Systematics of Schistopterini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae), with descriptions of new genera and species

Abstract. The systematics of tribe Schistopterini (Diptera: Tephritidae) is reviewed and discussed, and a key is given to the fourteen current genera, of which four are new. A cladogram of the type species of the genera plus all other species of one of the new genera ( Microtreta ) is presented, supporting the monophyly of Microtreta .
The new genera include Calloptera (type species Rhabdochaeta asteria Hendel), Microtreta (type species Microtreta fini , sp.n.), Melanopterella (type species Rhabdochaeta nigra Bezzi) and Schistotephritis (type species Camaromyia acrophthalma Bezzi). Microtreta is treated comprehensively; its constituents, deemingi, fini, frontale, jeffreyi and longicornis (all new species), are described from East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Host plants, all of genus Vernonia (Asteraceae), are recorded for the four East African species. Characters of immature stages are described for M. longicornis . Eighteen new combinations are made.     

Taxonomic Studies on the Marine Genera Aktedrilus Knöllner and Bacescuella Hrabe' (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae), with Descriptions of Seven New Species

The taxonomy and morphology of Aktedrilus Knöllner, 1935 and Bacescuella Hrabe' 1973 (subfamily Phallodrilinae), both common genera of the marine, littoral meiofauna, were studied on the basis of material from various geographical areas. A. monospermathecus Knöllner, 1935 is redescribed from France and Scotland. A. magnus sp.n., A. hrevis sp.n., A. curvipenis sp.n. and A. floridensis sp.n. are described from Italy, Brazil, France and Florida, respectively. Two very closely related forms are described from the Pacific: A. locyi sp.n. (California) and A. parviprostatus sp.n. (Great Barrier Reef). B. mediterranea sp.n. is described from Italy, and new European records are given forB. arclica Erséus, 1978 andfi. parvithecata Erséus, 1978. Both genera are characterized by having two pairs of prostate glands, well developed penes, and unpaired, mid-dorsal spermatheca (if present). The species of Bacescuella transfer their sperm by means of external spermatophores, structures that are not developed in Aktedrilus. The eight species of Aktedrilus are largely distinguished by means of the morphology of the spermatheca, penes and prostates. The four species of Bacescuella differ principally from each other in the length of the vasa deferentia, and in the morphology of the prostates and copulatory organs. Most Bacescuella species lack spermatheca.     

Revision of the Genera Apicalia A. Adams and Stilapex lredale and Description of Two New Genera (Mollusca, Prosobranchia, Eulimidae)

All species that have been described in Apicalia , except the type-species, are transferred to other eulimid genera. Three species earlier included in other genera and four new species are placed in Apicalia , viz. A. angulata sp.n. A, cicatricosa sp.n. A. echinasteri sp.n. (all three Queensland), and A. habei sp.n. (Japan). Those of which the hosts are known are all ectoparasites of asteroids. Two of the seven species previously included in Stilapex are excluded and four species earlier placed in other genera are transferred to Stilapex . The members of the latter genus are parasites of ophiuroids. Tropiometricola gen.n. is erected to include Stilifer sphaeroconcha Habe, a crinoid parasite. Parvioris gen.n. is described with Eulima fulvescens A. Adams as type species. A list of species described in eulimid genera and fitting Parvioris is given. P. australiensis sp.n. (W. Australia), P. blakeae sp.n. (Mauritius), P. mortoni sp.n. (Hong Kong), and P. noumeae sp.n. (New Caledonia) are described. Those species of which the host is known, are all ectoparasites of starfishes.     

Ciliate Protozoa in the Rumen of Sassaby Antelope, Damaliscus lunatus lunatus, Including the Description of a New Species and Form

ABSTRACT. Composition of rumen ciliate fauna in five Zambian, sassaby antelopes was determined. Six genera, 18 species, and four forms were identified. One new species and form, belonging to the subfamily Diplodiniinae, were found, then labeled Ostracodinium damaliscus n. sp. and Diplodinium bubalidis f. aspinosum n. f., respectively. Only ophryoscolecid species were present while isotrichids were absent. Twelve of 18 total species are commmonly found in African antelopes. Three of those 12 species, Entodinium fyferi, Enoploplastron garstangi and Opisthotrichum janus , are only found in African antelopes. Percentage composition was low in the genera ml of rumen fluid, and the average number of ciliate species per host was 17.2.     

