盐酸多柔比星脂质体注射液与葡萄糖和氯化钠注射液的配伍稳定性研究

目的:研究探讨盐酸多柔星脂质体注射液与葡萄糖和氯化钠注射液配伍的稳定性。方法:将盐酸多柔星脂质体注射液分别和5%的葡萄糖注射液、0.9%氯化钠注射液进行配伍。观察缓和溶液外观、PH值以及脂质体粒径、包封率等相关情况。结果:观察发现,在盐酸多柔星脂质体注射液与0.9%氯化钠注射液配伍后,一定时间内混合溶液的外观、PH值脂质粒径并无明显的变化,但是包封率会下降5%;而盐酸多柔星脂质体注射液与5%葡萄糖住着也配伍后,一定时间内混合溶液的外观、PH值、脂质粒径以及包封率等并无明显的变化。结论:在临床用药中,盐酸多柔星脂质体注射液不应与0.9%氯化钠注射液配伍,与5%葡萄糖注射液配伍具有良好的稳定性,不会对药效的发挥产生影响。     

培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗晚期尿路上皮癌的疗效与安全性研究

目的:评估培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗晚期尿路上皮癌的有效性和安全性。方法:纳入在我院泌尿科治疗的65例晚期上皮癌患者。每隔3周为患者注射培美曲塞500 mg·m-2,顺铂70 mg·m-2。试验主要终点为客观缓解率(ORR),次要终点为无疾病进展期(PFS)、总生存期(OS)和毒性。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率。结果:患者客观响应率为65.4%(95%CI:50.3%-78.1%),42例患者有部分缓解,11例患者疾病稳定。PFS和OS分别为7.1(95%CI:6.3-8.7)个月与15.5个月(95%CI:11.5-19.5)个月。29.2%的患者出现3级或4级嗜中性白血球减少症,无发热性中性粒细胞减少情况出现。结论:培美曲塞联合顺铂用于晚期尿路上皮癌一线治疗十分有效,且耐受性良好。     

GEMOX栓塞化疗联合三维适形放疗治疗局部晚期原发性肝癌临床研究

目的:比较GEMOX方案(吉西他滨、奥沙利铂)与FAM方案(氟尿嘧啶、阿霉素、丝裂霉素)肝动脉化疗栓塞TACE联合三维适形放疗(3DCRT)治疗局部晚期原发性肝癌的疗效和不良反应。方法:经病理或影像学明确诊断的138例晚期原发性肝癌患者随机分为:研究组70例,采用GEMOX方案(吉西他滨0.8-1.0 g/m~2、奥沙利铂85-100 mg/m~2加入超液化碘油10~30 mL)TACE治疗,每月1次,连用2-3次,经TACE治疗后3-4周行3DCRT,总剂量DT48~60Gy,每次4~5Gy,隔天1次,每周3次,连续4周;对照组68例,采用FAM方案(5-氟尿嘧啶500-1000 mg注入靶动脉,然后将阿霉素50 mg/m~2,丝裂霉素12 mg/m~2与超液化碘油10-30 mL充分混合后缓慢注入,再用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞靶动脉)TACE治疗,每月1次,连用2-3次;经TACE治疗后3-4周行3DCRT,方案同研究组。结果:治疗中研究组2例、对照组1例患者于3DCRT后3-4个月死亡,未进行即期疗效评价。研究组68例患者中CR3例(4.4%),PR 48例(70.6%),SD10例(14.7%),PD7例(10.3%),总有效率(CR+PR)为75.0%(51/67);对照组67例患者中CR1例(1.5%),PR36例(53.7%),SD13例(19.4%),PD17例(25.4%),总有效率(CR+PR)为55.2%(37/67);总有效率研究组明显优于对照组,两组比较有显著统计学意义(X~2=20.973,P0.001)。总生存时间中位数研究组14.0月(95%CI 11.5~16.5)优于对照组的11.0月(95%CI 9.7~12.3),两组比较有显著统计学意义(X~2=6.093,P=0.014);无进展生存时间中位数研究组7.0月(95%CI,5.6~8.3),对照组6.0月(95%CI 5.1~6.8),两组比较有显著统计学意义(X~2=5.460,P=0.019)。1、2、3年生存率研究组分别为63.4%、39.7%、23.5%,明显高于对照组的46.3%、23.9%、10.5%;两组比较有显著统计学意义(P0.05)。两组常见的不良反应主要表现为白细胞减少、血小板减少、贫血、恶心、呕吐和发热等,患者均可耐受。结论:TACE联合3DCRT治疗晚期原发性肝癌疗效GEMOX方案明显优于FAM方案,不良反应可相当,有待进一步研究。     

