赖氨酸脱羧酶分子改造及固定化合成1,5-戊二胺研究进展

1,5-戊二胺又名尸胺,是一种重要的生物基聚酰胺生产原料,可以与二元羧酸缩合生成生物基聚酰胺PA5X,其性能可以与石油基聚酰胺材料媲美。生物基聚酰胺以可再生能源为底物,如淀粉、纤维素、植物油等,符合绿色可持续发展战略。1,5-戊二胺的生物合成主要包括微生物从头合成及全细胞催化两种方法,而赖氨酸脱羧酶是其生物合成中的关键酶,该酶主要包括诱导型赖氨酸脱羧酶CadA和组成型赖氨酸脱羧酶LdcC两种。赖氨酸脱羧酶是一种折叠型Ⅰ型磷酸吡哆醛(pyridoxal-5'' phosphate,PLP)依赖酶,但该酶在实际反应过程中易受环境因素影响,存在活性不高、结构不稳定等问题。因此,提高赖氨酸脱羧酶催化活性及稳定性成为该领域的研究热点,主要包括分子改造以及固定化研究。文中综述了赖氨酸脱羧酶的作用机理、分子改造技术及固定化策略的研究进展,并对未来进一步提升赖氨酸脱羧酶活性及稳定性策略进行了展望,旨在实现1,5-戊二胺的高效生物制备。     

生物基聚酰胺研究进展

介绍了各类生物基高分子材料,着重综述了生物基聚酰胺的主要合成路线以及开发应用现状,并就生物基聚酰胺的发展给出了相关建议。     

2016生物基材料专刊序言

生物基材料,是利用谷物、豆科、秸秆、竹木粉等可再生生物质为原料制造的新型材料和化学品等,包括生物合成、生物加工、生物炼制过程获得的生物醇、有机酸、烷烃、烯烃等基础生物基化学品,也包括生物基塑料、生物基纤维、糖工程产品、生物基橡胶以及生物质热塑性加工得到塑料材料等。生物基材料由于其绿色、环境友好、资源节约等特点,正逐步成为引领当代世界科技创新和经济发展的又一个新的主导产业。本期专刊报道了生物基材料总体发展情况,介绍了生物基纤维、聚羟基烷酸酯、可生物降解地膜、生物基聚酰胺、蛋白医用生物材料、生物基聚氨酯、聚乳酸改性与加工等几个方面行业状况及其研究进展。     

国内生物基材料产业发展现状

近年来,生物基材料正逐步成为引领当代世界科技创新和经济发展的又一新的主导产业。文章综述了国内生物基材料产业的最新进展,对整个生物基材料产业市场进行了综合分析,包括生物基化学品如乳酸、1,3-丙二醇、丁二酸等,可生物降解生物基塑料如二元酸二元醇共聚酯、聚乳酸、二氧化碳共聚物、聚羟基烷酸酯、聚己内酯、热塑性生物质塑料,非生物降解生物基塑料如生物基聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、生物基聚氨酯,以及生物基纤维等材料的产业现状。     

生物基乙二醇产业化发展态势简析

<正>随着全球石油资源日渐匮乏,生态环境不断恶化,传统的石油化工技术及其产品的副作用表现得愈发明显。因此,用生物基原料制备化工产品已经成为当代经济和社会发展的必然趋势。生物基乙二醇作为一种代表性的生物基材料单体,对于积极发展生物基化学品及其原料产业,实现相关行业的可持续发展具有重要意义。     

脂肪醇制备研究进展

脂肪醇是合成表面活性剂、洗涤剂、增塑剂及其他多种精细化学用品的基础化工原料,广泛应用于纺织、日化、造纸、食品、医药、皮革等领域。本文介绍了脂肪醇的市场现状,综述了工业制备脂肪醇的传统方法,阐述了以可再生非粮生物质为原料,利用生物法制备生物基脂肪醇的方法,并对生物基脂肪醇的新合成路线的发展方向进行展望。     

玉米芯热解制备多孔炭材料的研究进展

玉米芯作为典型的农业废弃物,是制备生物炭材料的优质原料之一。文章以玉米芯为研究对象,综述了玉米芯热解制备生物炭的研究进展,并对热解制备的玉米芯基生物炭理化特性的影响因素进行了分析,主要包括热解制备过程中的热解方式、热解温度、升温速率及改性方法等因素。研究表明,不同制备条件和改性方法对玉米芯生物炭的理化性质有着显著的影响。文章还对玉米芯生物炭的制备进行了展望,以期为玉米芯生物炭的规模化制备和利用提供借鉴与指导。     