Anatomy and Taxonomy of Some Species of Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from N. Atlantic and Mediterranean Coastal Areas

Acrorhynchides styliferus sp.n. from Norway and the British Isles and Polycystis contorta sp.n. and Typhlopolycystis coomansi sp.n. from Norway and the Mediterranean are described. Additional notes are given on the anatomy and distribution of Paracrorhynchus bergensis Karling, Polycystis groenlandica (Levinsen), P. crocea (Fabricius) and Typhlopolycystis mediterranea Brunet. The taxonomy of the species and the corresponding genera is discussed.     

Taxonomic Notes on Some Australian Ostracods with Description of New Species

The following ostracods from Australian inland waters are described: Limnocythere mowbrayensis Chapman, 1914, Limnocythere porphyretica sp.n. Zonocypretta kalimna gen. et sp.n. Diacypris spinosa sp.n. D. dictyote sp.n. D. phoxe sp.n. The taxonomic position of each of the genera mentioned above is discussed and all the Australian Diacypris species are reviewed. Ecological data for some of these species are also provided     

New Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) from the North Atlantic Ocean. VI. Eight New Species of the Genera Paranannopus Lang and Cylindronannopus Coull (Cletodidae)

Paranannopus trisetosus sp.n., P. singulosetosus sp.n., P. denticulatus sp.n., P. uniarticulatus sp.n., P. variabilis sp.n., P. kunzi sp.n. and Cylindronunnopus bispinosus sp.n. are described and classified to the three evolutionary groups within the genus Paranannopus. P. variabilis, P. kunzi and P. hicksi belong to the first evolutionary group with Enp P2-P4 3:3:2-segmented. All three species differ from each other and the closely related species in the setation of the swimming legs P1-P5 and to some extent in the segmentation of the Al. P. trisetosus belongs to the second group with Enp P2-P4 2-segmented, and it differs from the closely related P. atlanticus Coull in the setation of the segment 2 Exp P1, P4 and of the P5. P. singulosetosus, P. uniarticulatus and P. denriculutus represent the third evolutionary group with at most I-segmented Enp P2-P4. They differ from each other in the segmentation of the Enp P2-P4 and the setation of the swimming legs P2-P4 and to some extent in the segmentation of the Exp A2. Cylindronunnopus bispinosus differs from the closely related species C. elongatus (Becker et al. ) comb.n. in the setation of the P5. Updated keys are given for both genera. All species were collected at the Iceland-Faroe Ridge from depths between 435 and 2500 m.     

Intestinal Ciliated Protozoa of African Rhinoceros: Two New Genera and Five New Species from the White Rhino (Ceratotherium simum Burchell, 1817)1

This report represents the first published information on intestinal ciliated protozoa in the African white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum Burchell, 1817). Two new genera which do not relate to any known ciliated protozoa from the intestines of mammals and five new species are described. The ciliates were found in the colon of three of these free-living hindgut-fermenting grazers that were shot in widely spaced districts in southern Africa. Phalodinium digitalis n. gen., n. sp., Arachnodinium noveni n. gen., n. sp., Monoposthium vulgaris n. sp., M. bracchium n. sp., and M. latus n. sp. constituted between 1% and 10% of the total ciliate population (ca. 1 × 10⁵/ml digesta) in the ascending colon. Exceedingly small numbers were observed in the descending colon, indicating temporary accommodation only.     

Ciliate Protozoa in the Rumen of Kenyan Zebu Cattle,Bos taurus indicus,with the Description of Four New Species1

ABSTRACT. The composition of the fauna of rumen ciliates in zebu cattle in Kenya was surveyed and 13 genera containing 51 species with 19 formae were identified. Four new species were recognized, then described as Diplodinium africanum n. sp., Diplodinium nanum n. sp., Eudiplodinium kenyensis n. sp., and Ostracodinium iwawoi n. sp. In addition, Buetschlia triciliata and Ostracodinium stokyi were found for the second and third times and described as Hsiungia triciliata n. comb. and Enoploplastron stokyi n. stat., with two formae, respectively. The species composition was similar to that of Indian zebu but several species were considered to originate from African native ruminants. In the percentage composition of genera, the numbers of Entodinium, which normally predominate in rumens in other areas, were very low.     

