus by the presence of sclerites (absent in the latter genus), and from Anthomastus by sclerite shape, mainly in the form of tuberculate spheroids, and by the horny periderm on the stalk (absent in Anthomastus). Sphaeralcyon also differs from Verseveldtia in the set of sclerites, which are elongate spiny rods and a different type of tuberculate spheroid, and in the presence of eight-points as anthocodial armature (absent in Verseveldtia). The discovery of this new genus lends further support to the notion that diversity in benthic communities in Antarctica is higher than suggested by previous studies. Accepted: 6 December 1999     

A new Antarctic association: the case of the hydroid Sarsia medelae (new sp.) associated with gorgonians

Sarsia medelae sp. nov. is described and illustrated from material collected in the Weddell Sea during the R/V Polarstern cruises ANT XVII/3 (April 2000) and in the Ross Sea during the R/V Italica cruise XIX (March 2004). The specimens have always been observed in association with several gorgonians of genera Thouarella sp., Primnoisis sp., and Notisis sp. The polyps of Sarsia medelae are considered as mesobiont of the gorgonian host with a non-parasitic relationship. It is the first time that this kind of association, which is so far only known from the Indian and Pacific Ocean, is reported in the Southern Ocean. This finding is discussed in the framework of the hypothesis that a part of Antarctic fauna has its origin in species dating back to before the Cretaceous period, because this kind of association between a hydroid and a gorgonian host being only known in the actual Antarctic shelf and in regions belonging to the previous Thethys areas.An erratum to this article can be found at     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Stephanthus antarcticus,</Emphasis> a new genus and species of sea anemone (Actiniaria,Haloclavidae) from the South Shetland Islands,Antarctica

Stephanthus antarcticus gen. nov. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated from six specimens collected in the Antarctic Peninsula on the Polarstern cruises ANT XV/3 and ANT XIX/3. The new genus is characterised by the absence of sphincter and basilar musculature, the presence of a single strong siphonoglyph with a basal enlargement, distinct parietobasilar musculature, tentacles without acrospheres, two cycles of six pairs of mesenteries (only one of them perfect), and a deep fosse with parapet; another remarkable feature is the absence of microbasic p-mastigophores. The new genus shows characteristics of three families of soft-bottom-dwelling sea anemones, namely Haloclavidae Verrill, 1899, Halcampoididae Appellöf, 1896, and Andresiidae Stephenson, 1922. The generic characters of Stephanthus gen. nov. are discussed and it is tentatively placed in the family Haloclavidae.     

New species of Metepsilonema (Nemata,Epsilonematidae) from the Channel and the Mediterranean Sea with a polytomous key for the identification of species of the genus

Four new species of Metepsilonema are described from sublittoral stations from the Channel and are mainly characterized: M. volutum sp.nov. by the large body size for the genus up to 460 m, 118–121 well overlapping annuli and wide multispiral amphids; M. amphidoxum sp.nov. by 127–133 shortly overlapping annuli and sexual dimorphism in amphid size; M. comptum sp.nov. by 133–140 non-overlapping annuli, anteriormost annuli provided with a wide lumen and borders ornamented with ridges and M. corrugatum sp.nov. by 108–111 overlapping annuli provided with ridges). Additional information is provided for M. callosum together with a discussion on intraspecific variability. A new species of Metepsilonema spec. based on females only, is described but remain unnamed. M. comptum sp.nov. and M. corrugatum sp.nov. are also occurring in the Mediterranean Sea. A polytomous key to species level is presented.     

中国小叶蝉属栎小叶蝉种团及三新种记述（半翅目：叶蝉科：小叶蝉亚科）

对中国小叶蝉属栎小叶蝉种团研究进行了追溯。记述栎小叶蝉种团3新种:周氏小叶蝉T.choui sp.nov.,大理小叶蝉T.daliensis sp.nov.,三斑小叶蝉T.trimaculata sp.nov.及1中国新记录种:栎小叶蝉T.quercus(Fabricius,1777),并提供中国栎小叶蝉种团雄虫检索表。模式标本及观察标本存放于西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。     

NEW CALCAREOUS DINOFLAGELLATES (CALCIODINELLOIDEAE) FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA1

Investigations on calcareous dinoflagellates from surface sediments from the Mediterranean Sea revealed 14 species, including one new genus and four previously undescribed species: Calciodinellum levantinum sp. nov., Calciodinellum elongatum nov. comb., Lebessphaera urania gen. nov. et sp. nov., and Scripp‐ siella triquetracapitata sp. nov. Furthermore, Fuettererella cf. tesserula, so far only known from the fossil record, was found. The cyst–theca relationships of C. levantinum and C. elongatum are given, based on strains established from water samples of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. This study gives an insight into the importance of the modern Mediterranean Sea as an unique region concerning calcareous cyst producing dinoflagellates.     

Morphology and molecules reveal two new species of Porites (Scleractinia,Poritidae) from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden

Two new reef coral species, Porites farasani sp. nov. and Porites hadramauti sp. nov. (Scleractinia, Poritidae), are described from the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Porites farasani sp. nov. only occurs in the Farasan Islands in the southern Red Sea, while P. hadramauti sp. nov. has been collected in the Yemen Hadramaut region in the Gulf of Aden. Both species presented striking in situ differences with respect to other Porites species, and were characterized by small encrusting colonies and unusual polyp colouration. In order to test the genetic distinctiveness of P. farasani sp. nov. and P. hadramauti sp. nov. between each other and with respect to other representatives in the genus Porites, we investigated their evolutionary relationships with eight other morphological species of Porites occurring in the Red Sea and in the Gulf of Aden. Two DNA loci, the mitochondrial putative control region and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region, were sequenced, and three species delimitation approaches based on barcoding threshold (Automated Barcoding Gap Discovery) and coalescence theory (Poisson-Tree process, Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent) were applied. Phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses were overall concordant, resolving P. farasani sp. nov. and P. hadramauti sp. nov. as two divergent but closely related lineages. Of the other morphologically defined Porites species, three were genetically differentiated (P. rus, P. columnaris and P. fontanesii), but five were genetically indistinguishable. The discovery of two regional endemics confirms the importance of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden as regions of high biodiversity and suggests the need for an integration of genome-wide molecular data with the re-evaluation of skeletal structures in the systematics of Porites.     