肽-半乳糖苷-阿霉素脂质体在肝细胞癌靶向治疗中作用

目的:获得一种对肝细胞癌具有特异靶向的药物传递系统载体-聚乙二醇修饰的MMP-2底物肽-半乳糖苷-阿霉素脂质体(PEG-PD-Gal-ADM-liposomes),为临床肝癌的靶向治疗提供实验依据.方法:将二棕榈磷脂酰基乙醇胺(DOPE)与聚乙二醇化的MMP-2底物肽连接(Gly-Pro-Lcu-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gin),即获得可被MMP-2切割的聚乙二醇-底物肽-DOPE,再与半乳糖苷脂质体(Gal-liposomes)、阿霉素(ADM)耦合,最终获得聚乙二醇修饰的MMP-2底物肽-半乳糖苷-阿霉素脂质体(PEG-PD-Gal-ADM-liposomes),体外观察其对人肝癌细胞株HepG2的效应.结果:MTT法显示PEG-PD-Gal-ADM脂质体对人肝癌细胞株HepG2的毒性作用弱于半乳糖苷-阿霉素脂质体(PEG-Gai-ADM)的作用(P＜0.05),对人结肠癌细胞株SW480的毒性作用二者之间无显著差异;用MMP-2(5μg/ml)预处理后,PEG-PD-GaI-ADM脂质体对人肝癌细胞株HepG2的毒性作用与Gal-ADM脂质体的作用相近,无显著差异(P＞0.05);加入过量的半乳糖封闭半乳糖受体后,二者的毒性作用均有下降,无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:PEG-PD-Gal-ADM脂质体是一种新型的HCC特异靶向治疗药物传递载体,可能是将来HCC靶向治疗的重要手段.     

盐酸米托蒽醌聚乙二醇化脂质体的制备及包封率考察

目的:制备盐酸米托蒽醌聚乙二醇化(PEG化)脂质体,建立包封率测定方法.方法:采用乙醇注入结合高压均质法制备空白PEG化脂质体;以铵根离子梯度法进行主动载药制备盐酸米托蒽醌PEG化脂质体;采用G-25葡聚糖凝胶色谱分离脂质体和游离药物;使用紫外-可见分光光度法测定脂质体的包封率.结果:空白脂质体平均粒径为88.7nm,载药后粒径为95.3nm;在所建立色谱条件下,脂质体与游离米托蒽醌分离良好;盐酸米托蒽醌在0.5～10μg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好(R 2=0.9997),精密度高;脂质体的平均包封率大于96％.结论:乙醇注入-高压均质法结合铵根离子主动载药法适用于制备盐酸米托蒽醌PEG化脂质体;所建立分析方法简单快捷、准确可靠,可用于盐酸米托蒽醌长循环脂质体包封率的测定.     

