单主菌属一新种

报导寄生于我国水龟虫科Hydrophilidae榄形赖牙甲及Regimbartia attenuata昆虫上的虫囊菌目Laboulbeniales单主菌属Autoicomyces一新种：中华单主菌Auoticomyces chinensis,有显微结构图、拉丁文简介及中文描述。所研究的全部标本保存在广东省微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMIGD)。     

高温单孢菌属分类研究进展

自从Henssen于1957年建立高温单孢菌属至今,高温单孢菌属各菌种的分类地位一直处于不断的变化之中。近年来,随着该属一些种的重新分类以及新种的发现,高温单孢菌属的分类发生了很大的变化。这主要是由于分类手段已由传统的形态学分类方法向现代的多相分类方法过渡。介绍了自高温单孢菌属建立以来,该属分类的研究现状,认为高温单孢菌属在系统分类上尚需进一步的研究。     

小单孢菌属的一个新种

从云南省丽江地区的高寒山区采集的土样中分离到两株小单孢菌Y81—917和Y81一558。它们不产生气生菌丝体。基内菌丝体蓝色。产生蓝色可扩散色素。孢子单个着生,表面皱褶。细胞壁化学组分II型。它们与所有已知的小单孢菌都不同,认为是小单孢菌属中的一个新种,定名为玉龙小单孢菌(Micromonospora yulongensis n. sp.),菌株Y81-917为模式株。     

多生菌根菌接种马尾松和相思树幼苗的研究

以外生菌根菌Ｘｅｒｏｃｏｍｕｓ ｃｈｒｙｓｅｎｔｅｒｏｎ接种相思树与马尾松幼苗,不来菌栽培,植株生长指档和生理特性测定,都优于对照,以外生菌根菌Ｃａｌｖａｔｉａ ｌｉｌａｃｉｎａ加ＶＡ菌根菌Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｅｐｉｇａｍｕｓ双接种于相思树功苗,来菌栽培,植株含Ｎ量和脯氨酸等含量优于ＶＡ菌根菌单接种的效果,幼根切片观察到接种的外生菌根菌进入根皮层。细胞间隙,原有菌根的发育和结构状况有所改变。     

胶孢镰刀菌产生串珠镰刀菌素的不稳定性

从陕北克山病病区分离到的两株串珠镰刀菌素产生菌株－胶孢镰刀菌陕－６号和２－１７号进行单孢分离,分别得到２３和１９个单孢分离株。这些单孢菌株可为两种培养型：一种形态上与原始菌株相似,产生串珠镰刀菌素,产色素,具有大、小分生孢子,转管八次产毒量有下降,另一种则不产串珠镰刀菌素和孢子,无色素,后者在二株菌的单孢分离菌中所占比例分别为６０．９％和１５．８％。由此可见,胶孢镰刀菌产毒稳定性受异核体和该菌单     

无明胶布氏菌活疫苗冻干稳定剂的筛选

目的为皮上划痕人用布氏菌活疫苗筛选存活率高、无明胶冻干稳定剂。方法以冻干活菌存活率为指标,对甘油、甘露醇、蔗糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、谷氨酸钠、甘氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸和硫脲等10种稳定剂通过单因素筛选法,筛选出冻干存活率高的4种单因素稳定剂成分;将4种单因素稳定剂成分进行正交试验优化,筛选出最优稳定剂组合。结果单因素试验结果显示,甘油、葡萄糖、谷氨酸钠和硫脲4种稳定剂成分冻干后活菌存活率较高,对布氏菌活疫苗具有良好保护效果。通过正交试验筛选出最优稳定剂配方中四组分的质量分数分别为甘油1.5%、葡萄糖5%、硫脲1.5%、谷氨酸钠1.0%,该配方的冻干存活率可达81.5%。结论无明胶冻干稳定剂对布氏菌活疫苗具有较好的保护作用。     

Zymomonas mobilis工程菌的研究现状及应用

运动发酵单孢菌 (Zymomonasmobilis)由于其具有较高的乙醇产率、得率和耐乙醇能力等特性 ,因此在产乙醇方面日益受到人们广泛的关注。主要阐述了运动发酵单孢菌的来源及其基本特性 ,重点对基因工程技术构建运动发酵单孢菌 ,使其能够利用木糖生产乙醇方面的研究进展及应用前景进行了综述。     

四株糖单孢菌分离株的分类学研究

从广西地区的土样中,分离到4株细胞壁Ⅳ型,糖型A, 无枝菌酸的假诺卡氏菌科的放线菌菌株,编号分别为191、221、202、和212。根据4株 菌的形态学特征和细胞化学特征,将其归入糖单孢菌属。与该属5个已知种的7个代表株进行 的rDNA的BamHI酶切片段长度类型分析(Ribotyping)的结果表明：191为青绿色糖单孢菌(S.viridis),202为青灰色糖单孢菌(S.caesia),221和212为相同的与青绿色糖单孢菌(S .viridis)的亲缘关系最近的种,但不同于已知的任何一个种。     

