临床分离鲍曼不动杆菌的外排泵基因检测及同源性分析

目的探讨临床分离鲍曼不动杆菌主动外排基因的分布和菌株克隆相关性,为指导临床合理用药和制定恰当的感染控制措施提供理论依据。方法对临床分离的80株鲍曼不动杆菌采用琼脂稀释法检测对抗菌药物的敏感性,聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测adeB、adeG、adeJ外排泵基因的携带情况,脉冲场凝胶电泳法分析多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的同源性。结果 80株临床分离鲍曼不动杆菌中,57株为多重耐药株(MDRAB),且对多粘菌素B、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦和美罗培南较为敏感,对其他临床常用抗生素普遍耐药。adeB、adeG、adeJ外排泵基因分布广泛,在敏感菌株中存在率也很高;PFGE分型结果显示57株MDRAB菌株共分为四大群(A、B、C、D),并以流行克隆A为主。结论临床分离鲍曼不动杆菌耐药形式严峻,其临床分离株普遍存在外排泵编码基因adeB、adeG、adeJ,携带外排泵阳性MDRAB菌株的克隆播散是温州地区鲍曼不动杆菌发生耐药的机制之一。     

AdeABC外排泵在鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南耐药中的作用研究

目的探讨AdeABC外排泵在鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南耐药中的作用。方法收集亚胺培南耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(imipenem resistant acinetobacter baumannii, IRAB)和亚胺培南敏感株(imipenem-sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii, ISAB)各30株。用琼脂稀释法检测其对抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibition concentrations, MIC),加入外排泵抑制剂PAβN检测外排泵表型;用聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)、逆转录实时荧光定量PCR(Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR, RT-qPCR)分别检测adeB基因阳性率及相对表达量。DNA重组技术将adeABC-RS基因转入adeB阴性的ISAB,测定MIC变化。结果 IRAB对多黏菌素B敏感,对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦耐药率46.7%,对其他抗菌药物耐药率高于ISAB,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。70.0%IRAB外排泵表型阳性,而ISAB全阴性。基因检测显示IRAB的adeB阳性率和相对表达量均高于ISAB,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。DNA重组证实,将adeABC-RS基因导入ISAB中,亚胺培南MIC提高64～128倍。结论 IRAB往往表现为多重耐药,AdeABC外排泵是导致其耐药的重要原因。     

多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性及β-内酰胺酶耐药基因的研究

研究多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性及β-内酰胺酶耐药基因的携带情况。采用VIKET Compact 2 全自动细菌鉴定系统进行细菌鉴定,采用纸片扩散法（K-B法）测定鲍曼不动杆菌对抗菌药物的耐药性,应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）法检测β-内酰胺酶耐药基因。32株多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌对13种常用抗菌药物的耐药率均>80%,对亚胺培南和美罗培南耐药率分别高达78.1%和71.9%,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦耐药率31.3%,多粘菌素B抗菌活性最好,耐药率0%。检出超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）和头孢菌素酶（AmpC）耐药基因,未检出金属β-内酰胺酶（MBLs）耐药基因。32株多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌TEM基因均阳性,17株检出PER基因,29株检出ADC基因。有16株菌同时携带TEM、PER、ADC基因。结果表明,同时携带TEM、PER、ADC基因是安徽医科大学解放军174临床学院鲍曼不动杆菌产生多重耐药性的原因之一。     

主动外排机制在鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性中的作用

目的探讨细菌主动外排机制在临床分离的鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性中的作用。方法琼脂稀释法检测临床分离的鲍曼不动杆菌对常用抗生素的耐药性,测定经外排泵抑制剂碳酰氰基-对-氯苯腙（CCCP）处理前后鲍曼不动杆菌对抗生素最小抑菌浓度（MIC）的变化,以聚合酶链反应（PCR）、逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测多重耐药主动外排基因以出及其表达水平。结果临床分离的鲍曼不动杆菌对常用抗生素耐药率高且具有多重耐药性,并存在药物的主动外排。所有临床分离的菌株均能检测到adeB基因,但多重耐药株表达水平明显高于敏感株（P〈0．01）。结论临床分离的鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性尤其是多重耐药性与外排泵介导的耐药机制密切相关。     

多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性及其耐药基因分析

目的:探讨多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(MDR-Ab)的耐药性及其耐药基因,为临床合理选择抗菌药物提供依据。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月至2018年12月鲍曼不动杆菌感染的住院患者信息。使用VITEK-32微生物分析仪/梅里埃药敏卡片GN13鉴定MDR-Ab 95株。采用聚合酶链式反应(多重PCR)检测MDR-Ab携带相关耐药基因。结果:95株MDR-Ab对头孢类抗菌药物耐药率为100%。对氨苄西林-舒巴坦和头孢哌酮-舒巴坦耐药率分别为95.79%和81.05%,对美罗培南和亚胺培南耐药率分别为56.84%和57.89%,对庆大霉素和阿米卡星耐药率均为88.42%,对环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星耐药率分别为100%和88.42%,对四环素、米诺环素、替加环素耐药率分别为87.37%、16.84%和9.47%,对多粘菌素B耐药率为1.05%。95株MDR-Ab中携带β-内酰胺酶中A类酶耐药基因TEM、PER分别95株和25株,D类酶耐药基因OXA-51、carO和adeB各95株,OXA-23基因90株。携带消毒剂耐药基因qacE 60株。携带16S r RNA甲基化酶耐药基因armA 75株。每株MDR-Ab除携带TEM+carO+adeB+OXA-51四种基因外,另同时携带四种基因20株(21.05%),三种基因38株(40.00%)。结论:MDR-Ab对多种抗菌药物的耐药率较高,携带的耐药基因型主要为TEM、carO、adeB及OXA-51。携带多种耐药基因是MDR-Ab耐药重要原因。加强医院感染防控、合理应用抗菌药物对于延缓泛鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性发展具有重要的临床意义。     