松果菊苷对多柔比星心脏毒性保护作用及机制研究

目的:观察松果菊苷(ECH)能否减轻多柔比星(DOX)心脏毒性并初步阐明其作用机制。方法:通过单次腹腔注射大剂量多柔比星(15 mg/kg)建立急性心脏毒性小鼠模型,DOX处理后每日通过腹腔注射ECH(50 mg/kg/day)。实验分组如下:正常组(Control组);单纯松果菊苷处理组(ECH组);多柔比星处理组(DOX组);多柔比星+松果菊苷处理组(DOX+ECH组)。给药5天后检测左心室功能、心肌组织病理改变、氧化应激和心肌凋亡情况。结果:与Control组相比,DOX组小鼠心脏收缩和舒张功能明显减弱,心肌细胞出现空泡变性,心肌MDA含量、凋亡率以及促凋亡蛋白Bax和cleaved Caspase-3表达明显增加,而抑制凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达量、SOD与GSH-Px活性明显下降。与DOX组相比,松果菊苷能明显改善心脏功能,缓解心肌空泡变性,降低MDA含量、凋亡率以及Bax和cleaved Caspase-3表达量,而提高Bcl-2表达量、SOD与GSH-Px活性(均P 0.05)。结论:松果菊苷可以通过抑制心肌组织氧化应激损伤和凋亡缓解多柔比星诱导的急性心脏毒性。     

跑台干预对多柔比星抗肿瘤效果和心毒性的影响

本研究旨在探讨利用多柔比星进行抗肿瘤治疗前先行跑台干预,对多柔比星抗肿瘤效果及其诱发的心毒性可能造成的影响。本研究采用50只12周龄的C57BL/6小鼠为实验对象,随机分为C组(对照组,n=10)、SNTD组(不运动+无肿瘤+多柔比星组, n=10)、STS组(不运动+肿瘤+安慰剂, n=10)、STD组(不运动+肿瘤+多柔比星组, n=10)、ETD组(运动+肿瘤+多柔比星组, n=10),进行2周的不同方案干预后,在STS组、STD组、ETD组大鼠注射黑色素肿瘤细胞,C组、ETD组注射等量的生理盐水。注射后3周,在SNTD组、STD组、ETD组小鼠的腹腔注射12 mg/kg的多柔比星,C组和STS组注射等量生理盐水。注射结束10 d后,进行心脏形态功能和肿瘤体积检查,利用SPSS进行统计分析。本研究认为多柔比星能够抑制肿瘤流体生长速度,但跑台运动不会对多柔比星抗肿瘤的效果产生影响。注射多柔比星会导致心壁变薄、心输出量、射血量等心脏功能衰退,但跑台运动能够缓解多柔比星的心毒性。     

曲妥珠单抗修饰的阿霉素免疫脂质体的制备及体外性质研究

目的:制备表面键合曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab,TMAB)的阿霉素免疫脂质(Doxorubicin-loadedimmunoliposome,DOX-IML),并对其体外性质进行研究。方法:将磷脂酰胆碱、胆固醇、阿霉素、DSPE-MPEG2000以一定比例混合,采用薄膜超声分散法制备阿霉素脂质体,将聚乙二醇衍生物(1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[succinimidyl(polyethylene glycol)-3400]、DSPE-PEG3400-NHS)连接到TMAB;再与阿霉素脂质体连接得到DOX-IML。研究不同浓度的TMAB对DOX-IML入胞能力及细胞毒性的影响;测定免疫脂质体的包封率、载药率、粒径、电荷及稳定性等性质;动态透析法模拟体外释药特性,激光共聚焦观察免疫脂质体对AU565细胞抗体介导的入胞作用;MTT法研究DOX-IML抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。结果:成功制备了表面键合TMAB的阿霉素免疫脂质体,配体载入率分别是53%、75.5%、84%;每毫克DOX-IML中抗体的含量分别是37、83、108μg·mg-1;阿霉素的包封率为76.85%、载药量为8.03%;粒径131.8nm;表面电荷-27mV。抗体含量83μg·mg-1的DOX-IML组的细胞存活率最低,细胞内荧光强度最高,且该免疫脂质体稳定性良好,具有一定缓释作用。DOX-IML具有较强的特异性靶向作用,其入胞能力和细胞毒性均高于阿霉素脂质体。结论:DOX-IML具有较强的特异性靶向作用,其入胞能力和细胞毒性均高于阿霉素脂质体,抗体含量适中时其入胞能力和细胞毒性最强。     