一株抑制单增李斯特菌感染的S.epidermidis G26菌株的分离筛选

本研究从BALB/c小鼠粪便中分离筛选得到一株具有抑制单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,Lm)感染的G26菌株。通过16S rDNA鉴定分离株G26为表皮葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis G26)。体外试验证明G26能够显著抑制Lm生长;动物实验表明,分离株G26能够降低单增李斯特菌感染小鼠的死亡率,减少单增李斯特菌在小鼠肠道内的含量和粪便检出量。结果表明,分离株G26可以作为一种具有治疗单增李斯特菌感染作用的潜在的益生菌。     

沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌、单增李斯特菌选择性共增菌培养基的研制

目的：研制一种对沙门氏菌（Salmonella）、金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、志贺氏菌（Shigella）和单增李斯特菌（Listeria monocytogens）的选择性共增菌培养基（SSSL培养基）。方法：挑选添加成分进行单因素试验,确定SSSL培养基的成分及配比,采用平板计数法验证SSSL培养基的增菌效果。结果：确立了SSSL培养基配方,目标菌在SSSL增菌培养基中培养8 h后,菌体浓度都达到了105~106CFU/mL,而且抑制非目标菌的生长。结论：SSSL培养基能用于沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌和单增李斯特菌选择性共增菌,可望与多种检测方法联用,以提高检测率和准确性。     

Separation and purification of S49 mouse lymphoma histones by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

A rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography procedure for the fractionation of histones from S49 mouse lymphoma cells is reported. The system utilizes a Vydac C4 macroporous column, heptafluorobutyric acid as solubilizing and ion-pairing agent, and an acetonitrile gradient. All five histone classes and several subclass species are separated, including two H1 species, H2B, two H2A species, H4, and two H3 species. Analytical to multimilligram semipreparative scale fractionations are demonstrated while maintaining resolution of all histone types.     

中国沟芫菁属分类研究及一新种记述(鞘翅目,芫菁科)

总结中国沟芫菁属Hycleus Latreille,1817并记述1新种:毛背沟芫菁Hycleus dorsetiferus sp.nov.及1新组合:多毛沟芫菁Hycleus hirtus(Tan,1992)comb.nov.。新种模式标本保存在河北大学博物馆。提供了中国已知种类的分种检索表。     

群落均匀度分形分析

修正了Frontier和Ricotta等关于有效物种丰富度指数A与物种丰富度指数S之间幂律关系的定义．探讨了A与S之间分形关系的生态学意义．认为分形维数D是群落均匀度测度值在物种数S不断增加的过程中．向其逼近的一个理论值;提出了利用双对数坐标上建立的A与S拟合直线的方程．对群落均匀度的4种变化趋势进行描述的方法。以广东黑石顶自然保护区森林演替系列为例．研究了针阔叶混交林和常绿阔叶林样带上．随着样带观察长度的逐渐增加群落均匀度的变化情况。结果表明．230m长的混交林样带只存在一个线性无标度区间．群落均匀度随样带长度的不断增加而逐渐降低．向分形维数D=0．810趋近。170m长的常绿阔叶林样带存在两个线性无标度区问．在0～25m的尺度域内．随着样带长度的逐渐增加均匀度不断降低．向分形维数D=0．525逼近;在30～170m的尺度域内．随着样带观察长度的增加．群落均匀度也逐渐增加．向分形维数D=0．920趋近。     

Larvae of four species of the Hyphydrus lyratus species-group (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae)

Abstract  The third instars of the Australian species Hyphydrus lyratus Swartz, H. contiguus Wehncke, H. elegans (Montrouzier) and H. decemmaculatus Wehncke (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscidae) are described, including a chaetotaxic analysis of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. Larvae of these species morphologically resemble other species of Hyphydrus Illiger for which the larvae have been described. A key to identify larvae of the Australian species of Hyphydrus is provided. Larvae of H. effeminatus Watts appear identical to those of H. decemmaculatus . A 822 bp fragment of the CO1 gene of larvae and adults of these species showed very slight differences, suggesting the possibility that, in Australia at least, H. decemmaculatus is polymorphic.     

A taxonomic review of the genus Hypocalymma (Myrtaceae)

The genus Hypocalymma endemic to Western Australia and comprising 22 species species including the widely cultivated Swan River Myrtle and Swamp Myrtle, is revised. Nine new species ( H. connatum, H. hirsutum, H, gardneri, H. jessicae, H. melaleucoides, H. serrulatum, H. sylvestris, H. tenuatum and H. uncinatum ), two new subspecies ( H. cordifolium subsp. minus and H. strictum subsp. elongatum ) and one new combination ( H. angustifolium subsp. longifolium ) are described or made. A key to all species is presented for this horticulturally significant genus.     