The question of cosmopolitanism in the deep-sea ostracod fauna: the example of the genus Pedicythere

Deep-sea Pedicythere species which had been earlier considered as pan-abyssal in distribution are shown to be composite species including similar, but separate species in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans. Morphology and distribution of Pedicythere are analysed. A key to well-described Cenozoic species and forms in open nomenclature which are referred to Pedicythere is presented, together with an annotated checklist of species. Five new species of Pedicythere are described from the South China Sea: P. hirundo sp. nov., P. gibbera sp. nov., P. dentata sp. nov., P. arator sp. nov. and P. nivea sp. nov.     

中国贵州长腹寄蝇属三新种记述（双翅目：寄蝇科）

记述采自贵州地区的长腹寄蝇属Dolichocoxys Townsend 3个新种:黄基长腹寄蝇D. flavibasis sp. nov.、黑腹长腹寄蝇D. obscurus sp. nov.和短柄长腹寄蝇D. brevis sp. nov.。文中附所有新种的详细描述、鉴别特征图、近缘关系的讨论及中国长腹寄蝇属分种检索表。新种的模式标本保存于贵州省安顺市疾病预防控制中心医学昆虫研究室。     

Linocarpon angustatum sp. nov., andNeolinocarpon nypicola sp. nov. from petioles ofNypa fruticans, and a list of fungi from aerial parts of this host

Two new ascomycetes,Linocarpon angustatum sp. nov. andNeolinocarpon nypicola sp. nov., are described from petioles ofNypa fruticans in Malaysia.Linocarpon angustatum differs from species in the genus in having needle-shaped ascospores.Neolinocarpon nypicola differs from species in the genus in having filiform ascospores which gradually taper towards the ends, and ascomata developing within well developed stromata. These new species are compared with existing species and illustrated with interference light micrographs. The fungi known from aerial parts ofNypa fruticans are listed.     

中国广颖蜡蝉属一新种记述（半翅目：蜡蝉总科：颖蜡蝉科）

记述颖蜡蝉科Achilidae广颖蜡蝉属Catonidia 1新种:周氏广颖蜡蝉C. choui sp. nov.,给出了该属物种的名录及分类检索表。模式标本存放于贵州大学昆虫研究所。     

中国滑菌蚊属四新种记述（双翅目：菌蚊科）

记述中国滑菌蚊属4新种:浅黄滑菌蚊Leia bubaline sp.nov.,密毛滑菌蚊Leia densisetosa sp.nov.,黑龙江滑菌蚊Leia heilongjiangensis sp.nov.,和粗角滑菌蚊Leia robusticornis sp.nov.。编制了该属中国种类检索表。模式标本保存于浙江农林大学昆虫标本室。     

New species and a new combination in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hyphopichia</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Yarrowia</Emphasis> yeast clades

Three new species of Candida and a new combination in the genus Hyphopichia are proposed from phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide divergence in domains D1/D2 of the large subunit (26S) rDNA. The new taxa and their type strains are the following: Candida bentonensis sp. nov. (NRRL YB-2364, CBS 9994), Candida hispaniensis sp. nov. (NRRL Y-5580, CBS 9996), Candida pseudorhagii sp. nov. (NRRL YB-2076, CBS 9998) and Hyphopichia heimii comb. nov. (NRRL Y-7502, CBS 6139), basionym Pichia heimii Pignal. Phylogenetic analysis placed C. pseudorhagii and H. heimii in the Hyphopichia clade whereas C. bentonensis and C. hispaniensis are members of the Yarrowia clade.     

Bullera begoniae sp. nov. and Bullera setariae sp. nov., two new species of ballistoconidium-forming yeasts in the Bullera variabilis (Bulleribasidium) cluster isolated from plants in Taiwan

Two strains of xylose-containing and Q-10-having ballistoconidiogenous yeasts isolated from plant leaves collected in Taiwan were found to represent two new species of the genus Bullera. In the phylogenetic trees based on the sequence analysis of 18S rDNA and D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA, these species are located in the Bullera variabilis (Bulleribasidum) cluster in Hymenomycetes. They are described as Bullera begoniae sp. nov. and Bullera setariae sp. nov., respectively.     

Eight new species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycena</Emphasis> from central Honshu,Japan

Eight new species of the genus Mycena (Agaricales) found on dead leaves or twigs in warm temperate lowland forests are described and illustrated from central Honshu, Japan: (1) Mycena fonticola sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); (2) Mycena intersecta sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); (3) Mycena lanuginosa sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); (4) Mycena mustea sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); (5) Mycena multiplicata sp. nov. (section Mycena); (6) Mycena nidificata sp. nov. (section Hiemales); (7) Mycena fuscoaurantiaca sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes); and (8) Mycena clariviolacea sp. nov. (section Fragilipedes).     

Notes on the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Inocybe</Emphasis> of Japan: II

Three species of the genus Inocybe are reported as new species or a new record from Japan. Inocybe ovoidea sp. nov. and Inocybe furcata sp. nov. are described from Hokkaido. The distribution of caulocystidia in the former is noted. Inocybe oblectabilis is redescribed based on specimens collected in Honshu. This is the first record of I. oblectabilis for Japan.