番荔枝科蚁花属和澄广花属叶的比较解剖学研究

利用扫描电镜技术,叶片离析方法和石蜡切片法对蚁花属1种和澄广花属9种植物叶的形态结构进行比较研究。结果表明,两属植物有许多相似之处,但又有以下一些显著不同;蚁花属植物叶表皮细胞均具一晶族,叶肉组织中具1-2层栅栏组织细胞,油细胞均匀分布在栅栏组织和海绵组织中,栅栏组织在主脉处不连续,而澄广花属植物叶的表皮细胞内具一单斜晶,叶肉组织中具1层栅栏组织细胞,油细胞仅分布在海绵组织中,栅栏组织在主脉处连续,结果为蚁花属和澄广花属的分类学处理提供了新证据。     

Identifying clades in Asian Annonaceae: monophyletic genera in the polyphyletic Miliuseae

The tribe Miliuseae (Annonaceae) comprises six genera distributed in Asia: Alphonsea, Mezzettia, Miliusa, Orophea, Platymitra, and Phoenicanthus. A phylogenetic study to investigate the putative monophyly of the tribe and the intergeneric relationships is presented here. Nucleotide sequences of the plastid gene rbcL, trnL intron, and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer were analyzed from 114 Annonaceae taxa, including 24 Miliuseae species and two outgroups using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. The two data sets (rbcL and the trnL-trnF regions) were analyzed separately and in combination. Miliuseae were found to be polyphyletic due to the position of Mezzettia and are part of a large, predominantly Asian and Central-American clade (miliusoid clade). Although intergeneric relationships were poorly resolved, all genera, except Polyalthia, were monophyletic, supporting previous generic delimitation based on morphology. A group of three Polyalthia species seems the most likely sister group of Miliusa. Several infrageneric groups of Miliusa, Orophea, and Polyalthia are supported by both molecular and morphological data. No morphological synapomorphies have yet been found for the miliusoid clade. Molecular clades within the miliusoid clade, however, can be characterized by size and the shape of the outer petals, number of ovules per carpel, and the size of the fruits.     

中国番荔枝科省级分布新记录

报道了11种番荔枝科植物在我国6个省区的新分布,其中福建分布新记录是喙果皂帽花(Dasymaschalon rostratum);广东分布新记录是海南鹰爪(Artabotrys hainanensis);海南分布新记录是上思瓜馥木(Fissistigmas,Shangtzeense)和天堂瓜馥木(F.tientangense)：广西分布新记录是海南鹰爪、喙果鹰爪(A．rhynchocarpus)、云南澄广花(Orophea yunnanensis)、陵水暗罗(Polyalthia nemoralis)和腺叶暗罗(P.simiarum);云南分布新记录是天堂瓜馥木、澄广花(O．hainanensis)和瘤果紫玉盘(Uvara kweichowensis);西藏分布新记录是云南野独活(Miliusa tenttistipitata)。     

Studies in African Cyperaceae 32. Cyperus rheophyticus, sp. nov.

A new species, Cyperus rheophyticus , is described from seasonally submerged habitats in forest streams and rivers in South West Cameroon (500–1350 m). Cyperus rheophyticus is most similar to C. brevifolius ssp. brevifolius (syn. Kyllinga brevifolius ), a less slender species with a stronger rhizome, larger spikeiets and glumes with a spinose keel; also the anther and achene are larger in that species.     

中国番荔枝科囊瓣木族植物叶片脉序比较观察

中路番荔枝科囊辦木族植物共有5属10种,其中有囊辦木属Saccopetalum Benn.,野独活屈Miliusa Lesch.ex A.DC.,蚁花届Mezzettiopsis Ridl.,澄广花属Orophea B1.等属的分类位置仍存在着一些争议。本文对它们有争议的4个屈进行了叶片脉序比较观察,提供分类一个辅佐证据。     

Haramonas viridissp. nov. (Raphidophyceae, Heterokontophyta), a new sand-dwelling raphidophyte from cold temperate waters

A new, marine, sand‐dwelling raphidophyte from Sylt, Germany, Haramonas viridis Horiguchi et Hoppenrath sp. nov. is described. This represents a second species in the previously monotypic genus Haramonas, which was originally described from a sand sample from a mangrove river mouth in tropical Australia, based on the type species, H. dimorpha. This new species from a cold temperate region: (i) possesses a tubular invagi‐nation in the posterior part of the cell; (ii) produces copious amounts of mucilage in culture; (iii) possesses both motile and non‐motile stages in its life cycle; and (iv) has overlapping discoidal chloroplasts, all of which are diagnostic features of the genus Haramonas. Therefore, it is indisputable that this species belongs to this genus. However, the species from Sylt differs from the type species of the genus in: (i) having a larger cell size; (ii) possessing a larger number of chloroplasts; and (iii) being greenish in color. The ultrastructural study revealed that the structure of the tubular invagi‐nation was the same as that of the type species.     

