双源CT测量前交叉韧带单束重建术后隧道位置的临床研究

目的:应用双源CT(Dual-source computer tomography,DSCT)测量前交叉韧带(Anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)单束重建术后胫骨、股骨隧道位置,并对隧道位置进行评价。方法:对2013年1月至2014年6月我科收治的92例(男64例,女28例,平均年龄31.2岁)ACL单束重建患者术后膝关节进行双源CT三维重建,应用Adobe Photoshop CS6软件圈画隧道中心并采用Lorenz法测量胫骨隧道中心点相对位置百分比(Tx,Ty),采用Bernard四格表法测量股骨隧道中心点相对位置百分比(Fx,Fy)。结果:Tx平均为(54.54±3.42)%,Ty平均为(39.58±6.72)%,Fx平均为(28.98±6.51)%,Fy平均为(28.04±8.70)%。男、女性及左、右膝之间Tx、Ty、Fx、Fy的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:双源CT能够清晰,三维显示ACL术后隧道,可以用来评估隧道位置,为改进前交叉韧带损伤后的手术方式及个体化解剖重建提供帮助。     

关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术后翻修的临床研究(附14例报告)

目的:探讨关节镜下前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术后翻修手术的开展方式和临床效果。方法:我院2009年1月~2012年9月共收治ACL重建后失稳需翻修的患者14例,均给予关节镜下检查以及翻修手术,术后对患者的治疗情况采用Lysholm评分、Tegner评分、KT-2000及IKDC进行综合评价。结果:患者的KT-2000检查中术前屈曲30°为5.2mm,屈曲90°为3.3mm,术后屈曲30°为3.0mm,屈曲90°为1.6mm;IKDC评分术前为(50±5)分,术后为(72±8)分;Lysholm评分术前为(51±15)分,术后为(77±19)分;Tegner评分术前为(2.6±0.6)分,术后为(4.8±1.2)分。手术前后对比均有显著差异,具有统计学意义(P0.05),表明术后患者的膝关节功能明显增强。结论:对ACL重建术失败患者给予术后的翻修可以有效改善患者膝关节功能。     

多排螺旋CT扫描对骨折的诊断

目的: 普通X线片及CT平扫对于骨折,尤其是隐匿性骨折检出率较低,较易造成漏诊和误诊,随着多排螺旋CT的普及,利用曲面重建(MPR)和容积再现(VR)技术后处理图像,成为诊断隐匿性骨折的理想的影像诊断手段.探讨多排螺旋CT在对骨折的诊断中的临床应用价值。方法: 对213例临床怀疑骨折的患者进行CR摄片再进行多排螺旋CT扫描,通过三维重建技术处理后,得到受检部位二维、三维的图像。结果: 相同的对照组经多排螺旋CT、X线检查检查后,新增33例骨折。结论: 多排螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术较传统X线平片能对骨折病例做出更正确的诊断。     

关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术的手术时机对患者膝关节功能恢复的影响

目的:研究关节镜下前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术的手术时机对患者膝关节功能恢复的影响。方法:选取2016年1月至2017年8月我院收治的膝关节ACL损伤患者65例为研究对象,所有患者均接受关节镜下ACL重建术治疗,并按照患者受伤至接受手术的时间分为研究组(n=35,受伤至接受手术的时间≤3周)和对照组(n=30,受伤至接受手术的时间3周),术后对患者进行为期6个月的随访,对比两组患者术前和术后6个月的膝关节活动度、膝关节功能以及ACL恢复情况,并比较随访期间两组并发症发生情况。结果:术前,两组膝关节活动度、国际膝关节文献委员会膝关节评估表(IKDC)和Lysholm膝关节评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后6个月,两组膝关节活动度、IKDC评分和Lysholm膝关节评分均较术前升高,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前与术后6个月,两组前抽屉(ADT)试验和Lachman试验阴性率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但与术前比较,术后6个月两组ADT试验和Lachman试验阴性率均升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,研究组并发症总发生率降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:膝关节ACL损伤患者在不同时间内接受关节镜下ACL重建术治疗均具有较好的效果,但是在受伤后3周内接受手术对患者膝关节功能恢复效果更明显,同时并发症发生率也相对更低。     