菊芋全植株生产燃料乙醇的工艺探讨

<正>菊芋具有耐寒和耐旱等优点,可在非耕地种植,是重要的非粮能源植物,也是生物炼制研究的主要果糖基原料来源。利用菊芋的生物炼制生产生物燃料和生物基化学品具有广阔的发展前景。文章讨论了如何利用菊芋全植株的生物转化进行生物炼制,并重点对利用菊芋生产燃料乙醇的技术路线进行了论述。     

发酵法制备富马酸的关键技术及其进展

随着人们对食品领域安全的关注以及石油基富马酸价格的不断攀升,利用可再生生物质原料发酵法制备富马酸备受关注。探讨了发酵法制备富马酸的关键技术问题,从菌种改造、淀粉基原料发酵、纤维质原料发酵以及非钙盐中和等工艺角度阐述了富马酸工业化生产的技术和经济可行性。     

生物基化学纤维产业发展现状与展望

生物基化学纤维具有生产过程环境友好、原料可再生以及产品可生物降解等优良特性,因此,大力发展生物基化学纤维对于替代化石资源、发展循环经济、建设资源节约型和环境友好型的社会具有十分重大的意义。本文介绍了我国生物基纤维产业的发展现状,分析了生物基纤维产业发展存在的问题,指出了生物基纤维材料科技创新趋势和目标,并给出了我国发展生物基纤维的建议。     

生物基分子介导纳米金属材料的制备及其应用

纳米金属材料具有纳米晶强化效应、光吸收率大、较高的表面能和单磁畴性能等优点,因其在医药、化学催化、抗菌抑毒等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用而受到人们广泛关注。近年来,随着全球石化资源消耗与日俱增,环境污染加剧,基于可再生资源的生物基分子介导纳米材料的制备研究方兴未艾。生物基分子是指直接或间接来源于生物质的小分子或大分子物质,它们多数具有生物相容性好、低毒、可降解、来源广泛、价格低廉等优点。且由于生物基分子多数具有独特的理化性质,如具有生理活性的旋光性、酸碱两性、亲水亲油性以及易与金属离子络合等,其介导合成的纳米材料还兼具其独特功能性,比如消炎、抗癌、抗氧化、抗病毒以及降血糖血脂等,进一步拓宽了纳米金属材料的应用领域。文中对近年来基于生物基分子介导纳米金属材料的制备及应用进行全面综述,为开展相关研究提供参考。     

Prospects for a bio-based succinate industry

Bio-based succinate is receiving increasing attention as a potential intermediary feedstock for replacing a large petrochemical-based bulk chemical market. The prospective economical and environmental benefits of a bio-based succinate industry have motivated research and development of succinate-producing organisms. Bio-based succinate is still faced with the challenge of becoming cost competitive against petrochemical-based alternatives. High succinate concentrations must be produced at high rates, with little or no by-products to most efficiently use substrates and to simplify purification procedures. Herein are described the current prospects for a bio-based succinate industry, with emphasis on specific bacteria that show the greatest promise for industrial succinate production. The succinate-producing characteristics and the metabolic pathway used by each bacterial species are described, and the advantages and disadvantages of each bacterial system are discussed.     

基于生物复合材料的双曲面分段式壳体展馆

生物复合材料由于成本低、可再生和对环境友好的特性，在建筑中获得了新颖又广泛的应用。通过一对一的双曲面、参数化设计形成的分段式壳体，来展示生物材料在承重结构中的应用。这种结构由轻质的单向弯曲木和生物复合材料组成，其中，木质纤维基核心由长木纤维以单板形式加固。进一步探讨了高 3.6 m，面积 55 m2 的展馆的建造技术以及生物复合材料应用的可能性。     

Microbial production of propionic acid from propionibacteria: Current state,challenges and perspectives

Propionic acid (PA) is an important building block chemical and finds a variety of applications in organic synthesis, food, feeding stuffs, perfume, paint and pharmaceutical industries. Presently, PA is mainly produced by petrochemical route. With the continuous increase in oil prices, public concern about environmental pollution, and the consumers’ desire for bio-based natural and green ingredients in foods and pharmaceuticals, PA production from propionibacteria has attracted considerable attention, and substantial progresses have been made on microbial PA production. However, production of PA by propionibacteria is facing challenges such as severe inhibition of end-products during cell growth and the formation of by-products (acetic acid and succinic acid). The integration of reverse metabolic engineering and systematic metabolic engineering provides an opportunity to significantly improve the acid tolerance of propionibacteria and reduce the formation of by-products, and makes it feasible to strengthen the commercial competition of biotechnological PA production from propionibacteria to be comparable to the petrochemical route.     