Sobolevitaenia japonensis n. sp. (Dilepididae: Dilepidinae) from a dusky thrush, Turdus naumanni eunomus Temminck, in Oita Prefecture, Japan

Sobolevitaenia japonensis n. sp. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) is described from eight specimens from the small intestine of a dusky thrush, Turdus naumanni eunomus Temminck, collected at Beppu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan. S. japonensis most closely resembles S. moldavica among the 11 species now assigned to the genus Sobolevitaenia, from which it is distinguished by a smaller number of proglottids, a larger scolex and a smaller number of testes of larger size, and a larger vitelline gland.     

The life cycle of Asymphylodora perccotti sp. n. (Trematoda: Lissorchiidae) in the Russian Southern Far East

Specimens of Asymphylodora perccotti sp. n. (Trematoda: Lissorchidae) were found in the esophagus of the freshwater fish Perccottus glenii (Odobantidae) taken from the Bolshaya Ussurka River Basin (Primorsky Region, Russian Southern Far East). The first intermediate host of this trematode is a gastropod, Parafossarulus manchouricus, and the secondary hosts are the same mollusk and Boreoelona ussuriensis. Specimens of the new species are similar to A. amnicolae identified by Stunkard in 1959, but the mature worms have larger suckers and shorter ceca. The cercariae of these species are distinguished by body, suckers and pharynx size. These organs in A. perccotti sp. n. are more than one-third larger than what is observed in A. amnicolae. In addition, the new species lacks the capacity for progenesis. Finally, the new species is unusual in that it resides in the fish esophagus instead of the intestine, as is common for most Asymphylodora species. Partial ribosomal DNA sequences and phylogenetic reconstruction sequence data indicate that these worms represent a new digenean species.     

Paramecium jenningsi, n. sp.

SYNOPSIS. A new species of Paramecium, P. jenningsi , n. sp., from South India, is described. It is like P. aurelia except that nuclei are larger, the cell size is somewhat larger, and the macronuclear anlagen ("placentae") have long-persisting chromatinic centers.     

Allopodocotyle skoliorchis n. sp. (Opecoelidae: Plagioporinae) from Parequula melbournensis (Castelnau) (Gerreidae), a temperate marine fish in Australian waters

A new species of Allopodocotyle Pritchard, 1966 is described from the intestine and pyloric caeca of Parequula melbournensis (Gerreidae) caught from the waters off South and Western Australia. The new species is distinguished from other species by its larger eggs, broader form, pre-bifurcal genital pore and a number of other measurable features that are discussed. Of the species that share morphological similarities with Allopodocotyle skoliorchis n. sp., it is the only species known from a gerreid; all the other species are from serranids.     

康马毛茛, 中国西藏毛茛科一新种

该文描述了自西藏南部发现的毛茛科毛茛属一新种,康马毛茛(Ranunculus kangmaensis)。此新种与特产云南的梅里山毛茛(R. meilixuoshanicus KadotaMing)近缘,两者的区别是康马毛茛的花葶较高,叶较大,3深裂,花具8枚且较大,并具较长爪的花瓣。     

Glypthelmins poncedeleoni n. sp. (Trematoda: Macroderoididae) of amphibians from the neotropical region of México.

A new species of Glypthelmins (Trematoda: Macroderoididae) is described from the intestine of Bufo marinus and Leptodactylus melanonotus from several localities of the Neotropical Region of Mexico. Glypthelmins poncedeleoni n. sp. can be differentiated from other species of the genus by having extracecally distributed vitellaria, ovary always larger than testes, and vitelline follicles grouped in 7 post-testicular, nonoverlapping, rosette-like clusters and 5 pretesticular overlapping clusters.     

桂西南蚬木群落优势树种分布与环境因子的关系

蚬木(Excentrodendron hsienmu)是广泛分布于桂西南喀斯特山地的优良用材树种,了解影响蚬木群落物种分布的主要环境因子,对蚬木资源的有效保护具有重要意义。该研究基于桂西南蚬木群落的样地调查,测定了样地中乔木树种的重要值以及海拔、坡度、坡向、土壤养分等8个环境因子,采用Pearson相关分析研究了地形与土壤等环境因子间的相互关系,运用典范对应分析(CCA)方法对群落主要树种与环境因子间的关系进行了排序。结果表明:调查共记录到胸径≥1.0 cm、树高≥1.5 m的立木共176种,隶属于50科128属;群落乔木层以蚬木占绝对优势,主要伴生种有广西澄广花(Orophea anceps)、金丝李(Garcinia paucinervis)、割舌树(Walsura robusta)、苹婆(Sterculia nobilis)。相关分析显示海拔与土壤有机质、全氮间呈极显著正相关;除土壤pH之外,其余土壤肥力因子间均呈极显著正相关。CCA分析显示全钾、全磷对群落优势种的分布影响最为显著,坡向、坡度对优势种分布也具有重要作用。该研究结果揭示了影响蚬木群落物种分布的主要环境因子,为该区域的植被恢复措施提供了科学依据。     

