中国茶渍属和石蕊属4新记录种

通过形态学及化学研究,结合nrDNA ITS序列的系统发育分析,该文报道了茶渍属(Lecanora Ach.)和石蕊属(Cladonia P. Browne)地衣4中国新记录种：莱氏茶渍(Lecanora layana Lendemer)、白头山茶渍(L. baekdudaeganensis B. G. Lee&Hur)、伪银茶渍(L. pseudargentata Lumbsch)和草皮石蕊[Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey&Scherb.]。该文对这些物种的分类学特征进行了详细描述,并与相似种进行了对比,同时提供了各种的地理分布图和形态图。这为中国茶渍属和石蕊属地衣物种多样性及资源利用提供了基础资料。     

中国石蕊科地衣多样性与区系研究

通过实地调查我国华北、 西南等地区的石蕊科地衣多样性,结合前人的研究资料,从物种多样性、 生境、区系成分等多方面对我国石蕊科地衣进行研究.结果显示,我国石蕊科地衣共有5属107种,其中石蕊属(Cladonia)占优势,有94种,占石蕊科地衣总种数的87.9％.共鉴定出山西省新记录8种,云南省新记录种3种.石蕊科地衣生境...     

两种地衣植物的化合物分析

本文报道石蕊科石蕊属的两种地衣植物的化学成分,我们从软石蕊(Cladonia mitis),石蕊(Cladonia rangiferina)中分离鉴定了五个化合物,它们分别是左旋和右旋松萝酸、黑茶浸素、原地衣硬酸、环萝酸、蛋氨酸乙酯;上述资料对开发利用该植物资源提供了科学依据。     

黑龙江省五大连池枝状地衣多样性

报道了五大连池地区枝状地衣4属32种,其中圆鳞石蕊(Cladonia trassii Ahti)为中国新记录种,裸柄石蕊(Cladonia gymnopoda Vain.)为中国大陆新记录种,7种为黑龙江省新记录种。对32种地衣地理成分进行了分析,分属于6个地理成分:环北极成分(50%),广布成分(25%),东亚成分(9%),欧亚成分(6%),泛热带成分(6%),中国特有成分(3%);并对32种地衣的基物及分布特点进行了简要分析。     

大别山地衣研究概况

对采自大别山的19属57种地衣进行了分类学整理和化学物质分析,其中报道了安徽省和大别山地衣新记录2种。在所采集大别山的地衣标本中数量最多的是肉疣衣属Ochrolechia、石蕊属Cladonia和肺衣属Lobaria。利用显色反应和薄层层析TLC方法,共检出7种地衣物质,其中以含黑茶渍素成分的种类较多。文中对2个新记录种的特征、分布和生态信息进行简要描述。     

新疆阿勒泰山两河源自然保护区地面生地衣的物种多样性

阿勒泰山地是我国著名水系额尔齐斯河和乌伦古河的发源地,该山地地衣植物的研究在中国乃至中亚都占有非常重要的科学地位。新疆阿勒泰山两河源自然保护区位于阿勒泰山东段,气候在新疆最为潮湿,其地衣植物种类十分丰富。作者在该保护区选择6个植被带类型,即山地荒漠带、山地草原带、针阔混交林带、针叶林带、亚高山草甸带、高山草甸带,研究了其地面生地衣植物的物种多样性特征。结果表明:阿勒泰山两河源自然保护区地衣植物区系成分丰富而且复杂,共有地面生地衣植物5科6属46种,以石蕊科种类最为丰富,约32种。该地区不同植被带类型下地面生地衣植物物种的S?renson相似性系数在0.200–0.739之间,以针阔混交林和针叶林带的相似性为最高(0.739),针阔混交林和高山草甸带地衣植物物种相似性最低(0.200)。各植被带地衣优势种中白边岛衣(Cetrarialaeuigata)、林鹿蕊(Cladoniaarbuscula)、佐木氏珊瑚枝(Stereocaulonsasakii)、鳞地卷(Peltigeralepido-phora)、喇叭粉石蕊(Cladoniachlorophaea)、东方鹿蕊(Cladinagrisea)等的重要值在0.5以上,其余优势种的重要值均在0.5以下;山地森林带地衣植物物种多样性最为丰富,在整个阿勒泰山两河源自然保护区地面生地衣植物群落中占据优势地位,为该地区地衣植物多样性的分布中心,是地衣植物多样性保护的关键地区。     

中国石蕊科地衣研究之五中国石蕊属地衣一新种

本文报道了产于中国西南地区的石蕊属地衣一新种:亚厚叶石蕊(Cladoniasubincrassata S.Y.Guo),其主要的次生代谢产物为松萝酸和泽屋菇.文中还从形态、化学和地理分布方面将新种和邻近种厚叶石蕊(Cladonia incrassata)进行了比较.     