生物法合成戊二胺研究进展

随着经济快速发展,大气污染和全球变暖的趋势日益恶化。世界上每年消耗大量石化资源来源的聚酰胺,戊二胺作为聚酰胺的重要组成单体,生物法合成戊二胺具有经济学和生态学双重意义。目前,生物法合成戊二胺的工程菌主要有谷氨酸棒状杆菌和大肠杆菌,文中从微生物中戊二胺的代谢、戊二胺合成途径的关键酶和转运蛋白、戊二胺生产最佳代谢途径和戊二胺产量的预测、代谢工程研究进展等方面综述了生物法合成戊二胺的最新研究现状和进展,并对其前景进行了展望。     

Metabolic engineering for the production of dicarboxylic acids and diamines

Microbial production of chemicals and materials from renewable carbon sources is becoming increasingly important to help establish sustainable chemical industry. In this paper, we review current status of metabolic engineering for the bio-based production of linear and saturated dicarboxylic acids and diamines, important platform chemicals used in various industrial applications, especially as monomers for polymer synthesis. Strategies for the bio-based production of various dicarboxylic acids having different carbon numbers including malonic acid (C3), succinic acid (C4), glutaric acid (C5), adipic acid (C6), pimelic acid (C7), suberic acid (C8), azelaic acid (C9), sebacic acid (C10), undecanedioic acid (C11), dodecanedioic acid (C12), brassylic acid (C13), tetradecanedioic acid (C14), and pentadecanedioic acid (C15) are reviewed. Also, strategies for the bio-based production of diamines of different carbon numbers including 1,3-diaminopropane (C3), putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane; C4), cadaverine (1,5-diaminopentane; C5), 1,6-diaminohexane (C6), 1,8-diaminoctane (C8), 1,10-diaminodecane (C10), 1,12-diaminododecane (C12), and 1,14-diaminotetradecane (C14) are revisited. Finally, future challenges are discussed towards more efficient production and commercialization of bio-based dicarboxylic acids and diamines.     

Environmental impacts of conventional plastic and bio-based carrier bags

Background, aim, and scope  

The use of bio-based products as carrier bags, packaging materials, and many other applications has been increasingly replacing conventional polymer products. One of the main driving forces of bio-plastic applications is the perceived depletion and scarcity of fossil fuels, especially petroleum. However, despite being introduced as an environmentally friendly alternative to plastics made from crude oil, the environmental benefits of bio-plastics remain debatable. This article serves to investigate whether or not bio-based materials are environmentally friendlier options compared to plastics and attempts to explain the rationale of the results.     

聚乳酸塑料合成、生物降解及其废弃物处置的研究进展

随着国内外禁塑令和限塑令的升级,以聚乳酸(polylactic acid, PLA)为代表的生物基塑料成为传统石油基塑料市场的主要替代品,备受产业界的青睐。然而,公众对生物基塑料的认识仍存在诸多误解。事实上,生物基塑料的降解需要在特定条件下才能实现,泄入到自然环境中同样难以降解,会对人体、生物多样性和生态系统功能造成危害,这与传统石油基塑料相似。近年来,随着我国PLA产能和市场规模不断的提高,亟需进一步加强对PLA等生物基塑料降解性能的认识,挖掘PLA生物降解资源,关注和研究生物基塑料回收处理模式。基于上述背景,本文首先介绍了PLA塑料的性质及合成方式,以及PLA塑料的产业化与市场规模;其次,对目前聚乳酸塑料微生物与酶法降解的研究进展进行了综述,并对其生物降解机制进行了探讨;最后,提出了微生物原位处理和酶法闭环回收两种聚乳酸塑料废弃物生物处置方法,并对PLA生物基塑料的发展前景和趋势进行了展望。     

Sustainable synthesis and applications of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from biomass

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) belong to group of biopolymers that have in recent times received growing research interest as a result of being eco-friendly and close characteristics with petrochemical based plastics. Alternatives to utilization of synthetic plastics are being explored since synthetic plastics are non-recyclable and non-biodegradable in nature. One of the innovations of Green Chemistry is utilization of renewable feedstocks such as biomass to achieve sustainable development with future circular economy. Bio-based products are of great interest to sustainable development as a result of diminishing fossil fuel reserves and rising environmental concerns. This review summarizes the productions of PHAs from renewable feedstocks such as lignocellulose, crude glycerol, levulinic acid (LA), palm-oil mill effluents (POME) and waste oils. The production of bio-based polymers has become much more professional and differentiated in recent years. Presently, there are bio-based alternatives for practically every application, therefore, this review presents applications of PHA in bio-refinery, medical sectors, agriculture sector, construction industry, and in packaging industry. The cost analysis of PHA from renewable sources with commercially available ones and potential to attain circular economy were also stressed. The reasons for this shift are connected to the non-renewability of fossil-based resources, the deteriorating environmental impacts, and the lack of biodegradability of the petroleum-produced materials.