鼠卵透明带3在Pichia pastoris酵母中的分泌表达

本研究通过酵母Pichiapastoris表达鼠卵透明带 3(mZP3)蛋白 ,获得控制害鼠生育研究的抗原物质。根据国际基因库已发表的mZP3基因序列设计引物 ,并分别在 5’引物和 3’引物中引入EcoRI和XbaI酶切位点。经PCR扩增 ,将mZP3克隆至穿梭质粒pGAPZαA上 ,获得的重组穿梭质粒pGAPZαA mZP3经线性化后 ,采用LiCl法转入毕赤酵母SMD1 1 68菌株中 ,Zeocin+ 筛选阳性克隆 ,酵母发酵上清液进行SDS PAGE和Western blot检测 ,结果表明mZP3在酵母中得到了特异性表达 ,表达产物的分子量约为 60kDa ,说明mZP3能够在酵母真核系统中成功表达 ,并可以用作mZP3免疫不育控制鼠害的检测抗原。     

MXR1基因对毕赤酵母工程茵代谢调控的影响

为了研究毕赤酵母中转录因子Mxrlp在毕赤酵母代谢调控中所起的作用,构建一株以南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B基因(CALB)作为报告基因,MXR1基因完全缺失的毕赤酵母基因工程菌株.将重组质粒pPIC9K-CALB转化毕赤酵母GS115,利用三丁酸甘油酯平板筛选得到分泌表达CALB的重组茵GS115/pPIC9K-CALB.通过重叠延伸PCR方法获得一段中间含有博来霉素抗性基因sh ble,两翼大约各有1 200 bp与毕赤酵母MXR1基因上下游同源的基因片段,将此片段用氯化锂法转化毕赤酵母细胞GS1 15/pPIC9 K-CALB后,利用博来霉素抗性及CALB酶活力丧失双重筛选的方法得到一株MXR1基因完全缺失的毕赤酵母基因工程菌株.该菌株在以甲醇为唯一碳源的培养基中不生长,在以乙醇、葡萄糖或者甘油为唯一碳源的培养基中生长缓慢.结果表明转录Mxrlp因子在毕赤酵母中的多条代谢途径中起着关键性的作用,主要涉及甲醇、乙醇、甘油和葡萄糖等代谢途径.     

黑曲霉组成型表面展示南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B及其发酵调控

黑曲霉表面展示南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)可有效应用于食品、化妆品、医药等行业。以黑曲霉Aspergillus niger SH-1为宿主细胞构建诱导型糖化酶基因启动子表面展示CALB,在较高浓度葡萄糖碳源的发酵中CALB表达会受到抑制,发酵后期菌体容易出现菌丝断裂和展示酶活力下降等问题。采用组成型3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因启动子替代诱导型糖化酶基因启动子的细胞表面展示CALB黑曲霉菌株可有效解决上述问题,该菌株不但可以利用葡萄糖,而且还能利用木糖为发酵碳源,以木糖为碳源发酵在144 h展示酶水平达到1 100.28 U/g。文中探讨了甘蔗渣水解液发酵生产黑曲霉表面展示CALB,初步达到预期的结果,为甘蔗渣的综合利用提供了新途径。     

南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B基因在大肠杆菌中的表达和发酵优化

旨在利用大肠杆菌实现南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)基因的高效可溶性表达,并降低生产成本。构建带有不同信号肽的CALB基因表达质粒,转化至不同大肠杆菌宿主中,在摇瓶中进行基础培养基、诱导条件、培养基组成成分和进程曲线的优化。结果显示,带有PelB信号肽的重组菌pET25b-CALB-1/Rosetta(DE3)在20℃下使用0.5%(W/V)乳糖在TY培养基中诱导表达效果最好,优化后的合成培养基成分为1.75%(W/V)山梨醇、2.25%(W/V)鱼蛋白胨、1%(W/V)安琪酵母提取物、0.75%(W/V)Na2HPO4。在摇瓶中诱导60 h后,CALB酶活力最高达到35.67 U/mL,相比于初始发酵酶活力提高了17.77倍,是目前大肠杆菌生产CALB的最高水平。成功地构建了大肠杆菌表达系统,经过系统优化后,CALB的高水平可溶性表达得以实现。     