A revision of the genus Halectinosoma (Harpacticoida: Ectinosomatidae): a reappraisal of H. sarsi (Boeck) and related species

Ectinosomatid material was examined from extensive collections around the British Isles and from several additional world localities and museum collections, permitting a revision of the genus Halectinosoma. This paper describes 12 morphologically similar species and erects five new species. H. sarsi (Boeck) is regarded as species incertae sedis, while H. sarsi sensu Sars (1904) is redescribed as H. pseudosarsi sp. nov.; H. sarsi sensu T. & A. Scott (1894) is synonymized with H. canaliculatum (Por). H. propinquum is regarded as a junior subjective synonym of H. chrystalli (T. Scott). H. clavatum (Sars) is resurrected, having previously been regarded as a synonym of H. brunneum (Brady). A key for the identification of females belonging to this group of species is provided.     

Taxonomic status of a salamander species allied to Hynobius naevius and a reevaluation of Hynobius naevius yatsui (Amphibia, Caudata)

A Japanese small salamander, Hynobius naevius (Temminck and Schlegel, 1838), has recently proven to include two species (larger [A] and smaller [B]) that are reproductively isolated and are genetically and morphologically distinct from each other. Of these two species, Species A is considered to correspond to true H. naevius. To determine the name of Species B, we investigated five specimens stored at Kyushu University and concluded from the locality and date of collection that they represent syntypes of H. n. yatsui Oyama, 1947. Results of morphological comparisons indicated that the syntypes are identical with Species B. Because this species is distinct from Hynobius naevius at the species level, subspecies H. n. yatsui is elevated to full species rank as H. yatsui. To avoid taxonomic confusion, we designated one male among the syntypes as the lectotype and redescribed the species.     

Host-parasite relationships of the genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844 (Acari, Ixodidae) and their connection with microevolutionary process

Host-parasite relationships of Hyalomma species of the world fauna are analyzed. The majority of species infests predominately various mammals. Birds and reptiles are used as preferred hosts by several Hyalomma species, and only on certain stage: adults of H. aegyptium parasitize tortoises; immature stages of H. marginatum parasitize birds. It is hypothesized that relationships of H. aegyptium adults (subgenus Hyalomma s. str.) with reptiles are secondarily in origin. Immature stages of H. aegyptium retain the primary wide diapason of hosts, which are various small mammals, birds and reptiles. The life cycle of this species is the three-host type that is considered as a primary type in ixodid ticks. A typical scheme of relationships with their hosts in all well-examined Hyalommina species has following features: the adult stage parasitize large and medium sized mammals, immature stages parasitize small mammals, three-host life cycle. A variety of preferred hosts and types of life cycle is observed in the subgenus Euhyalomma. All species of this subgenus can be arranged into two groups. In the first group, the immature stages infest only small mammals and birds, and the adults parasitize large mammals; this type of host preferences is probably primary host-parasite relationships of Hyalomma. This group includes: H. albiparmatum, H. asiaticum, H. excavatum, H. franchinii, H. impeltatum, H. impressum, H. lusitanicum, H. marginatum, H. nitidum, H. schulzei, and H. truncatum. Hyalomma marginatum and H. schulzei are two-host species; H. excavatum is two- or three-host tick. All the remaining species (except H. albiparmatum, which life cycle is unknown) are three-host ticks. In the second group, the immature stages as well as the adult stage parasitize large mammals. This group includes: H. dromedarii, H. anatolicum, and H. scupense. These species are two- or one-host ticks.     

A taxonomic revision of the Hilara maura-group (Diptera: Empididae) in Europe

Abstract. The European species of the Hilara maura-group are revised. Three species are described as new to science, namely, H.nitidorella sp.n., H.discalis sp.n. (both temperate Central and Western Europe) and H.mauroides sp.n. (Caucasus, male only). A further five species, H.hybrida Collin, H.femorella Zetterstedt, H.sulcitarsis Strobl, H.tyrolensis Strobl and H.bartaki Straka are redescribed, and H.eumera Loew, 1873 becomes a new synonym of H.nitidula Zetterstedt, 1838. Seven lectotypes are designated. All IS European species are keyed, the main differential characters are illustrated, and additional data on biology and distribution are given. The Hilara maura-group is recognized as a monophyletic group within the genus, characterized by a set of apomorphous characters, and the hypothetical phylogenetic relationships of the species, classified into four natural complexes, are demonstrated.