关节镜下前交叉韧带重建中保留残端对膝关节功能及本体感觉恢复的影响研究

目的:探讨关节镜下前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术中保留韧带残端对ACL损伤患者膝关节功能及本体感觉恢复的影响。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月~2016年3月解放军第174医院收治的ACL损伤患者266例,所有患者均行关节镜下ACL重建,其中保留韧带残端的163例为保留残端组,术中完全清理韧带残端的103例为非保留残端组,所有患者术后随访12个月以上,评价两组患者的膝关节功能及本体感觉恢复情况。结果:术前、术后9个月、术后12个月两组膝关节患侧Lysholm评分、国际膝关节文献委员会膝关节评估表(IKDC)评分、被动活动察觉阀值、被动角度再生试验结果比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后各检测时间点的Lysholm评分、IKDC评分较术前均显著提高,被动活动察觉阀值、被动角度再生试验结果较术前明显降低(P0.05);保留残端组术后3个月、6个月的Lysholm评分、IKDC评分高于非保留残端组,被动活动察觉阀值、被动角度再生试验结果低于非保留残端组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:关节镜下ACL重建中保留残端可加快膝关节功能及本体感觉恢复速度,获得满意的临床疗效,值得推广应用。     

16层CT多平面重建与最大密度投影诊断孤立性肺结节的应用价值

目的:探讨多层CT后处理技术对孤立性肺结节的诊断价值。方法:对符合条件的56例患者行CT扫描,原始采集层厚为0.75mm,重建层厚7mm。发现结节时利用层厚为0.75mm的原始数据对病灶及周围组织进行三维重建,MPR重建包括冠状位、矢状位和病灶最大径平面图像,应用后处理软件重建出最大密度投影图像。结果:56例肺结节中恶性结节31例,良性结25例。4例假阴性包括2例腺癌、1例鳞癌和1例小细胞癌,4例病灶直径均小于1.0cm。5例假阳性包括2例肌纤维母细胞瘤和3例结核球。三维率>1.5的肺结节89%是良性SPN。结论:多层CT多平面重建与最大密度投影技术有助于孤立性肺结节的定性诊断,多平面重建技术的价值优于最大密度投影技术。     

应用无内固定装置技术双束双隧道重建前交叉韧带疗效分析

目的:探讨应用无内固定装置技术双束双隧道重建前交叉韧带(ACL)的治疗效果.方法:2006年1月至2008年1月,我科应用无内固定装置技术双束重建ACL损伤患者33例,男31例,女2例.患者排除手术禁忌后,分别在关节镜下采用双股半腱肌腱重建前内侧束,双股股薄肌腱重建后外侧束.韧带采用无内固定装置固定,股骨端行悬吊固定,胫骨端行拴桩固定.术后1～3周内指导患者在支具保护下进行康复训练,并逐渐提高训练强度.结果:术后切口均一期愈合,无并发症.病例随访时间24～48个月,平均36个月.术后12月时:Lysholm评分由术前的52.2±2.5,升至96.4±7.2分,IKDC评分55.3±3.7分,升至94.1±5.3分,其中A级19例,B级:11例.术前与术后Lysholm评分及IKDC评分有显著差别(P＞0.05).结论:采用无内固定装置双束ACL重建方法能够较好的平衡患者前内侧束和后外侧束张力,并有利于保留ACL韧带残余结构、节约经费,具有令人满意的临床效果.     

