Cloning of the bovine antiapoptotic regulator, BCL2-related protein A1, and its expression in trophoblastic binucleate cells of bovine placenta

This report studied the identification and sequence of a full-length cDNA for the bovine BCL2 antiapoptotic family member, BCL2-related protein A1 (BCL2A1), and its localized and quantitative expression in the placenta to clarify the regulatory mechanism of trophoblast cell proliferation and differentiation during implantation and placental development. We cloned a full-length bovine BCL2A1 cDNA with 725 nucleotides and an open-reading frame corresponding to a protein of 175 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence shared 78% homology with human BCL2A1. All BCL2 homology domains (BH1, BH2, BH3, and BH4) in bovine BCL2A1 were conserved as well as in other mammalian BCL2A1. In the placentomes, in situ hybridization demonstrated that the BCL2A1 was limited in binucleate cells expressing various pregnancy-specific molecules like placental lactogen. BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) was also expressed in binucleate cells. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR detection exhibited a high-level expression of BCL2A1 in the conceptus at Day 21 of gestation, and it was expressed and increased in the extraembryonic membrane, cotyledon, and intercotyledon from implantation to term. BAX expression intensity increased with progression of gestation and remained elevated in postpartum. Caspase-3 protein (CASP3) and mRNA (CASP3) were detected from late gestation to postpartum in placenta as well as in the results of TUNEL detection. We believe that the apoptosis of binucleate cells may be regulated by the balance of the BCL2A1 and BAX. BCL2A1 genes produced a BCL2A1 protein in the mammalian cell-expression system. This molecule is a new candidate for antiapoptotic maintenance of the binucleate cells that support placental functions throughout gestation in bovine.     

Gene expression profiles of novel caprine placental prolactin-related proteins similar to bovine placental prolactin-related proteins

Background  

This study reports the identification of a full-length cDNA sequence for two novel caprine prolactin-related proteins (cPRP1 and cPRP6), and their localization and quantitative expression in the placenta. Caprine PRPs are compared with known bovine PRPs. We examined their evolution and role in the ruminant placenta.     

绵羊肌球蛋白轻链2基因的分子克隆与表达分析

肌球蛋白轻链2蛋白是哺乳动物肌球蛋白的重要成员之一。获得其基因序列,并对其特征和表达进行分析,可为进一步研究功能奠定基础。本研究以小尾寒羊背最长肌为试验材料,采用RACE等方法对绵羊肌球蛋白轻链2基因的cDNA序列进行克隆和测序、利用相关生物学软件对所得cDNA序列进行生物信息学预测、并利用qRT-PCR和Western印迹法对其在绵羊各种组织中的表达进行分析。结果获得该基因cDNA序列全长为776 bp,提交至GenBank中获得相应的登录号为KJ710702;该序列中的498 bp的开放读码框编码含有166个氨基酸残基的蛋白质。预测发现该蛋白质无信号肽和二硫键,但存在N-糖基化和磷酸化位点;二级结构中以α-螺旋为主;蛋白质序列比较发现绵羊MYL2与小鼠、人、大鼠、猪、牛等哺乳动物的同源性均在95%以上。mRNA和蛋白质表达谱均显示该基因在绵羊心肌中表达量最高,其次为背最长肌。     

Molecular cloning and characterization of prolactin-like protein C complementary deoxyribonucleic acid.

In this report, we describe the isolation and characterization of a full length cDNA clone for rat prolactin-like protein C (PLP-C) and describe the expression of PLP-C mRNA in the developing rat placenta. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the PLP-C cDNA clone predicted a mature protein of 238 amino acids, including a 30-amino acid signal sequence. The predicted PLP-C amino acid sequence contains seven cysteine residues, three tryptophan residues, and two putative N-linked glycosylation sites. Six of the cysteine residues in PLP-C are located in positions homologous to the cysteines of pituitary prolactin (PRL). Additional sequence similarities with pituitary PRL and other members of the rat placental PRL family are evident. The PLP-C gene was localized to rat chromosome 17. Northern blot analysis showed that the PLP-C cDNA clone specifically hybridized to a 1.0-kilobase mRNA. PLP-C mRNA was first detectable between days 13 and 14 of gestation, peaked by day 18 of gestation, and remained elevated until term. In situ hybridization analysis indicated that PLP-C mRNA was specifically expressed by spongiotrophoblast cells and some trophoblast giant cells in the junctional zone region of rat chorioallantoic placenta.     