Haliotrema cupensis n. sp. (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalidae) from a marine gobiid (Teleostei, Perciformes) of the Mediterranean coast

We describe a new ancyrocephalid monogenean, Haliotrema cupensis n. sp., from a marine gobiid, Gobius cobitis (Pallas) from the Mediterranean Sea. This species differs from the other members of the genus by the morphology of the penis and accessory piece, the haptoral ornamentation and by possessing a larger testis. This is the first report of an ancyrocephalid on a marine gobiid and of a Haliotrema species in the Mediterranean Sea.     

A new species of Spermacoce (Rubiaceae) from the Manika high plateau (Katanga; R. D. Congo)

Spermacoce manikensis , a new species from Katanga (R. D. Congo) is described and illustrated. Special attention is given to anatomy of the primary root and pollen and seed morphology. The species is mainly characterised by the geoxylic habit, large flowers arranged in two-or three-flowered inflorescences, and seeds with a basal elaiosome. It is closely related to Spermacoce stipularis , from which it differs in its more robust taproot and habit, longer leaves, larger fruits, and 10–13(-14)- aperturate pollen grains. The species is found on the Kalahari sands of the Manika high plateau in suffrutex grassland.     

Oxygen transport during exercise in large mammals. I. Adaptive variation in oxygen demand

This study investigated mechanisms used by horses and steers to increase O2 uptake and delivery (VO2) from resting to maximal rates and identified the mechanisms that enable horses to achieve higher maximal rates of O2 consumption (VO2max) than steers. VO2 and circulatory variables were measured while Standardbred trotting horses and steers (450-kg body mass) stood quietly and ran on a treadmill at speeds up to those eliciting VO2max. As VO2 increased in both species, heart rate and circulating hemoglobin (Hb) concentration increased, thereby increasing O2 delivery by the circulation, while cardiac stroke volume remained unchanged. At VO2max arterial PCO2 increased from its resting value in horses but was unchanged in steers, and arterial PO2 decreased in both species. Although the horses hypoventilated and were hypoxemic at VO2max, no significant decrease in arterial Hb saturation occurred. VO2max of the horses was 2.6 times higher than that of the steers and was associated with a 100% larger cardiac output, 100% larger stroke volume, and 40% higher Hb concentration, whereas heart rates at VO2max were identical in the two species. The higher cardiac output of the horses at VO2max resulted from a 1.2-fold higher mean arterial pressure and 1.6-fold lower peripheral tissue resistance (associated with a larger skeletal muscle capillary bed). Both the magnitude of the difference in VO2max between horses and steers and the mechanisms used to achieve it are the same as observed in smaller pairs of mammalian species with large variation in aerobic capacity.     

Pleuromeia from the lower triassic of the far east of the U.S.S.R.

Pleuromeia obrutschewii Elias from Russian Island (Russkiy Ostrov, near Vladivostok) is hardly distinguishable from the European P. sternbergii (Muenster) Corda. The sporangia are adaxial, filling spoon-like depressions of the megasporophylls which have sterile tips. P. olenekensis sp. nov. from the Olenek River (northeastern Siberia) has larger sporangia and much larger megaspores with three-layered walls. The outer layer (ectexosporium) is reticulate. It is assumed that in other species this layer is lacking due to imperfect preservation. Mature megasporophylls, when shed, have a buoy-like shape and are often deposited together with cephalopod shells. This suggests a special mechanism of propagation by means of megasporophylls dispersed by water currents. The cosmopolitan distribution of Pleuromeia points to weakened climatic zonation in the Early Triassic.     

Rotala tulunadensis sp. nov. (Lythraceae) from Kerala,India

A new aquatic species of the family Lythraceae (Rotala tulunadensis) collected from the lateritic plateau at Permude, Kerala, India is described and illustrated. It is closely allied to R. pterocalyx A. Raynal, but differs in having larger leaves, calyx tube not stretching laterally to include the capsule, calyx without interjected folds in fruit and larger petals.     

Pentagonia zhangduensis nov. spec. (Lobosea, Arcellinida), a new freshwater species from China

The morphology of a new testate amoeba Pentagonia zhangduensis nov. spec. was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. The new species was discovered in the sediments of Lake Zhangdu, Hubei Province, China. The low coefficients of variation and normal size frequency distribution suggest that P. zhangduensis is a size-monomorphic species. P. zhangduensis differs from the one other species in this genus (P. maroccana), by its larger size and its quadrangular cross section with two parallel longitudinal ridges on each of the two flattened sides of the test.