miR-200家族作为卵巢癌预后标志物的meta分析

目的:系统评价mi R-200家族(mi R-200a、mi R-200b、mi R-200c、mi R-141、mi R-429)的表达与卵巢癌预后之间的关系。方法:仔细检索搜索美国国立图书馆(Pub Med),荷兰医学文摘(EMBASE)以及ISI Web of Science、CNKI、万方等数据库,与mi R-200家族相关的卵巢癌预后的文献。检索日期为数据库的建库时间至2013年9月20日。提取与mi R-200家族相关卵巢癌预后的相应数据,应用Stata11.0软件进行Meta分析。结果:共有7篇研究符合入选标准,累积肿瘤组织577例。Meta分析显示,mi R-200家族低表达组的合并优势比是高表达组的1.347倍(95%CI:1.052,1.725)。mi R-200a、mi R-200c、mi R-141的亚组分析结果分别为1.091(95%CI:0.718,1.659)、1.285(95%CI:0.765,2.161),1.122(95%CI:1.043-1.208)。mi R-200家族、mi R-141与卵巢癌的预后之间的关系有统计学意义(P=0.018,P=0.002)。结论:mi R-200家族在卵巢癌的预后判断中可能起到预后标记物的作用。     

YAP蛋白核过表达与卵巢癌腹膜及淋巴结转移的相关性分析

目的:探讨Yes相关蛋白(YAP)与卵巢癌腹膜及淋巴结转移的相关性。方法:选择148例原发性卵巢癌和30例正常卵巢石蜡切片标本,采用Western blot、免疫组化分析YAP蛋白在正常卵巢组织、非转移性卵巢癌组织及转移性卵巢癌组织中的表达,分析YAP蛋白在卵巢癌组织中的表达与临床病理特征的关系,并应用单因素及多因素logistics分析卵巢癌腹膜和淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结果:YAP蛋白在正常卵巢组织、非转移性卵巢癌组织及转移性卵巢癌组织中的表达量依次增高,两两比较差异均有统计学差异(P0.05)。YAP蛋白核过表达与组织学分化、残余病灶、复发、腹膜转移以及淋巴结转移均显著相关(P0.05)。YAP蛋白核过表达是独立的影响卵巢癌腹膜(OR:5.443;95%CI:2.287-12.950;P0.001)和淋巴结转移(OR:4.477;95%CI:2.059-9.735;P0.001)的独立危险因素。结论:YAP基因核过表达与卵巢癌腹膜转移及淋巴结转移密切相关,有可能作为临床上预测卵巢癌腹膜及淋巴结转移的新的分子标记物。     

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in ovarian cancer

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin is a formulation of doxorubicin in which the molecule itself is packaged in a liposome made of various lipids with an outer coating of polyethylene glycol. Liposomal technology is being used in increasing amounts in the therapy of a variety of cancers, including ovarian cancers. This article reviews the mechanistic actions of this formulation, the Phase II and Phase III data that helped define the role of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in recurrent ovarian cancer, as well as a discussion of some of the side-effects and their management.     

Pharmacokinetics,Brain Delivery,and Efficacy in Brain Tumor-Bearing Mice of Glutathione Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (2B3-101)

Brain cancer is a devastating disease affecting many people worldwide. Effective treatment with chemotherapeutics is limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that tightly regulates the diffusion of endogenous molecules but also xenobiotics. Glutathione pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (2B3-101) is being developed as a new treatment option for patients with brain cancer. It is based on already marketed pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®/Caelyx®), with an additional glutathione coating that safely enhances drug delivery across the BBB.Uptake of 2B3-101 by human brain capillary endothelial cells in vitro was time-, concentration- and temperature-dependent, while pegylated liposomal doxorubicin mainly remained bound to the cells. In vivo, 2B3-101 and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin had a comparable plasma exposure in mice, yet brain retention 4 days after administration was higher for 2B3-101. 2B3-101 was overall well tolerated by athymic FVB mice with experimental human glioblastoma (luciferase transfected U87MG). In 2 independent experiments a strong inhibition of brain tumor growth was observed for 2B3-101 as measured by bioluminescence intensity. The effect of weekly administration of 5 mg/kg 2B3-101 was more pronounced compared to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (p<0.05) and saline (p<0.01). Two out of 9 animals receiving 2B3-101 showed a complete tumor regression. Twice-weekly injections of 5 mg/kg 2B3-101 again had a significant effect in inhibiting brain tumor growth (p<0.001) compared to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and saline, and a complete regression was observed in 1 animal treated with 2B3-101. In addition, twice-weekly dosing of 2B3-101 significantly increased the median survival time by 38.5% (p<0.001) and 16.1% (p<0.05) compared to saline and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, respectively.Overall, these data demonstrate that glutathione pegylated liposomal doxorubicin enhances the effective delivery of doxorubicin to brain tumors and could become a promising new therapeutic option for the treatment of brain malignancies.     