Two New Species and Two Newly Recorded Species of Anthribidae (Coleoptera) from Korea

This paper describes two new species of the Anthribidae from Korea, Euparius koreanus n. sp. and Uncifer angulatus n. sp. Two other species, Eucorynus crassicornis (Fabricius) and Habrissus analis Morimoto are new to the fauna of Korea. Their important features are illustrated. The genera, Uncifer, Eucorynus, and Habrissus are newly recognized from Korea.     

Entodiniomorph Ciliates from the Stomach of Hippopotamus amphibius, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Three New Species

Entodiniomorph ciliates, belonging to the family Cycloposthiidae, are described from the stomach contents of Hippopotamus amphibius. Monoposthium acanthum gen. n., sp. n., with typical cycloposthiid structure, differs from other genera in having only 1 caudalium. Parentodinium gen. n., represented by P. africanum sp. n. and P. ostrea sp. n., although superficially resembling Entodinium, is considered to be a relatively unspecialized cycloposthiid.     

Report on the Polycystididae (Rhabdocoela, Kalyptorhynchia) from Australia, with the Description of Twelve New Species and Six New Genera

Twelve new species of Polycystididae Graff, 1905 are described from the Australian east coast. Nine of them could not be placed in any of the existing genera, and therefore six new genera are erected. Alchoides n. gen. differs from all other polycystidid genera by the presence of a bundle of glands that opens into the distal part of the male atrium (accessory vesicle type V). Two species are included in the genus, A. alchoides n. sp. and A. dittmannae n. sp., which differ from each other in the shape of the stylet. Ametochus gehrkei n. gen n. sp. can be distinguished from other polycystidids by the presence of a prostate vesicle type III associated with a prostate stylet type III, combined with the presence of an accessory stylet type III, while a prostate stylet type II is lacking. Typical for Arrawarria inexpectata n. gen n. sp. is the combined presence of an armed cirrus with a prostate vesicle type II connected to a prostate stylet type II. Two species are assigned to the new genus Duplexostylus n. gen.: D. rowei n. sp. and D. winsori n. sp. These two species have two unique features: a prostate vesicle type IV directly connected to a prostate stylet type III and an asymmetrical septum that surrounds the proximal part of the male atrium. They can be distinguished from each other by differences in the detailed construction of their stylets. Two new species are placed in the new genus Stradorhynchus n. gen.: S. caecus n. sp. and S. terminalis n. sp. They have unpaired gonads and a prostate vesicle type IV connected to a prostate stylet type IV, which combination of characters makes them unique within the Polycystididae. The two species differ from each other in the shape and size of the stylet. Triaustrorhynchus armatus n. gen., n. sp. is the first species of the Polycystididae to have three types of stylet in the male atrium: a prostate stylet type II, a prostate stylet type III and an accessory stylet type III. Three new species could be placed in existing genera: Cincturorhynchus monaculeus n. sp., Paraustrorhynchus caligatus n. sp. and Polycystis australis n. sp. All three differ from their congeners in the form and dimensions of their stylets. All newly described species are discussed, giving their similarities and differences with resembling species. Austrorhynchus hawaiiensis Karling, 1977 is reported for the first time in Australia, and the Australian population is compared with populations from other regions. The presence of Gyratrix hermaphroditus Ehrenberg, 1831, one new species of Paulodora Marcus, 1948 and a new genus of Typhlopolycystidinae Evdonin, 1977 is mentioned.     

Revision of the Australian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Part 3. Tribe Sukunahikonini

Abstract  The Australian members of the circumtropical coccinellid tribe Sukunahikonini are revised and placed in three genera: Scymnomorphus Weise (five species), Pharellus Sicard (two species) and Paraphellus Chazeau (two species). Scymnus rostratus Lea, 1929 is transferred to Paraphellus as P. rostratus (Lea) comb. n. The following new species are described from Australia: Pharellus glabratus sp. n., P. popei sp. n.; Paraphellus magnopunctatus sp. n.; Scymnomorphus fulvus sp. n., S. hirtus sp. n., S. ker sp. n., S. luteus sp. n., S. storeyi sp. n. Nomenclatural history, diagnoses and distribution are provided for each species. Keys to the genera and species are included.     