膜孔蛋白改变在鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南耐药中的作用

目的对鲍曼不动杆菌耐药情况进行分析,探索膜孔蛋白在亚胺培南耐药中的作用,为临床合理用药及控制医院感染提供依据。方法收集非重复亚胺培南耐药鲍曼不动杆菌63株,亚胺培南敏感鲍曼不动杆菌21株,用K-B纸片法检测上述细菌对16种抗菌药物的敏感性,PCR技术检测carO和oprD膜孔蛋白基因携带情况,并采用DNASTAR软件进行序列对比,对CarO蛋白三维结构建模。结果亚胺培南耐药鲍曼不动杆菌除对替加环素(3.2%)、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(28.6%)和米诺环素(30.2%)耐药率低外,对其他抗菌药物耐药率均较高,而亚胺培南敏感菌对多数抗生素均较敏感。PCR扩增显示所检测菌株carO和oprD基因均阳性。进一步系列比对发现亚胺培南耐药株较敏感株carO基因存在有意义突变,蛋白质分子立体结构有明显差别。结论亚胺培南耐药鲍曼不动杆菌耐药情况严峻,carO膜孔蛋白基因突变发挥重要作用。     

鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药情况及碳青霉烯酶基因检测

了解佳木斯大学附属第一医院鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性及碳青霉烯酶包括苯唑西林酶和金属酶相关耐药基因分布情况,为临床抗菌药物的合理选择提供依据。2013年9月至2014年12月使用VITEK-II全自动微生物鉴定/药敏测试系统筛选出佳木斯大学附属第一医院临床标本鲍曼不动杆菌69株;采用多重PCR方法检测鲍曼不动杆菌携带的碳青霉烯酶相关耐药基因16SrRNA、OXA-23、OXA-24、OXA-51、OXA-58、IMP、VIM、SIM,并对耐药基因扩增的阳性产物进行DNA 序列分析。69株AB对亚胺培南、美洛培南的耐药率分别为36.2%、37.68%,对其他抗菌药物的耐药率均高于50%。6种耐药基因的检测结果为69株(100%)携带OXA-51基因,32株(46.4%)携带OXA-23基因,17株(24.6%)携带OXA-24基因,5株(7.2%)携带OXA 58基因,1株（1.4%）携带IMP基因。25株碳青霉烯类药物耐药鲍曼不动杆菌中,22株(88%) 携带OXA-23,1株(4%)携带OXA-58,10株(40%)携带OXA-24,6株（24%）同时携带OXA-23、OXA-24。 DNA序列分析结果显示：OXA-23、OXA-24、OXA-51、OXA-58分别与NCBI的序列同源性均为99%。产OXA-23型碳青霉烯酶可能是佳木斯大学附属第一医院鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯酶类抗菌药物耐药的主要原因,另外佳木斯大学附属第一医院存在OXA-24型耐药基因鲍曼不动杆菌的区域性流行。     

鲍曼不动杆菌对β-内酰胺类药物的耐药性及相关耐药基因的研究

采用琼脂二倍稀释法及聚合酶链式反应(PCR)对36株鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性及相关耐药基因(blaTEM、blaSHV、blaIMP、blaVIM、blaOXA-23)进行检测。结果表明,36株鲍曼不动杆菌对哌拉西林和替卡西林的耐药率最高,为94.4%;对亚胺培南的耐药率最低,为52.8%;在β-内酰胺酶耐药基因检测过程中,发现有3株菌株携带有blaTEM、blaVIM、blaOXA-233种基因,且对12种实验药物均耐药,表明菌株的耐药性与其携带的耐药基因数目有关,数目越多,耐药性越强。     

鲍曼不动杆菌耐药程度与其主动外排泵蛋白的相关性研究

目的:探讨鲍曼不动杆菌耐药程度与其主动外排泵蛋白的相关性。方法:首先用纸片扩散法检测64株临床鲍曼不动杆菌对8种抗菌药物的敏感性;将其分为A组(0～2种抗生素耐药)、B组(对3～5种抗生素耐药)和C组(对6～8种抗生素耐药);检测64株临床鲍曼不动杆菌对罗丹明6G的外排情况,筛选出罗丹明6G外排明显增加的菌株;并用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测主动外排泵基因AdeABC的表达水平。结果:64株鲍曼不动杆菌中有4株对0～2种抗生素耐药(A组),对3～5种抗生素耐药的有33株(B组),对6～8种抗生素耐药的有27株(C组);多重耐药组鲍曼不动杆菌罗丹6G外排明显增高,外排程度A组相似文献   

鲍曼不动杆菌的临床分布特点及耐药性分析

调查鲍曼不动杆菌的临床分布及其对抗菌药物的耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。将哈尔滨医科大学第一附属医院临床各种来源的鲍曼不动杆菌1582株采用K-B法进行药敏试验,并对结果进行统计分析。2008至2010年共检出鲍曼不动杆菌1582株,临床分布以ICU最多(484株,占54.5%)。对抗菌药物的耐药率逐年增高,ICU抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于非ICU病区。该菌株对临床常用抗菌药物高度耐药和多重耐药,对亚胺培南和美罗培南耐药率高达90.9%和90.3%。鲍曼不动杆菌耐药情况相对严重,临床须重视鲍曼不动杆菌的感染,加强院內感染的控制及耐药性的监测,根据药敏结果选择合适抗生素,延缓耐药性进程。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.