ROLE OF COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION IN HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS TO DOXIL AND HYNIC PEG LIPOSOMES: EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES

ABSTRACT

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil) and ^99mTc-HYNIC PEG liposomes (HPL) were reported earlier to cause hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) in a substantial percentage of patients treated i.v. with these formulations. Here we report that (1) Doxil, HPL, pegylated phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE)-containing empty liposomes matched with Doxil and HPL in size and lipid composition, and phosphatidylglycerol (PG)-containing negatively charged vesicles were potent C activators in human serum in vitro, whereas small neutral liposomes caused no C activation. (2) Doxil and other size-matched PEG-PE and/or PG-containing liposomes also caused massive cardiopulmonary distress with anaphylactoid shock in pigs via C activation, whereas equivalent neutral liposomes caused no hemodynamic changes. (3) A clinical study showed more frequent and greater C activation in patients displaying HSR than in non-reactive patients. These data suggest that liposome-induced HSRs in susceptible individuals may be due to C activation, which, in turn, is due to the presence of negatively charged PEG-PE in these vesicles.     

重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液联合洛铂对恶性胸腔积液患者生活质量及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液联合洛铂对恶性胸腔积液患者生活质量及免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2015年3月至2017年3月期间我院收治的恶性胸腔积液患者56例为研究对象,按照不同的治疗方式分为研究组(n=28)和对照组(n=28)。对照组给予洛铂治疗,研究组给予重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液联合洛铂治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后生活质量变化、免疫功能变化、临床疗效和不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组患者生活质量改善率高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前,两组免疫功能指标含量经统计分析差异无统计学意义(P0.05),与治疗前比较,两组治疗后4周CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、NK含量均升高,CD8+含量降低,且研究组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、NK含量较对照组升高,CD8~+含量较对照组降低(P0.05)。研究组总有效率为78.57%,与对照组的46.43%比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者心脏反应、呕吐、恶心、血小板减少、白细胞减少、贫血、乏力发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液联合洛铂治疗恶性胸腔积液具有较好的疗效,其可以改善患者生活质量,提高免疫功能,且不会增加患者不良反应,值得临床推广。     

Changes in Body Composition in Women Following Treatment of Overt and Subclinical Hyperthyroidism

ObjectiveTo determine changes in weight, body composition, and bone density after treatment of overt hyperthyroidism (OH) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCH) in women.MethodsWomen with OH and SCH referred to the Mayo Clinic Thyroid Clinic were recruited. Hyperthyroid patients and euthyroid control women were matched for age (within decade) and body mass index. Patients with OH and SCH were treated to normalize thyroid function test results and were restudied after 6 months of normal thyroid function. Baseline and posttreatment studies included measurement of height, weight, bone density, lean mass, fat mass, and thigh muscle cross-sectional area. All participants had normal thyroid function test results for at least 6 months before completion of the posttreatment studies.ResultsTwenty-four patients with OH, 21 patients with SCH, and 36 control patients were studied. In the OH group, fat-free mass increased from a mean of 36.8 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], 34.8-38.8) to 40.4 kg (95% CI, 38.5-42.3); in the SCH group, fat-free mass increased from a mean of 40.3 kg (95% CI, 38.1-42.5) to 42.2 kg (95% CI, 39.7-44.7). In both groups, fat mass increased to approximately the same extent, and both groups experienced significant weight gain with no change in percent body fat. Thigh muscle cross-sectional area increased in both groups—from 100.6 cm² (95% CI, 92.7-108.5) to 113.3 cm² (95% CI, 105.5-121.1) in the OH group and from 106.1 cm² (95% CI, 96.7-115.5) to 112.2 cm² (95% CI, 102.0-122.4) in the SCH group. Bone density increased in patients with OH (P < .01) and in patients with SCH (P < .05).ConclusionsTreatment of OH and SCH leads to increases in muscle area and bone density. Weight gain reflects increases in both fat and fat-free mass. While these results provide some support for actively treating SCH in women, further prospective studies are needed to determine whether the changes documented translate into real patient benefit. (Endocr Pract. 2008;14:973-978)     