Ciliate Protozoa in the Rumen of Kafue Lechwe, Kobus leche kafuensis, in Zambia, with the Description of Four New Species

ABSTRACT The composition of the rumen ciliate fauna in 76 Kafue lechwe inhabiting a limited area in Zambia was surveyed and five genera containing 24 species with 16 formae belonging to the family Ophryoscolecidae were identified. Four new species belonging to Diplodiniinae were recognized and described as Diplodinium lochinvarense n. sp., Diplodinium leche n. sp., Diplodinium zambiense n. sp., and Metadinium ossiculi n. sp. In addition, Ostracodinium gracile form fissilaminatum Dogiel, 1932 was found for the second time and described as Metadinium fissilaminatum n. comb. The species composition was fairly unusual. Seven of the species have been found only in African wild antelopes and these species were found more frequently than cosmopolitan species. There was no evidence of isotrichid species. The average density of ciliates per 1 ml of the rumen fluid was 25.7 times 10⁴, and the number of ciliate species per head of host was 10.8.     

A Review of the Genera Croconema Cobb, 1920 and Pseudochromadora Daday, 1899 (Nematoda, Desmodoroidea): New Species from the Coasts of Kenya and Australia

This article is a review of the subfamily Desmodorinae (Nematoda, Desmodoroidea) and two related genera within this subfamily, Croconema Cobb, 1920 and Pseudochromadora Daday, 1899 with keys to genus or species level, genus diagnoses and lists of valid species. An emended diagnosis of, and discussion on, Sibayinema Swart & Heyns, 1991, is presented. Three new species are described: Croconema floriani sp.n. from the coast of Kenya, Pseudochromadora galeata sp.n. and P. securis sp.n. from the coast of Australia.     

Two New and Two Recharacterized Species from a Radiation of Pristionchus (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) in Europe

Two new species of Pristionchus, P. lucani n. sp. and P. bulgaricus n. sp., are described from France and Bulgaria, respectively. Additionally, new morphological and morphometric data are provided for two previously described species from Europe, P. brevicauda (Kotlán, 1928) Paramonov, 1952 and P. clavus (von Linstow, 1901) Sudhaus and Fürst von Lieven, 2003. A phylogeny including these four species was inferred from a dataset including 26 ribosomal protein-coding genes, sequences of which are original for P. bulgaricus n. sp. and P. clavus. Relationships support a radiation of all sequenced European Pristionchus species from a single, gonochoristic common ancestor, and current knowledge of species ranges supports “western” and “eastern” clades. Similar diagnostic morphologies reflect the close relationships among the new and recharacterized species, especially P. bulgaricus n. sp., P. brevicauda, and P. clavus, although mating tests as well as genetic and phylogenetic separation support their identities as unique species. Our results show that Pristionchus species in Europe are more diverse than typological characters suggest, and thus biological and molecular profiling will be essential for future delimitation of Pristionchus species from the region.     

A New Family of Entodiniomorph Protozoa from the Marsupial Forestomach, with Descriptions of a New Genus and Five New Species

ABSTRACT. A unique group of entodiniomorph protozoa was found in forestomach contents from quokka ( Setonix brachyurus ), western grey kangaroo ( Macropus fuliginosus ), red kangaroo ( Macropus rufus ) and euro ( Macropus robustus erubescens ). A new genus, Macropodinium n.g., containing five new species, is described. Three species are described from forestomach contents of the quokka: Macropodinium baldense n. sp., Macropodinium moiri n. sp. and Macropodinium setonixum n. sp. A single species, Macropodinium ennuensis n. sp., is described from the red kangaroo and euro. The last species, Macropodinium yalanbense n. sp., is described in forestomach contents from the western grey kangaroo. At least three distinct features in the new genus are incompatible with any of the described families in the order Entodiniomorphida. On this basis, the new family Macropodiniidae has been created.     

A new dicynodont (Anomodontia, Eotherapsida) from the Upper Permian of Tatarstan

A new dicynodont genus and species, Idelesaurus tataricus sp. nov. (Cryptodontidae), from the Semin Ovrag locality (Tatarstan, Tetyushinskii District; Upper Permian, Upper Tatarian Substage, Severodvinian Horizon) is described. The skull patterns of the East European and South African Cryptodontidae and Aulocephalodontidae are compared from the morphofunctional point of view.