一个在肝癌中表达下调的基因syap1的克隆和鉴定

肿瘤细胞区别于正常细胞的最基本特征是细胞生长失控和分化受阻。这种细胞生长失控和分化受阻是由于多种遗传性缺陷积累的结果,这主要表现在两个方面:一是癌基因的激活或过度表达,阻止细胞分化,促进细胞生长;另一方面是肿瘤抑制基因的失活。在肝癌研究中人们发现有多处染色体DNA发生缺失如染色体1p、4q、5q、6q、8p、10p、11p、13q、16q、17p和22q区域,提示这些区域可能存在肿瘤抑制基因。其中13q、17p和8p区域的肿瘤抑制     

cDNA cloning and expression of a bovine phenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, BovUGT1A6

A full-length cDNA encoding a phenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase was isolated by plaque hybridization, RT-PCR and 5'-RACE from a cDNA library prepared from the bovine liver. The deduced amino acid sequence (529 amino acid residues) has A signal sequence (23 amino acid residues) at the amino terminus and a transmembrane-anchoring domain (17 amino acid residues) at the carboxyl terminus. The encoded protein has a potential asparagine-linked glycosylation site (Asn291). The cloned cDNA was named bovUGT1A6 on the basis of the amino acid similarity. BovUGT1A6 cloned in the pAAH5 expression vector was transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiea AH22 cells to obtain an active 54-kDa bovUGT1A6 enzyme. The expressed enzyme represented UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities toward 1-naphthol and 4-methylumbelliferone, confirming that the isolated cDNA is an isoform of bovine phenol UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. Microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward 1-naphthol in the bovine kidney cortex was found to be higher than that in the liver and other organs, and mRNA of bovUGT1A6 was more strongly detected in the kidney on Northern blotting analysis. These results suggest that the bovine kidney, which strongly expresses bovUGT1A6, is a significant organ for xenobiotics glucuronidation.     

红花花青素合成酶基因的克隆及表达分析

根据红花转录物测序结果中得到的中间序列,采用R11-PCR和RACE方法从红花花瓣中克隆到1个4嬲基因的全长cDNA,该基因全长序列1226bp,具有完整的开放阅读框（ORF）,共1050bp,编码349个氨基酸。生物信息学软件分析显示,该基因编码的蛋白理论分子量约为82．27kDa,等电点为5．09,序列里含有典型的加尾信号序列AATAA和Poly（A）。保守结构域预测表明,该基因编码的蛋白具有典型的ANS蛋白功能结构域,其保守结构域中含有铁离子及2．0-酮戊二酸结合位点。结合其他物种的臌因构建系统树表日月,红花ANS蛋基因与其他物种氨基酸具有一定的同源性,其中与芍药的亲缘关系最近。应用实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,ANS基因在红花的初花期和盛花期的表达量最高。     

Characterization of the tissue-specific expression of the S100P gene which encodes an EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein*

S100 proteins are a calcium-binding protein family containing two EF-hand domains exclusively expressed in vertebrates and play roles in many cellular activities. Human S100P gene was first cloned as a 439 bp cDNA in placenta and it was found to be associated with human prostate cancer. Here we describe the cloning of the 1297 bp full-length cDNA, and the characterization of the tissue-specific expression of the human S100P gene. It is abundantly expressed in many tissues including placenta by Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis, unlike the expression pattern of other S100 family genes.     

A novel secretory protein produced by rat spongiotrophoblast

The placenta secretes various factors in stage- and cell-specific manners. We have identified a cDNA encoding a novel protein with 124 amino acids, which was named spongiotrophoblast specific protein (SSP). SSP is highly homologous to mouse 4311, showing 81% and 59% similarity at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Northern blot analysis showed that SSP mRNA was first detected on Day 14 of pregnancy, peaked on Day 16, and remained elevated until term. In situ hybridization analysis showed that SSP mRNA was specifically expressed in spongiotrophoblast cells of Day 20 placenta but not in Day 12 placenta. No expression was detected from the differentiated or undifferentiated rat choriocarcinoma Rcho-1 cell line. Native SSP was detected as a 19-kDa molecule by Western blotting in cell extracts prepared from the junctional zone. SSP was predicted to be a secretory protein, because 1) a hydropathy test revealed that SSP contained an N-terminal hydrophobic region and 2) native SSP was also detected in the cultured media of junctional zone explants. To further investigate a potential signal peptide of this protein, sets of recombinant SSP were generated using a COS7 transfection system. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of secreted recombinant SSP confirmed that the N-terminal 17 amino acids had been cleaved to produce a secretory protein. Thus, we have identified and cloned a novel secretory protein, SSP, which is specifically expressed by rat spongiotrophoblast cells during the latter half of pregnancy.     