Drug release rate influences the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, therapeutic activity, and toxicity of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin formulations in murine breast cancer

The pharmacokinetics (PK), biodistribution (BD), and therapeutic activity of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin formulations with different drug release rates were studied in an orthotopic 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma model. The focus of these experiments was to study the effects of different release rates on the accumulation of liposomal lipid and doxorubicin (DXR) into the tumor and cutaneous tissues of mice (skin and paws). These tissues were chosen because the clinical formulation of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx)/Doxi) causes mucocutaneous reactions such as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE). Liposomes with different doxorubicin (DXR) leakage rates were prepared by altering liposome fluidity through changing the fatty acyl chain length and/or degree of saturation of the phosphatidylcholine component of the liposome. Liposomes with fast, intermediate, and slow rates of drug release were studied. The plasma PK of the liposomal lipid was similar for all formulations, while the plasma PK of the DXR component was dependent on the liposome formulation. Liposomal lipid accumulated to similar levels in tumor and cutaneous tissues for all three formulations tested, while the liposomes with the slowest rates of DXR release produced the highest DXR concentrations in both cutaneous tissues and in tumor. Liposomes with the fastest drug release rates resulted in low DXR concentrations in cutaneous tissues and tumor. The formulation with intermediate release rates produced unexpected toxicity that was not related to the lipid content of the formulation. The liposomes with the slowest rate of drug leakage had the best therapeutic activity of the formulations tested.     

Dose Escalation of Lobaplatin Concurrent with IMRT for the Treatment of Stage III-IVb NPC: A Phase I Clinical Trial

The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of lobaplatin as a single agent chemotherapy concurrent with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in Asian population with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. From June 2016 to December 2017, 17 patients diagnosed with stage III-IVb NPC from an Asian population were prospectively enrolled. Patients were administered lobaplatin with 25-50?mg/m² escalation of dosage on day 1. Every 21?days (days 1, 22, and 43) during radiotherapy, cycles were repeated. We administered radiotherapy as 2.12-2.27 Gy per fraction with five daily fractions each week for 6 to 7 weeks. The evaluation of lobaplatin-related toxic effects was based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. During the weekly treatment period, complete blood counts and biochemistry were performed. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were determined by the following events during any cycle in which lobaplatin was administered. Each dose group consisted of at least three cases. We proceeded to the subsequent dose group in the absence of DLT with a dose increment of 5 mg/m² until DLT occurred. Periods from 1 week prior to the chemotherapy initiation to 3 weeks after the last chemotherapy were defined as DLT observation periods. MTD was determined by the dose that was immediately below the dose that produced DLT. After analysis, DLT occurred in three patients, including a group with two of three patients in 45 mg/m² lobaplatin and another group with one of five patients in 40 mg/m² lobaplatin. No grade 3-4 toxicity was observed in patients treated with lobaplatin <40 mg/m². The tumor response rate at 12?weeks after treatment was 100%. In summary, lobaplatin concurrent with IMRT was active in stage III-IVb NPC, and the MTD for the lobaplatin as single-agent chemotherapy was 40 mg/m² when combined with IMRT in an Asian population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03188497.     

