植物细胞培养在细胞生物学实验教学中的应用——评《植物细胞组织培养技术》

正植物细胞培养在细胞生物学、遗传学、分子生物学及植物生物学等课程的实验课中都有涉及,其实验方案的质量直接关系到教学质量,是培养和提高学生动手能力的关键。因此,将植物细胞培养纳入细胞生物学实验课程教学活动,在不同层次的实验教学中运用细胞培养技术,能丰富教学内容、改善教学方式,从而激发学生的学习兴趣与积极性,提高细胞生物学实验课程的教学效果,使学生综合分析和处理问题的能力得到锻炼,培养学生发现问题和解决问题的灵敏度,提高学生的实际     

怎样在经费不足的情况下上好本科“细胞培养”实验课

“细胞培养”已成为现代生物学和生物工程的一项重要基本技术,是细胞生物学、遗传学、免疫学等许多学科的主要研究手段。在大学本科开设“细胞培养”实验不仅是让学生学习这一技术方法,同时也能使学生建立对活细胞形态结构、生长、分化等感性认识。因此,国外在70年代前就已在大学本科开设了这项实验,英国D.O.Hall等1975年的《细胞生物学实验》     

开展综合性基础医学实验课程,提高医学研究生科研技能

随着高校研究生招生规模的不断扩大,研究生教育的质量问题日益引起社会广泛关注。本文分析了研究生科研实验中存在的主要问题及现行实验课程中的不足,并对实验课程如何适应科研的需要进行了阐述。强调研究生实验课程应注重突出学科交叉性、先进性、实用性和研究性,并形成集生物化学、分子生物学、病理学、遗传学、细胞生物学和免疫学等多学科相互渗透、相互交叉、相互补充的系列性、综合性、研究性的基础医学实验教学课程,旨在使学生更系统、更全面地掌握医学实验技术和技能,为后续的研究性实验工作和科研水平的提高打好一个坚实的基础。     

关于微生物学与免疫学教学方法的探讨

探索微生物学与免疫学这门课程理论部分的教学方法,以期提高整体的教学质量,使学生能更好地掌握这门课程的知识,为学习其他相关学科打下良好的基础。     

浅谈生物教学中自制教具的作用

从四个方面谈自制教具的作用:有利于提高学习效率,弥补现有教具和经费的不足;有利于形成生物学概念,使复杂的知识简单化;能使抽象变形象;有利于突破教学重点难点,能够使学生加深对知识的记忆。     

基于绿色荧光蛋白的RNAi技术在细胞生物学实验课程中的应用实例

RNAi和GFP报告基因的转染技术是细胞生物学领域常用的研究手段,我们以GFP作为靶基因,设计了适合在本科生课程中开设的RNA干扰技术实验项目,本教改研究将GFP荧光观察、基因转染技术及RNA干扰技术融合在一个实验中,并且对该实验项目的实例应用做了细致的设计和具体实践,结果表明RNAi技术对细胞中GFP报告基因表达的抑制效果明显。此外本文还阐述了该实验项目在本科生的细胞生物学实验课程中开展的可行性和必要性。这种将传统技术与新技术交叉组合型实验项目的开展对于学生综合科研能力的培养具有良好的效果,也为细胞生物学实验课程的改革提供了新思路。     

模块化设计和微课应用在研究生课程教学中的实践研究——以分子细胞生物学课程为例

基于研究生课程教学区别于本科教学的新高度、新要求和新期待,依托分子细胞生物学良好的理论教学基础,充分把握课程发展趋势,引导学生扩展知识外延并洞悉学科前沿,探索出将模块化教学设计与微课应用相结合的研究生课堂教学新模式。在分子细胞生物学的教学实践探索中,发现该模式对激发研究生学习兴趣、增进对知识的理解、培养学生的创新思维等方面均具有积极的作用。     

利用生物学核心概念推动高中生物学选考有效复习

生物学核心概念与一般的生物学概念不同,以生物事实为载体,能揭示学科知识本质和学科知识之间联系,同时它具有整合学科知识的功能。利用生物学核心概念推动生物学的有效复习,让学生自主构建生物学知识网络,有利于学生提升理论的应用能力和迁移能力。以核心概念"细胞的生命活动需要物质和能量的推动"为例,阐述生物学选考的复习策略。     