太白山药用地衣的种质资源及其化学成分的研究概况

地衣是低等植物的重要类群,为菌藻共生体,全世界已知有500多属26 000余种,中国有232属1 766种.我国历代本草记载药用地衣约200种,著名的有石蕊、松萝等,秦岭太白山有药用地衣37种,其中常用13种.其主要成分为地衣多糖和地衣酸,具有抗肿瘤、抗辐射及抗菌等生物活性,太白山药用地衣是陕西民间中草药的重要组成部分,具有一定的开发应用潜力.     

中国新疆博格达山周边地区大型地衣物种多样性及分布特征

本研究对中国新疆博格达山周边地区大型地衣进行地衣分类学和生态学结合的综合研究,通过分析大型地衣物种多样性和分布特征,探讨影响地衣分布的环境变量与生态因子。研究结果表明:(1)分布在博格达山周边地区的大型地衣共有43种,隶属于6目、11科、15属,其中茶渍目和黄枝衣目大型地衣占优势,分别占该地区大型地衣科、属、种总数的55%、67%、81%。(2)博格达山周边地区的大型地衣组成5个样点组,分别是蓝灰蜈蚣衣+裂片石黄衣组、细片石黄衣+亚灰大孢蜈蚣衣组、长缘毛蜈蚣衣+菊叶黄梅组、地卷+暗裂芽黑蜈蚣衣组、黑蜈蚣衣+枪石蕊组,样点组的分布与环境因子密切相关。(3)在影响大型地衣分布的环境因素中海拔对地衣种类分布的影响较显著。本研究为更准确地确定博格达山区大型地衣分布规律提供科学依据。     

两种地衣植物的化合物分析

本报道石蕊科石蕊属的两种地衣植物的化学成分,我们从钦石蕊（Ｃｌａｄｏｎｉａ ｍｉｔｉｓ）,石蕊（Ｃｌａｄｏｎｉａ ｒａｎｇｉｆｅｒｉｎａ）中分离鉴定了五个化合物,它们分别是基旋和右旋松萝酸、黑茶浸素、原地衣硬酸、环萝酸、蛋氨酸乙酸;上述资料对开发利用该植物资源提供了科学依据。     

Niche characteristics ofCladonia lichens associated with geothermal vents in Japan

To characterize the niche preferences ofCladonia species associated with geothermal areas, we sampled ten thermal areas in Japan. It appears from the current study and related studies that some members of theCladonia genus can have a wide tolerance for both soil temperature and pH conditions.Cladonia mitis is the most abundantCladonia and occurs throughout most of the vent system.Cladonia theiophila occurs most frequently at a soil pH of less than 3.5, but occurs mostly at lower soil surface temperatures (below 29°C).Cladonia floerkeana is very restricted in its distribution and is most abundant where the root zone temperature (15 cm) is above 70°C, the surface temperature is above 40°C, and the pH is 5–5.5. Tolerances to low pH, high soil temperatures, and low to moderate humidity permitCladonia species to grow where vascular plants and even mosses cannot grow and thus they avoid the competition such plants would provide to these slow-growing organisms. Contribution from the Phytotaxonomical and Geobotanical Laboratory, Hiroshima University, N. Ser. No. 390.     

Phylogenetic analysis of the generaCladonia andCladina (Cladoniaceae, lichenizedAscomycota)

A cladistic analysis of 44 species of the generaCladina andCladonia is presented.Pycnothelia papillaria, Cladia aggregata andC. retipora were used as outgroup taxa. The consensus of all equally parsimonious trees suggests a common ancestral origin for species inCladonia andCladina while the generaPycnothelia andCladia cluster outside this group. The results do not support distinction ofCladina at genus level although it is distinguished as a monophyletic group but within the genusCladonia. The current sectional division ofCladonia is not supported. SectionsCocciferae andHelopodium are best supported but even these groups as currently delimited seem to in include elements that are more closely related to species of the other sections, e.g.C. carneola of sect.Cocciferae andC. pityrophylla of sect.Helopodium. Sections such asUnciales andPerviae seem to be artificial assemblages. In general the evolutionary scheme of the genus seems to be more complicated than revealed by the current sectional division.     