Chemotherapeutic treatment of xenograft Spirocerca lupi-associated sarcoma in a murine model

To date, data are not available concerning the effectiveness of chemotherapy in the treatment of Spirocerca lupi-associated esophageal sarcomas. In the present study, we compared the effectiveness of 4 chemotherapeutic agents against S. lupi-associated osteosarcoma, using a xenograft murine model created in our lab. Samples of xenografted osteosarcoma were inoculated subcutaneously into 5 groups (n = 10 each) of 6-wk-old male and female NOD/SCID mice. Tumor-bearing mice were divided into treatment and control groups. The treatment groups were injected with either pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (6 mg/kg, intravenously, n = 9), doxorubicin (6 mg/kg, intravenously, n = 8), carboplatin (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, repeated twice at 1-wk intervals for a total of 2 doses, n = 9), or cisplatin (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, n = 8). The control group was injected with buffered saline (n = 9). Tumor size was determined by caliper measurements. Compared with the control group, the pegylated liposomal doxorubicin- and doxorubicin-treated groups, but not the carboplatin or cisplatin groups, showed significant inhibition of tumor growth. Our results indicate that doxorubicin-based drugs are effective against S. lupi-associated sarcomas in a mouse xenograft model. Because it is less toxic than doxorubicin, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin is likely the drug of choice for treatment of S. lupi-associated sarcomas. We suggest that combination of doxorubicin or its pegylated form with surgical excision will improve the prognosis of dogs with this disease.     

ERAP1 genetic variations associated with HLA-B27 interaction and disease severity of syndesmophytes formation in Taiwanese ankylosing spondylitis

IntroductionAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a familial, heritable disease specified by syndesmophyte formation leading to an ankylosed spine. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) genetic variations have been widely proved to be associated with AS in several ethnic populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ERAP1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with AS susceptibility and disease severity in Taiwanese.MethodsFour ERAP1 SNPs (rs27037, rs27980, rs27044 and rs30187) were genotyped in 797 Taiwanese AS patients and 1,150 healthy controls. Distributions of genotype and alleles were compared between AS patients and healthy controls, and among AS patients stratified by clinical parameters.ResultsThe SNP rs27037T allele appeared to be a risk factor for AS susceptibility (P = 5.5 × 10^-5, OR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.48; GT+TT vs. GG P = 9.3 × 10^-5, OR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.82). In addition, the coding SNP (cSNP) rs27044G allele (P = 1.5 × 10^-4, OR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.46; CG+GG vs. CC, P = 1.7 × 10^-3, OR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.81) and the cSNP rs30187T allele (P = 1.7 × 10^-3, OR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.40; CT+TT vs. CC P = 6.1 × 10^-3, OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.74) were predisposing factors for AS. Notably, the rs27044G allele carriers (CG+GG vs. CC, P = 0.015, OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.33 to 2.30) and rs30187T allele carriers (CT+TT vs. CC, P = 0.011, OR 1.63, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.38) were susceptible to syndesmophyte formation in AS patients. Furthermore, two cSNPs (rs27044 and rs30187) strongly associated with HLA-B27 positivity in AS patients. Finally, the ERAP1 SNP haplotype TCG (rs27037T/rs27980C/rs27044G) is a major risk factor for AS (adjusted P <0.00001, OR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.58) in Taiwanese.ConclusionsThis study provides the first evidence of ERAP1 SNPs involving syndesmophyte formation. The interactions between ERAP1 SNPs and HLA-B27 play critical roles in pMHC I pathway processing contributing to the pathogenesis of AS in multiple populations.     

Liposomes with entrapped doxorubicin exhibit extended blood residence times

The blood residence time of liposomes with entrapped doxorubicin is shown to be significantly longer than for identically prepared empty liposomes. Liposomal doxorubicin systems with a drug-to-lipid ratio of 0.2 (w/w) were administered at a dose of 100 mg lipid/kg. Both doxorubicin and liposomal lipid were quantified in order to assess in vivo stability and blood residence times. For empty vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC)/cholesterol (55:45, mole ratio) and sized through filters of 100 nm pore size, 15-25% of the administered lipid dose was recovered in the blood 24 h after i.v. injection. The percentage of the dose retained in the circulation at 24 h increased 2-3-fold when the liposomes contain entrapped doxorubicin. For 100 nm distearoyl PC/chol liposomal doxorubicin systems, as much as 80% of the injected dose of lipid and drug remain within the blood compartment 24 h after i.v. administration.