创刊词

随着科学技术的迅速发展,组织化学与细胞化学和其他学科一样已有很大的进展,多种新技术应用于这个领域的研究,其内容不仅使形态结构的观察方面,普遍深入更微细的水平,而且与生物化学、生理学、药理学、病理学、病理生理学、免疫学等学科日益密切地相互渗透。当今组织化学与细胞化学,正在逐步发展成为一门独立的学科。组织化学与细胞化学的理论与技术,在我国医学和生物学领域的应用逐渐广泛,它在基     

生物学教学中创造性思维能力的培养

在中学的生物学教学中,努力培养学生的创造性思维能力,不但有利于学生熟练掌握生物学知识与生物学技能,更有利于培养具有个性和创新能力的人才。     

Homology modeling: an important tool for the drug discovery

In the last decades, homology modeling has become a popular tool to access theoretical three-dimensional (3D) structures of molecular targets. So far several 3D models of proteins have been built by this technique and used in a great diversity of structural biology studies. But are those models consistent enough with experimental structures to make this technique an effective and reliable tool for drug discovery? Here we present, briefly, the fundamentals and current state-of-the-art of the homology modeling techniques used to build 3D structures of molecular targets, which experimental structures are not available in databases, and list some of the more important works, using this technique, available in literature today. In many cases those studies have afforded successful models for the drug design of more selective agonists/antagonists to the molecular targets in focus and guided promising experimental works, proving that, when the appropriate templates are available, useful models can be built using some of the several software available today for this purpose. Limitations of the experimental techniques used to solve 3D structures allied to constant improvements in the homology modeling software will maintain the need for theoretical models, establishing the homology modeling as a fundamental tool for the drug discovery.     

Szallasi Zoltan,Stelling Jörg,Periwal Vipul: System Modeling in Cellular Biology: From Concepts to Nuts and Bolts.

"System Modeling in Cellular Biology: From Concepts to Nuts and Bolts" by Szallasi, Stelling and Periwal introduces the relevant concepts, terminology, and techniques of this field of science. It emphasises the modelling and computational challenges of taking a multidisciplinary approach to biology. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to systems biology and will form a valuable resource for students, teachers and researchers from both experimental and theoretical disciplines.     

秀丽隐杆线虫在高校遗传学实验中的应用

秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditiselegans)是模式生物中的重要成员之一,因其实验成本低,实验周期短,非常适宜用于高校的遗传学实验教学中。线虫在实验教学中的使用,一方面可以有效地丰富高校实验教学的内容,另一方面也可以很好地激发学生的学习兴趣。本文介绍了线虫在遗传学实验教学中的应用实例,如生活周期观察、单因子杂交、单核苷酸多态性研究、RNA干扰(RNAi)实验等;对实验设置、操作要求、实验相关准备工作等进行了较为细致的描述,为线虫在高校遗传学实验教学中的应用提供了详实案例,可为线虫在高校遗传学实验或其他相关实验课程如细胞生物学实验、模式生物与发育生物学实验中的应用提供参考。     

Cell biology, chemogenomics and chemoproteomics

The scientific techniques used in molecular biological research and drug discovery have changed dramatically over the past 10 years due to the influence of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics. Furthermore, genomics and functional genomics are now merging into a new scientific approach called chemogenomics. Advancements in the study of molecular cell biology are dependent upon "omics" researchers realizing the importance of and using the experimental tools currently available to cell biologists. For example, novel microscopic techniques utilizing advanced computer imaging allow for the examination of live specimens in a fourth dimension, viz., time. Yet, molecular biologists have not taken full advantage of these and other traditional and novel cell biology techniques for the further advancement of genomic and proteomic-oriented research. The application of traditional and novel cellular biological techniques will enhance the science of genomics. The authors hypothesize that a stronger interdisciplinary approach must be taken between cell biology (and its closely related fields) and genomics, proteomics and bio-chemoinformatics. Since there is a lot of confusion regarding many of the "omics" definitions, this article also clarifies some of the basic terminology used in genomics, and related fields. It also reviews the current status and future potential of chemogenomics and its relationship to cell biology. The authors also discuss and expand upon the differences between chemogenomics and the relatively new term--chemoproteomics. We conclude that the advances in cell biology methods and approaches and their adoption by "omics" researchers will allow scientists to maximize our knowledge about life.     