基于CTA的在体女性盆腔静脉血管网数字化三维模型构建的方法及意义

目的:探讨利用CTA原始数据集构建在体女性盆腔静脉血管网数字化三维模型的方法及意义。方法:基于双源CTA技术,获取1例宫颈癌患者的Dicom 3.0原始二维断层图像数据集。利用Mimics 10.01软件分别对骨盆、盆腔动脉血管网以及盆腔静脉血管网进行三维重建并配准融合。结果:构建的盆腔静脉血管网数字化三维模型可以清楚地显示下腔静脉、髂总静脉、髂外静脉、髂内静脉及其初级属支,以及双侧卵巢静脉等。与重建的骨盆、盆腔动脉血管网配准融合后,各支静脉血管的解剖走形及引流区域变得更加清晰明确。结论:基于CTA的计算机三维重建技术是一种研究女性盆腔静脉血管网的好方法,具有较大的运用价值。     

前交叉韧带方位角变化的解剖学测量研究

目的:探讨前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)在膝关节不同屈曲角度时的方位角变化,为ACL损伤诊断和重建研究提供解剖学支持。方法:成人膝关节标本10具,解剖观察ACL形态,用Photoshop软件测量膝关节不同屈曲角度下ACL方位角变化。结果:0°、30°位膝关节中ACL胫骨角大于ACL股骨角,有显著性差异(P0.01);60°、90°位膝关节中的ACL胫骨角小于股骨角,有显著性差异(P0.01)。膝关节0°、30°、60°、90°ACL胫骨角由大渐小,各角度间均有显著性差异(均P0.01)。膝关节0°和30°的ACL股骨角比60°和90°时小,有显著性差异(均P0.01),0°与30°间无显著性差异(P0.05),60°小于90°,有显著性差异(P0.01)。结论:ACL于膝关节0°和30°位时,后外侧束(posterolateral bundle,PLB)发挥主要作用,ACL诊断或重建主要参考胫骨角;60°、90°时ACL前内侧束(anteromedial bundle,AMB)发挥主要作用,ACL诊断或重建主要参考股骨角。ACL方位角可作为ACL损伤诊断和手术重建的重要参考。     

小鼠海马锥体细胞树突棘形态的电镜三维重建

大多数神经元的复杂三维结构是很难直接观察的。激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术结合染料标记技术可以重建神经元的三维形态,但精细结构的识别需要电子显微镜。利用透射电子显微镜技术,可以得到连续超薄组织切片的高分辨率图像,结合计算机支持的三维重建技术就可进一步获得神经细胞精细结构的三维信息。通过电镜三维重建技术对未成熟和成熟小鼠海马锥体细胞树突棘的形态进行了观察和分析,并对其关键步骤的操作技巧进行了重点说明。实验结果为进一步利用成像技术研究树突棘的结构、功能和可塑性提供了重要信息。     

Comparison of Multi-Slice Computed Tomographic Angiography and Dual-Source Computed Tomographic Angiography in Resectability Evaluation of Pancreatic Carcinoma

The assessment of pancreatic cancer resectability is based mainly on the extent of the peripancreatic vasculature involvement with tumor mass. The 16-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) were used in non-invasive imaging of the pancreas and the regional vessels in 48 pancreatic carcinoma patients. Both of these techniques were combined with contrast-enhanced angiography and post-scanning reconstruction of 2D and 3D images. Based on the degree of involvement revealed by these images, the pre-operative tumor resectability was determined. The CTA-based resectability was then correlated with the surgical and pathological findings for the evaluation of their sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy. The study suggests that resectability based on dual-source CTA showed higher sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy than that obtained from MSCTA scanning.     

关节镜下多种移植物联合重建膝关节前、后交叉韧带

目的：评估关节镜下膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）与后交叉韧带（PCL）同时重建的技术和临床效果。方法：自2003年6月～2009年10月,27例病人（28膝）经MRJ检查及关节镜检查证实ACL和PCL均断裂,其中9膝伴内侧副韧带损伤（MCL）,8膝伴后外侧角损伤（PLC）,5膝伴内侧半月板破裂,4膝伴外侧半月板损伤。27例患者于伤后3～10周在关节镜下行膝关节前、后交叉韧带联合重建。结果：本组术后早期均未发生严重并发症。术后随访12-88个月,平均（42．67±3．34）个月,Lysholm膝关节功能评分为78-93分,平均（86．67±5．21）分。国际膝关节文件编制委员会（mDC）综合评定由术前显著异常（D级）28膝,改进为随访时正常（A级）9膝、接近正常（B级）16膝、异常（C级）3膝。结论：关节镜下膝关节前交叉韧带（ACL）与后交叉韧带（PCL）同时重建创伤小、手术操作精细,术后膝关节功能恢复满意。     