南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)基因在乳酸乳球菌MG1363中的整合及表达

根据南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B (CALB)的基因序列将CALB基因进行TA克隆、酶切鉴定及测序后,亚克隆至大肠杆菌-乳酸乳球菌穿梭表达栽体pMG36e-Nisl中,构建重组表达栽体pMG36e-Nisl-CALB.设计特异性引物P3和P4,对重组质粒pMG36e-NisI-CALB进行红霉素抗性基因的敲除,以构建食品级表达载体pMG36N-CALB,后再将两种重组质粒分别电转化入乳酸乳球菌MG1363,以Nisin为选择压力,考察CALB在MG1363中的表达情况.结果显示,成功构建了表达载体pMG36e-NisI-CALB及pMG36N-CALB,两株重组菌在含有20 IU Nisir/mL的培养基中均生长情况良好,遗传性能稳定,且经水解圈鉴定,CALB能够进行活性表达.进一步研究发现,CALB基因整合到乳酸乳球菌MG1363染色体中.     

毕赤酵母展示表达南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B

将南极假丝脂肪酶B(CALB)基因N端和C端,分别与酿酒酵母絮凝蛋白(Flo1p)絮凝结构域序列的N端(FS)和C端(FL)融合,构建成脂肪酶毕赤酵母表面展示载体KFS和KFL,并转化毕赤酵母GS115后获得重组子KFS-CALB和KFL-CALB。免疫荧光检测证实脂肪酶已展示于毕赤酵母细胞表面。甲醇诱导120 h后展示酶活性分别达到286 U/g干细胞和182 U/g干细胞。酶的热稳定性较游离酶有较大提高,50℃孵育4 h后KFS-CALB菌株的残留酶活力仍保持初始酶活力70%以上;KFL-CALB在50℃孵育2 h后的酶活力也达到初始酶活力50%,远远高于游离态的CALB,其在50℃孵育0.5 h后仅残留18%的初始酶活力。     

硫色曲霉β-甘露聚糖酶在毕赤酵母中的组成型分泌表达

目的：构建硫色曲霉β-甘露聚糖酶的毕赤酵母组成型分泌表达菌株,研究重组菌株的产酶水平。方法：EcoR I／Xba I双酶切质粒pPIC-mann-opt,琼脂糖凝胶电泳、回收目的基因片段后,与组成型毕赤酵母表达载体pGAPzαA连接,转化大肠杆菌,经筛选获得含有pGAP-mann-opt的重组克隆;提取pGAP-mann-opt,用限制性内切酶BspH I线性化后,转化毕赤酵母X-33感受态细胞,进行Zeocin抗性筛选和PCR鉴定。结果：获得了重组菌株,重组菌株在YPD培养基中摇瓶发酵24h,上清液酶活达到343U／mL,产酶蛋白约为1.0mg／mL。结论：构建的硫色曲霉β-甘露聚糖酶组成型表达菌株具有较好的应用前景。     

利用α凝集素在毕赤酵母表面展示脂肪酶

目的:将南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)通过α凝集素3’末端功能区域展示在毕赤酵母表面。方法:采用PCR方法扩增得到CALB成熟肽编码基因,将其连接到α凝集素3’末端的上游再与穿梭载体pPIC9K连接,构建表面展示载体p KNS-CALB。检测其水解活力和相关酶学性质。结果:展示CALB的毕赤酵母在甲醇的诱导下,表现出水解活性,最高可达382 U/g干细胞。对展示CALB的酶学性质研究表明:其最适温度为45℃,最适pH为8.0,60℃水浴4 h后残留酶活力高于最大酶活力的50%,其水解对硝基苯酚丁酸酯的酶活力最高。结论:利用α凝集素成功将CALB展示于毕赤酵母表面,酶活力有较大提高。     