分子生物学实验教学内容的新探索

尽管我们对分子生物学实验教学进行了多方面改革,但至今大多实验教学内容中仍然存在一个突出的问题:分子生物学理论教学内容和实验教学内容相脱节,实验教学内容未能突出理论教学中重点、难点内容以及相应能力要求。本文着重探讨新的分子生物学实验课程内容,即根据分子生物学理论课教学中的重点、难点内容顺序,安排相应的实验内容,让学生在实验中理解理论知识,掌握相应的实验能力,最终实现理论教学和实践教学的相互促进,从而提高教学质量。     

Applying population-genetic models in theoretical evolutionary epidemiology

Much of the existing theory for the evolutionary biology of infectious diseases uses an invasion analysis approach. In this Ideas and Perspectives article, we suggest that techniques from theoretical population genetics can also be profitably used to study the evolutionary epidemiology of infectious diseases. We highlight four ways in which population-genetic models provide benefits beyond those provided by most invasion analyses: (i) they can make predictions about the rate of pathogen evolution; (ii) they explicitly draw out the mechanistic way in which the epidemiological dynamics feed into evolutionary change, and thereby provide new insights into pathogen evolution; (iii) they can make predictions about the evolutionary consequences of non-equilibrium epidemiological dynamics; (iv) they can readily incorporate the effects of multiple host dynamics, and thereby account for phenomena such as immunological history and/or host co-evolution.     

Microparasites of wild small mammals

Little is known of the biology of the majority of microparasites except for those of medical or veterinary importance. It is suggested that techniques already developed for identification and quantification of these important parasites should be modified as necessary and extended to the study of other microparasites. Isolation and maintenance of microparasites in laboratory-maintained hosts will improve these diagnostic techniques and will also allow investigation of the biology of the parasites under controlled conditions. The value of laboratory-based experiments as an adjunct to ecological studies is emphasized. Problems of interpretation are indicated.     

“微生物学前沿”新课程体系的构建

作为一门与人类关系极为密切且正在迅速发展的学科，微生物学在生命科学领域具有举足轻重的地位。鉴于微生物学系列课程在教学过程中存在的一些共性问题，我校计划面向3个国家一流本科专业(生物科学、生物技术与生物工程专业)的高年级本科生开设“微生物学前沿”新课程，作为对重要基础理论课程——首批国家一流本科课程“微生物学”的补充与提升。本课程以微生物学的发展前沿、研究热点为授课内容，进一步拓展学生的微生物学知识和眼界，培养学生的科学精神，训练学生的科学思维方法，并增强学生解决复杂问题的能力。本课程的开设将为创新型微生物学专业人才培养起到重要的支撑作用。     

Understanding bone cell biology requires an integrated approach: Reliable opportunities to study osteoclast biology in vivo

The relative simplicity of all in vitro methods to study bone cell biology will at best result in oversimplification of the development and functional capacity of the skeleton in vivo. We have shown this to be true for selected aspects of bone cell biology, but numerous other examples are available. One alternative is to undertake skeletal research in vivo. It is important that those in bone research be willing to move increasingly in this direction not only to understand the true complexitities of skeletal versatility, but also to avoid repetition and perpetuation of erroneous or irrelevant conclusions which waste resources. Toward this end we have described two situations, osteopetrosis and tooth eruption, in which reproducible abrogations or local activations of bone resorption can be examined in vivo. The application of emerging molecular and morphological techniques that permit the subcellular dissection of metabolic pathways and their precise cellular localization, such as a combination of the variety of in situ hybridzation technologies with PCR, antisense probes, and antibody blockase, will allow the investigator greater control of variables in vivo. We expect that these technologies, largely worked out in vitro, combined with highly selected, appropriate models, as we have oulined here for osteoclast biology worked out in vitro, combined with highly selected, appropriate models, as we have ourlined here for osteoclast biology, will make research in vivo less intimidating and increase the frequency with which the real biology is studied directly.