中国石蕊科地衣研究之四石蕊属地衣新种及中国新记录

摘要:本文报道了中国横断山地区石蕊属地衣12种,其中新种1个:贡嘎石蕊(Cladonia ngganensis S.Y. Guo & Wei),中国新记录11种:类黄粉石蕊(Cl. bacilliformis),比蒙氏石(Cl. beaumontii),小棍棒石蕊(Cl. clavulifera),圆筒石蕊(Cl. cylindrica),具粉石蕊(Cl. farinacea),北海道石蕊(Cl. hokkaidensis),厚叶石蕊(Cl. incrassata),大叶石蕊(Cl. macrophylla),丛杯石蕊( Cl. mateocyatha),多孔石蕊(Cl. multiformis)和亚石蕊(Cl. subrangiformis)。对于每一种的化学成分及地理分布进行了测定和分析。     

Relations between understorey vegetation,site productivity,and environmental factors in Pinus sylvestris L. stands in southern Finland

Relations between understorey vegetation, site productivity, and environmental factors in mature stands of Pinus sylvestris L. in southern Finland were studied using data from 234 sample plots. The (weighted) Pearson product-moment correlation between site index and the first ordination axis of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was 0.83. The correlation was clearly better where site index was above 21 m (r=0.83) than where it was less (r=0.33). Partial canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that the residual compositional variation, not related to site fertility as expressed by site index, can be partly ascribed to high moisture regime with poor drainage (paludification), soil deposit type, soil stoniness, and macroclimate, and in part to unexplained sources. The unique influence of canopy cover on the vegetation composition was non-significant (p<0.05) and that of stand age too small to be detected in the vegetation data. The results support Cajander's forest site type theory according to which there exists a dominant relationship between understorey vegetation and site productivity in boreal forest ecosystems. Cladonia sectio Cladonia lichens, exluding Cladonia uncialis, were treated collectively, and abbreviated as Cladonia spp. The most frequent of these species were C. gracilis, C. cornuta, C. fimbriata, C. deformis, C. cenotea, C. botrytes, C. crispata, C. pyxidata, C. cornuta, and C. furcata.     

A REVISION OF THE GENUS GYMNODERMA

Gymnoderma, which has been considered a monotypic genus, is composed of three species. G. insulare is described from Japan and differs from G. coccocarpum of southeastern Asia in being smaller and having a thicker cortex with didymic acid present. G. lineare from the Southern Appalachians is transferred from Cladonia because the podetia lack symbiotic algae, are solid, and are located on the marginal lower side of the thallus. Gymnoderma, including three species and possibly representing an ancestral form of Cladonia, is disjunctively distributed in eastern Asia and the Southern Appalachians. G. coccocarpum is reported from Thailand and Borneo for the first time.     

石蕊属某些地衣共生菌的培养研究

本文对石蕊属15个种子囊孢子进行了培养特性的研究.所有种子囊孢子均在12小时内萌发,并且前7-15天生长迅速,以后逐渐缓慢.随着培养时间增长.分离物可形成有特征性的菌落形态和色素,利用生长型和菌落及培养基中色素产生情况可将不同分离物区分开.对石蕊属的常规培养很有希望成为识别该属成员的有用特征.     

Cladonia lichens as the most effective and essential pioneers in strongly contaminated slag dumps

The epigeic lichen biota of ten post-smelting slag dumps were studied to identify the ecological importance of Cladonia species in spontaneous succession within artificial areas. Species diversity, abundance, constancy and cover indices were determined at the initial stages of vegetation establishment. Substrates under lichen vegetation were characterised in terms of the pH, organic C and total N content, C/N ratio and Zn, Pb, Cd and As concentration. Species occurrence and abundance indices were related to habitat type, enabling the ability to identify species-specific responses to environmental factors. Despite the unfavourable and artificial habitat conditions at dump sites, some Cladonia appear abundant and form swards, with Cladonia rei as a dominant species. They appear to be well-adapted for slag substrate and their special arrangement illustrative of site contamination. Certain sward-forming Cladonia lichens play a fundamental role as effective pioneers in the initial stage of succession and provide stable plant cover development.