人ob基因克隆及其亚细胞定位的研究

目的:旨在克隆人肥胖(obese,ob)基因的全长cDNA序列,与EGFP重组构建融合蛋白表达载体,并分析其亚细胞水平的定位.方法:提取人脂肪细胞总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法扩增出人ob基因cDNA,并克隆至真核表达载体pEGFP-CI,重组质粒转染NIH-3T3细胞,荧光显微镜分析EGFP-ob融合蛋白的亚细胞定位.结果:克隆的ob基因cDNA为501bp,共编码167个氨基酸,与GenBank公布的人ob基因序列一致,荧光显微镜分析表明,重组的EGFP-ob融合蛋白主要分布于NIT-3T3的细胞质中.结论:成功克隆了人OB基因的cDNA序列,构建人OB基因的真核表达载体pEGFP-CI-ob,融合蛋白EGFP-ob定位于NIH-3T3细胞质中.     

Increased messenger RNA for allograft inflammatory factor-1, LERK-5, and a novel gene in 17.5-day relative to 15.5-day bovine embryos

Considerable embryonic loss occurs between Gestation Days 15 and 18 in cattle when critical cellular and molecular events occur, including maternal recognition of pregnancy. To gain insight into these events, mRNA differential display analysis was used to identify eight unique cDNA fragments present in greater abundance in 17.5-day than in 15.5-day bovine embryos. Four cDNA fragments, confirmed to be upregulated in 17.5-day embryos using Northern analysis, were cloned and sequenced. Three cDNA fragments shared sequence identities with known homologs: human allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1), human LERK-5, and bovine interferon-tau. One novel cDNA fragment did not share sequence identity to previously reported genes, except for a similar DNA sequence in the human genome. AIF-1 mRNA was present in developing placenta through Gestation Day 36, and abundant levels were observed in adult bovine spleen and lung. The novel gene, which we have named periattachment factor (PAF), was not detected in adult tissues using Northern analysis or in conceptuses between Days 30 and 36 of pregnancy. Additional sequence information for bPAF was obtained from a cDNA library constructed from a 25-day bovine embryo. The protein corresponding to the open reading frame has four protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, two casein kinase II phosphorylation sites, a nuclear targeting sequence, but no obvious DNA or RNA binding motifs. Abundant expression of this gene during a narrow but critical window of embryonic development makes it worthy of further study.     

锦鲤Hepcidin基因的克隆及其组织特异性表达分析

【目的】克隆锦鲤hepcidin全长cDNA序列(k-hepc),并获得此基因在鱼体内的表达模式。【方法】利用RT-PCR和RACE PCR的方法,从锦鲤肝脏中克隆锦鲤hepcidin的全长cDNA,进行序列测定和分析;锦鲤经肌肉注射维氏气单胞菌0、4、8、12、24和48 h后,分别取其肝、脾、肾、肠、脑、心、肌肉和鳃组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR的方法,以β-actin为内参基因,检测k-hepc基因的表达量。【结果】锦鲤抗菌肽(GenBank登录号KC795559)全长755 bp,编码序列276 bp,编码91个氨基酸,包括信号肽、原肽和成熟肽,成熟肽C端含有8个半胱氨酸,可形成4个分子内二硫键。与已报道的普通鲤鱼hepcidin氨基酸序列的一致性为93%,与其他鱼类hepcidin氨基酸序列的一致性为29%?93%。在本研究所检测的正常锦鲤的组织中,k-hepc均有表达,其中在肝组织中表达量最高,鳃组织中表达量最低。经维氏气单胞菌感染后,k-hepc在肝和心组织中的表达量明显增加,在其余组织中变化不显著。【结论】k-hepc编码的蛋白是Hepcidin家族的成员之一。锦鲤Hepcidin的表达主要受内在调节因素影响。     

大蕉苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因的克隆、鉴定和表达分析

为了研究苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因与大蕉(Musa ABB cv. Dongguandajiao)抗枯萎病的关系,利用 RT-PCR 和 RACE技术克隆了大蕉苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因全长 cDNA。此 cDNA 长 1 300 bp,包含一个长为 1 191 bp,编码 397 个氨基酸的完整开放阅读框(ORF),推导的氨基酸序列与水稻 PAL 基因氨基酸序列同源性达 89%,将此基因命名为 M-PAL。Southern杂交结果表明大蕉中存在一个包含 4-5 个 PAL基因的基因家族,将此基因克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体 pET32(a )中,表达的蛋白质分子量大小与推导的相一致,并且表达的蛋白质表现出 PAL 酶活性。对接种香蕉枯萎病菌 4 号生理小种(Fusarium oxysporumf. sp. cubense (FOC) race 4 )后大蕉叶片中 M-PAL基因的转录谱进行研究表明,在接种枯萎病菌后,M-PAL基因在叶片中的转录水平提高,因此推测 M-PAL基因的表达可能与香蕉枯萎病抗性相关。     

Molecular cloning of a novel rat gene Tsarg1, a member of the DnaJ/HSP40 protein family.