脂肪酶1在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

根据褶皱假丝酵母脂肪酶CRL中LIP1的成熟多肽序列 ,人工合成了由毕赤酵母 (Pichiapastoris)中偏爱密码子组成的lip1基因序列。该基因以N端融合的方式分别正确插入毕赤酵母诱导型表达载体pPICZαA与组成型表达载体pGAPZαA中。通过电激将线性化的上述两种重组质粒分别转化毕赤酵母SMD116 8H细胞 ,筛选获得两株分别具有诱导型表达和组成型表达生物活性LIP1能力的高产菌株。其中 ,组成型表达菌株CHT II换液后 4 8h上清液中含脂肪酶活力为 2 .0 0× 10 5u/L ,表达产物在pH 4～ 8与温度 30～ 5 0℃范围内具有较高的脂肪酶活性 ;高密度发酵条件下 ,发酵 72h ,上清液中含脂肪酶活力可达 1.395× 10 6u/L ,表明构建的重组菌株具有更大的工业化生产优势。     

甘露聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及酶学性质研究

采用PCR的方法,以枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis基因组 DNA 为模板,克隆出甘露聚糖酶MAN的成熟肽编码序列,将其插入巴斯德毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris表达载体pPIC9K中,并位于α-因子信号肽序列的下游,获得重组质粒pPIC9K-MAN。重组质粒线性化后用聚乙二醇法导入毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris菌株GS115中,经大量筛选,获得高效分泌表达甘露聚糖酶的毕赤酵母工程菌株MAN22。将此菌株在5 L发酵罐中进行高密度发酵,测定酶活最高达1102IU /mL,同时对重组甘露聚糖酶的性质进行了初步研究。     

南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B的酿酒酵母表面展示及其催化己酸乙酯的合成

从南极假丝酵母(Candida antarctica)基因组克隆得到南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(Candida antarctica Lipase B, CALB)全基因片段, 利用连接肽celA Linker将CALB与酿酒酵母细胞表面展示蛋白a-凝集素的C端连接融合, 构建表面展示载体pICAS-celAL-CALB, 转化酵母后获得重组酵母菌Saccharomyces cerevisiae pICAS-celAL-CALB。该重组酵母菌经葡萄糖诱导表达及分析, 表明CALB已在酿酒酵母细胞表面成功展示, 水解活力达26.26 u/(g·dry cell)。重组酵母菌经冻干能有效地实现在非水相中全细胞催化己酸和乙醇酯化合成己酸乙酯。反应物己酸与乙醇的摩尔比为1:1.25, 己酸乙酯的产率为98.0%, 具有较好的操作稳定性。     

Development of yeast cells displaying <Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida antarctica</Emphasis> lipase B and their application to ester synthesis reaction

We isolated the lipase B from Candida antarctica CBS 6678 (CALB CBS6678) and successfully constructed CALB-displaying yeast whole-cell biocatalysts using the Flo1p short (FS) anchor system. For the display of CALB on a yeast cell surface, the newly isolated CALB CBS6678 exhibited higher hydrolytic and ester synthesis activities than the well-known CALB, which is registered in GenBank (Z30645). A protease accessibility assay using papain as a protease showed that a large part of CALB, approximately 75%, was localized on an easily accessible part of the yeast cell surface. A comparison of the lipase hydrolytic activities of yeast whole cells displaying only mature CALB (CALB) and those displaying mature CALB with a Pro region (ProCALB) revealed that mature CALB is preferable for yeast cell surface display using the Flo1p anchor system. Lyophilized yeast whole cells displaying CALB were applied to an ester synthesis reaction at 60°C using adipic acid and n-butanol as substrates. The amount of dibutyl adipate (DBA) produced increased with the reaction time until 144 h. This indicated that CALB displayed on the yeast cell surface retained activity under the reaction conditions.     