Migration of radio-opaque markers injected into tendon grafts: a study using roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA)

An increase in anterior laxity following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can result from lengthening of the graft construct either at the sites of fixation and/or between the sites of fixation (i.e., graft substance). Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA), which requires that radio-opaque markers be attached to the graft, has been shown to be a useful technique in determining lengthening in these regions. Previous methods have been used for attaching radio-opaque markers to the graft, but they all have limitations particularly for single-loop grafts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate injecting markers directly into the substance of a tendon as a viable method for measuring lengthening of single-loop graft constructs by determining the maximum amount of migration after cyclic loading. Tantalum spheres of 0.8 mm diameter were used as tendon markers. Ten single-loop tendon grafts were passed through tibial tunnels drilled in calf tibias and fixed with a tibial fixation device. Two tendon markers were inserted in one tendon bundle of each graft and the grafts were cyclically loaded for 225,000 cycles from 20 N to 170 N. At specified intervals, simultaneous radiographs were obtained of the tendon markers. Marker migration was computed as the change in distance between the two tendon markers parallel to the axis of the tibial tunnel. Marker migration had a root mean square (RMS) value of less than 0.1 mm. Because the RMS value indicates the error introduced into measurements of lengthening and because this error is negligible, the method described for attaching markers to single-loop ACL grafts has the potential to be useful for determining lengthening of single-loop ACL graft constructs in in vivo studies in humans.     

多层螺旋CT Flash Spiral模式老年冠状动脉成像的图像质量及影响因素分析

目的:探讨老年多层螺旋CT Flash Spiral模式和Spiral模式的冠状动脉动脉成像质量及其影响因素。方法:选择我院2010年1月~2012年12月行多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像老年患者186例,根据心率和心律将患者分为两组:A组98例行Flash Spiral模式扫描;B组88例行Spiral模式扫描,对两组扫描的冠状动脉分别做图像后处理。比较两组患者的一般情况、图像质量评分及辐射剂量,并统计分析心率变异性对图像质量的影响。结果:两组患者在年龄、性别构成、体重指数(BMI)、钙化积分方面差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);在心率、心率变异性方面,A组明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);两组患者图像质量评分、图像噪声及对比信噪比(CNR)相比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);不可诊断节段基于血管节段评价A组和B组分别为1.98%和2.21%,基于患者评价分别为8.16%和6.82%,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);A组扫描时间、容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)、单位有效剂量(ED)小于B组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);心率变异性10次/min患者冠状动脉图像质量明显低于心率变异性5~10次/min和≤5次/min(P0.05)。结论:采用多层螺旋CT Flash Spiral模式扫描老年冠状动脉成像质量与Spiral模式接近,但有效辐射剂量明显减少。心率变异性是影响老年患者Flash Spiral模式扫描图像质量的重要因素。     

How cyclic loading affects the migration of radio-opaque markers attached to tendon grafts using a new method: a study using roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA)

An increase in anterior laxity following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can result from lengthening of the graft construct in either the regions of fixation and/or the region of the graft substance between the fixations. RSA could be a useful technique to determine lengthening in these regions if a method can be devised for attaching radio-opaque markers to soft tissue grafts so that marker migration from repeated loading of the graft is limited. Therefore, the objectives of this study were 1) to develop a method for attaching radio-opaque markers to an ACL graft that limits marker migration within the graft, 2) to characterize the error of an RSA system used to study migration, and 3) to determine the maximum amount of migration and the time when it occurs during cyclic loading of ACL grafts. Tendon markers were constructed from a 0.8-mm tantalum ball and a stainless steel suture. Ten double-looped tendon grafts were passed through tibial tunnels drilled in bovine tibias and fixed with a tibial fixation device. Two tendon markers were sewn to one tendon bundle of each graft and the grafts were cyclically loaded for 225,000 cycles from 20 N to 170 N. At specified intervals, simultaneous radiographs were obtained of the tendon markers and a radiographic standard of known length. The bias and imprecision in measuring the length of the radiographic standard were 0.0 and 0.046 mm respectively. Marker migration was computed as the change in distance between the two tendon markers along the axis of the tibial tunnel. Marker migration was greatest after 225,000 cycles with a root mean square (RMS) value of less than 0.2 mm. Because the RMS value indicates the error introduced into measurements of lengthening and because this error is small, the method described for attaching markers to an ACL graft has the potential to be useful for determining lengthening of ACL graft constructs in in vivo studies in humans.     