Beginning with a mouse gene mTSARG3, which was related to apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, bioinformatics was applied and a predicted novel rat gene full-length cDNA sequence was attained. Gene-specific primers were designed for PCR in rat testis cDNA library. A new gene Tsarg1 (GenBank Accession No. AY380804) was cloned, which is related to apoptosis in rat spermatogenic cells. The gene whose full cDNA length is 1176 bp containing 8 exons and 7 introns is located in rat chromosome 1q32-1q33, which encoded a protein containing 316 amino acid residues and being a new member of HSP40 protein family since the sequence contains the highly conserved J domain, which is present in all DnaJ-like proteins and is supported to have a critical role in DnaJ-DnaK protein-protein interactions. The results of RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis showed that Tsarg1 was specifically expressed in rat testis, which probably inhibits rat testis spermatogenic cell apoptosis.     

Identification of three prolactin-related hormones as markers of invasive trophoblasts in the rat

An expressed-sequence tag database search has identified three rat cDNA clones in the prolactin/growth hormone family, including a homologue of mouse proliferin-related protein (PRP). The encoded proteins of the two novel clones, designated prolactin-like proteins L (PLP-L) and M (PLP-M), are predicted to be synthesized as precursors of 229 and 227 amino acids, modified by N-linked glycosylation, and secreted as mature glycoproteins of 199 and 200 residues, respectively. Murine homologues to PLP-L and PLP-M were also identified. The open reading frame of rat PRP encodes a precursor protein of 245 amino acids and predicts a secreted 215-amino acid glycoprotein with 81% identity to mouse PRP. All three rat mRNAs are expressed in the placenta, and expression is not detected in other tissues. PLP-L mRNA expression is observed from Days 11-20, with highest levels at Day 13; highest levels of PLP-M are observed from Day 11 until parturition, with peak levels also on Day 13; and highest levels of PRP are also observed from Day 11 until term, with maximal expression on Day 17. All three genes are most highly expressed in invasive trophoblast cells lining the central placental vessel. The identification of molecular markers for endovascular trophoblasts serves to highlight the invasive nature of rodent placentation and may prove useful for future studies of placental function.     

Characterization of the cDNA and genomic sequence of a G protein gamma subunit (gamma 5).

A cDNA from human placenta and liver tissues that contained both sequence for the lysosomal glycosidase di-N-acetylchitobiase and sequence homologous to the gamma subunit of GTP-binding proteins was previously isolated. Here we have shown that the gamma-subunit-homologous portion of this unusual cDNA is derived from a member of the gamma-subunit multigene family. The partial human gamma-subunit sequence was used to isolate the corresponding full-length cDNA clones from bovine and rat livers. The two cDNAs encode identical 68-amino-acid proteins (7.3 kDa) homologous to previously cloned G protein gamma subunits. The bovine gene sequence encoding this new gamma-subunit isoform (gamma 5) was determined and found to have an intron-exon structure consistent with the original human chitobiase-gamma 5-subunit hybrid mRNA being a product of alternative splicing. Genomic cloning also resulted in the isolation of a human gamma 5 pseudogene.     

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Mannose-binding Lectin Gene from Dendrobium officinale

Using RNA extracted from Dendrobium officinale young leaves and primers designed according to the conservative regions of Orchidaceae lectins, the full-length cDNA of Dendrobium officinale agglutinin (DOA) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of doa was 768 bp and contained a 498 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a lectin precursor of 165 amino acids. Through comparative analysis of doa gene and its deduced amino acid sequence with those of other Orchidaceae species, it was found that doa encoded a precursor lectin with signal peptide. DOA was a mannose-binding lectin with three mannose-binding sites. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that doa mRNA expression was detected in all tested tissues including root, stem and leaf, however, the expression was higher in stem, lower in leaf. As the doa mRNA was detected in all the tested plant tissues, the doa was considered to be a constitutively expressed gene.     

Localization of placental lactogen-I in trophoblast giant cells of the mouse placenta

The purpose of this investigation was to identify the cellular origin of placental lactogen-I (PL-I) expression in the mouse placenta and to cytologically define the transition from PL-I to PL-II expression during gestation. PL-I mRNA expression was assessed by in situ hybridization, and expression of PL-I and PL-II protein was determined by immunocytochemical analysis. PL-I mRNA and protein were localized to trophoblast giant cells. Trophoblast giant cells ceased producing PL-I at midgestation and began expressing PL-II. PL-I immunoreactivity was present in trophoblast giant cells on Days 9 and 10 of gestation but was not detectable in trophoblast giant cells on Day 11 of gestation. Immunoreactive PL-II-producing giant cells were detected first on Day 10 of gestation, continuing on Day 11 of gestation. Expression of PL-I and PL-II signals a significant functional transition in trophoblast giant cells of the developing mouse placenta.