Expression in Pichia pastoris of Candida antarctica lipase B and lipase B fused to a cellulose-binding domain

Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) and C. antarctica lipase B fused to a cellulose-binding domain (CBD-CALB) were expressed functionally in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The cellulose-binding domain originates from cellulase A of the anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix patriciarum. The genes were fused to the alpha-factor secretion signal sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and placed under the control of the alcohol oxidase gene (AOX1) promoter. The recombinant proteins were secreted into the culture medium reaching levels of approximately 25 mg/L. The proteins were purified using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration with an overall yield of 69%. Results from endoglycosidase H digestion of the proteins showed that CALB and CBD-CALB were N-glycosylated. The specific hydrolytic activities of recombinant CALB and CBD-CALB were identical to that reported for CALB isolated from its native source. The fusion of the CBD to the lipase resulted in a greatly enhanced binding toward cellulose for CBD-CALB compared with that for CALB.     

Expression in Pichia pastoris of Candida antarctica Lipase B and Lipase B Fused to a Cellulose-Binding Domain

Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) and C. antarctica lipase B fused to a cellulose-binding domain (CBD-CALB) were expressed functionally in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The cellulose-binding domain originates from cellulase A of the anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix patriciarum. The genes were fused to the α-factor secretion signal sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and placed under the control of the alcohol oxidase gene (AOX1) promoter. The recombinant proteins were secreted into the culture medium reaching levels of approximately 25 mg/L. The proteins were purified using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration with an overall yield of 69%. Results from endoglycosidase H digestion of the proteins showed that CALB and CBD-CALB were N-glycosylated. The specific hydrolytic activities of recombinant CALB and CBD-CALB were identical to that reported for CALB isolated from its native source. The fusion of the CBD to the lipase resulted in a greatly enhanced binding toward cellulose for CBD-CALB compared with that for CALB.     

Display of Candida antarctica lipase B on Pichia pastoris and its application to flavor ester synthesis

Two alternative cell-surface display systems were developed in Pichia pastoris using the α-agglutinin and Flo1p (FS) anchor systems, respectively. Both the anchor cell wall proteins were obtained originally from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was displayed functionally on the cell surface of P. pastoris using the anchor proteins α-agglutinin and FS. The activity of CALB displayed on P. pastoris was tenfold higher than that of S. cerevisiae. The hydrolytic and synthetic activities of CALB fused with α-agglutinin and FS anchored on P. pastoris were investigated. The hydrolytic activities of both lipases displayed on yeast cells surface were more than 200 U/g dry cell after 120 h of culture (200 and 270 U/g dry cell, respectively). However, the synthetic activity of CALB fused with α-agglutinin on P. pastoris was threefold higher than that of the FS fusion protein when applied to the synthesis of ethyl caproate. Similarly, the CALB displayed on P. pastoris using α-agglutinin had a higher catalytic efficiency with respect to the synthesis of other short-chain flavor esters than that displayed using the FS anchor. Interestingly, for some short-chain esters, the synthetic activity of displaying CALB fused with α-agglutinin on P. pastoris was even higher than that of the commercial CALB Novozyme 435.     

A lipid-coated lipase as an efficient hydrolytic catalyst in the two-phase aqueous-organic system