The use of magnetic resonance imaging to predict ACL graft structural properties

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could potentially be used to non-invasively predict the strength of an ACL graft after ACL reconstruction. We hypothesized that the volume and T2 relaxation parameters of the ACL graft measured with MRI will predict the graft structural properties and anteroposterior (AP) laxity of the reconstructed knee. Nine goats underwent ACL reconstruction using a patellar tendon autograft augmented with a collagen or collagen-platelet composite. After 6 weeks of healing, the animals were euthanized, and the reconstructed knees were retrieved and imaged on a 3T scanner. AP laxity was measured prior to dissecting out the femur-graft-tibia constructs which were then tested to tensile failure to determine the structural properties. Regression analysis indicated a statistically significant relationship between the graft volume and the failure load (r(2)=0.502; p=0.049). When graft volume was normalized to the T2 relaxation time, the relationship was even greater (r(2)=0.687; p=0.011). There was a significant correlation between the graft volume and the linear stiffness (r(2)=0.847; p<0.001), which remained significant with T2 normalization (r(2)=0.764; p=0.002). For AP laxity at 30° flexion, there was not a significant correlation with graft volume, but there was a significant correlation with volume normalized by the T2 relaxation time (r(2)=0.512; p=0.046). These results suggest that MRI volumetric measures combined with graft T2 properties may be useful in predicting the structural properties of ACL grafts.     

Experiences of Microsurgical Reconstruction for Variant Hepatic Artery in Living Donor Liver Transplantation

There is an emergent need for improving the microsurgical technique of variant arterial anastomosis to reduce the often seen surgery-related complications. We describe in this article our experience in improving this technique, in 73 living donor liver grafts (64 right lobes, 9 left lobes) in patients with end-stage liver disease during living donor liver transplantation. The hepatic arteries were evaluated preoperatively with computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography. In this series, 13 grafts (17.80 %) with variant hepatic artery were conducted arterioplasty on a back-table under a loupe or a high-power microscope, which included one recipient in situ interposition vessel graft of recipient proper hepatic artery for artery reconstruction. The back-table reconstruction time was 16 ± 5.6 min. No arterial thrombosis was found in these cases during the 6-month postoperative follow-up. On the basis of our experience, we suggest that back-table microsurgical plasty for graft with arterial variation should be applied to minimize operative difficulties and to avoid arterial complications in living donor liver transplantation.     

64层螺旋CTA在冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管评价中的临床应用

目的：评价64层螺旋CTA在冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管评价中的应用价值。方法：收集67例冠脉搭桥术后64层螺旋CTA资料,回顾性分析其成像条件、心电编辑软件对图像质量的影响;薄层容积图像及VR、CPP、MIP等后处理方法对桥血管的显示情况,并观察桥血管通畅状态。结果：67例CTA容积图像质量均满足诊断要求,其中15例经B受体阻滞剂控制心率;27例经过心电编辑软件后处理;检出正常桥血管107支,占74_31％（107／144）;异常静脉桥血管32支,22．22％（32／144）,包括近端吻合口尖角状闭塞13支,钙化斑块7支,软癍块8支,混合斑块1支;远端吻合口狭窄3支;正常动脉桥血管35支,24-31％（35／144）;异常动脉桥血管5支,3．47％（5／144）,包括闭塞内乳动脉桥血管4支,远端吻合口狭窄1支。上述多种后处理方法有助于多角度、多方位显示桥血管近、远端吻合口、桥血管行程及其与毗邻结构关系、有无斑块及管腔狭窄程度等。结论：64层螺旋CTA是冠脉搭桥术后评估桥血管状态准确、安全及简便的影像学检查方法。