The activity of different formulations of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), such as crude CALB, purified CALB, purified CALB lyophilized with PEG (CALB + PEG) or oleic acid (CALB + OA), and the commercial formulation Novozym 435, was determined in toluene, carbon tetrachloride, and 1,4-dioxane at various water activities (a(w)). The reaction between vinylacetate and 1-octanol was used as the model reaction and both transesterification (formation of 1-octylacetate) and hydrolytic (formation of acetic acid from vinylacetate) activities were determined. For equal amounts of lipase protein, CALB + PEG (and to a lesser extent CALB + OA) displayed higher activity than that of the other formulations; for instance, in toluene (a(w) < 0.1), it was 260-, 13-, and 1.8-fold more active than crude CALB, purified CALB, and Novozym 435, respectively. Moreover, the transesterification activity of CALB + PEG was of the same order of magnitude (51%) of the activity shown by the enzyme in the hydrolysis of vinylacetate in aqueous buffer. These results suggest that PEG and oleic acid could act as lyoprotectants, preventing the formation of intermolecular interactions during the lyophilization process that might be responsible for protein denaturation. No diffusional limitation was observed for CALB + PEG-catalyzed reactions. Purified CALB, in contrast to the other formulations, showed a marked activity increase (2.1 to 7.8-fold) as a function of a(w) and, in 1,4-dioxane, it was 3.5-fold more active when it was added to the solvent after previous dissolution of the lyophilized powder in water.     

de novo Design and Synthesis of Candida antarctica Lipase B Gene and α-Factor Leads to High-Level Expression in Pichia pastoris

Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) is one of the most widely used and studied enzymes in the world. In order to achieve the high-level expression of CALB in Pichia, we optimized the codons of CALB gene and α-factor by using a de novo design and synthesis strategy. Through comparative analysis of a series of recombinants with different expression components, we found that the methanol-inducible expression recombinant carrying the codon-optimized α-factor and mature CALB gene (pPIC9KαM-CalBM) has the highest lipase production capacity. After fermentation parameters optimization, the lipase activity and protein content of the recombinant pPIC9KαM-CalBM reached 6,100 U/mL and 3.0 g/L, respectively, in a 5-L fermentor. We believe this strategy could be of special interest due to its capacity to improve the expression level of target gene, and the Pichia transformants carrying the codon-optimized gene had great potential for the industrial-scale production of CALB lipase.     

Expression of Candida antarctica lipase B in Pichia pastoris and various Escherichia coli systems

Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) carrying a point mutation, N74S, resulting in a non-glycosylated protein was actively expressed in Pichia pastoris yielding 44 mg/L which was similar to that of the glycosylated CALB wild type expressed in P. pastoris. Hence, the major obstacle in the Escherichia coli expression of CALB is not the lack of glycosylation. To understand and improve the expression of CALB in E. coli, a comprehensive investigation of four different systems were tested: periplasmic expression in Rosetta (DE3), cytosolic expression in Rosetta-gami 2(DE3) and Origami 2(DE3) as well as co-expression with chaperones groES and groEL in Origami B(DE3), all using the pET-22b(+) vector and the T7lac promoter. Furthermore the E. coli expression was carried out at three different temperatures (16, 25 and 37 degrees C) to optimise the expression. Periplasmic expression resulted in highest amount of active CALB of the four systems, yielding a maximum of 5.2mg/L culture at 16 degrees C, which is an improvement to previous reports. The specific activity of CALB towards tributyrin in E. coli was found to be the same for periplasmic and cytosolic expression. Active site titration showed that the CALB mutant N74S had a lower specific activity in comparison to wild type CALB regardless of expression host. The expected protein identity was confirmed by LC-ESI-MS analysis in E. coli, whereas in P. pastoris produced CALB carried four additional amino acids from an incomplete protein processing.     

Surface display of active lipase in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pichia pastoris</Emphasis> using Sed1 as an anchor protein

A Pichia pastoris cell-surface display system was constructed using the Sed1 anchor system that has been developed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was used as the model protein and was fused to an anchor that consisted of 338 amino acids of Sed1. The resulting fusion protein CALBSed1 was expressed under the control of the alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (pAOX1). Immunofluorescence microscopy of immunolabeled Pichia pastoris revealed that CALB was displayed on the cell surface. Western blot analysis showed that the fusion protein CALBSed1 was attached covalently to the cell wall and was highly glycosylated. The hydrolytic activity of the displayed CALB was more than 220 U/g dry cells after 120 h of culture. The displayed protein also exhibited a higher degree of thermostability than free CALB.