干鲜人参对PC12细胞损伤保护作用的比较研究

分别建立皮质酮、谷氨酸、过氧化氢诱导PC12细胞损伤模型,通过MTT和LDH测定,比较不同浓度的干、鲜人参水提液对于皮质酮、谷氨酸、过氧化氢诱导PC12细胞损伤的保护作用。结果表明皮质酮浓度为200μmol/L、谷氨酸浓度为30 mmol/L和过氧化氢浓度为150μmol/L时,PC12细胞的存活率分别为:53.42%、49.64%、54.27%,当PC12细胞与不同浓度人参提取液共同孵育24 h,再分别加入200μmol/L的皮质酮和150μmol/L的过氧化氢时,与模型组相比,细胞存活率明显提高,乳酸脱氢酶的释放明显减少(P0.01);并且在中、高剂量组,鲜人参组的细胞存活率明显高于干人参组(P0.01),乳酸脱氢酶释放明显低于干人参组(P0.01);但对谷氨酸诱导的PC12细胞损伤则无上述效果。干、鲜人参水提液对于皮质酮、过氧化氢诱导损伤的PC12细胞均有明显的保护作用;在中、高剂量时,鲜人参水提液对细胞保护活性明显好于干人参组,且组间表现出显著性差异(P0.01),表明鲜人参较干人参具有更好的细胞保护活性。干、鲜人参水提液对谷氨酸诱导损伤的PC12细胞却无保护活性。     

人参皂甙Rd预处理可减轻谷氨酸所致的PC12细胞损伤

目的:研究人参皂甙Rd(Ginsenoside Rd)预处理对谷氨酸所致PC12细胞损伤的影响。方法:将体外培养的PC12细胞分为3组,分别为对照组(Control)、谷氨酸损伤组(Glu)和人参皂甙Rd预处理组(Rd)。Control组细胞正常培养;Glu组细胞暴露于含10mM谷氨酸的DMEM培养基中损伤24 h;Rd组细胞经50μM的人参皂甙Rd预处理30 min后,在谷氨酸浓度为10 mM的DMEM培养基中损伤24 h。采用MTT检测细胞活力和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)检测试剂盒检测LDH释放量;流式细胞仪检测胞内活性氧(ROS)水平;Western blot检测还原型谷胱甘肽蛋白(GSH)表达;专用试剂盒检测细胞内过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量,相差显微镜观测细胞形态。结果:50μM的人参皂甙Rd预处理30 min,可明显提高谷氨酸诱导的PC12细胞的活力,降低其LDH释放量、胞内ROS含量,并提高胞内GSH蛋白表达,增加CAT、SOD含量并改善细胞形态。结论:人参皂甙Rd预处理可减轻谷氨酸引起的PC12细胞损伤。     

靶向探针追踪Aβ_(25-35)的亚细胞定位并基于Nrf2通路探讨阿里红多糖对线粒体损伤的保护机制

用靶向探针追踪淀粉样蛋白(Aβ_(25-35))的亚细胞定位情况,同时基于Nrf2信号通路探讨阿里红多糖组分(FOAPs-a)和(FOAPs-b)对Aβ_(25-35)诱导的PC12细胞线粒体损伤通路的保护作用机制。采用40μmol/L Aβ_(25-35)诱导PC12细胞建立阿尔茨海默病(AD)细胞模型,将PC12细胞分为空白组、模型组(加40μmol/L Aβ_(25-35))、阳性组(加50μmol/L盐酸多奈哌齐)、不同浓度的FOAPs-a和FOAPs-b干预组(各50、100、200μg/mL)。以靶向探针追踪Aβ_(25-35)在各组PC12细胞中的亚细胞定位情况;通过试剂盒检测PC12细胞中活性氧自由基ROS的变化情况;Western blotting法测定细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax及Bcl-2的表达量以及和Nrf2通路相关的Nrf2、APK1和磷酸化的APK1蛋白的表达情况。结果发现,Aβ_(25-35)处理PC12细胞会影响线粒体的完整性;在200μg/mL FOAPs-a/b预处理PC12细胞后,能够显著缓解Aβ_(25-35)对线粒体的损伤,同时使Aβ_(25-35)的亚细胞共定位减弱;与空白组比较,模型组细胞中ROS含量增加,与模型组比较,FOAPs-a及FOAPs-b干预组均能降低ROS的沉积,差异有统计学意义;Western blotting结果显示:与模型组比较FOAPs-a及FOAPs-b均能减少APK1的磷酸化水平,上调Nrf2的蛋白表达水平。总之Aβ_(25-35)可进入到PC12细胞的线粒体中引起其损伤,阿里红多糖组分能够通过激活Nrf2信号通路显著缓解Aβ_(25-35)对PC12细胞线粒体的损伤。     

异槲皮苷对Aβ25-35导致的PC12细胞损伤的保护作用及机制研究

探讨异槲皮苷对β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ25-35)导致的PC12细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。首先通过分子对接技术分析异槲皮苷与AMPK的结合情况。采用Aβ25-35(20μmol/L)损伤PC12细胞建立细胞氧化损伤模型,采用甲基噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞活力,通过试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出量、活性氧(ROS)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及抗氧化物酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力,采用Western blot法检测磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(p-AMPK)、过氧化物增殖体受体辅激活子-1α(PGC-1α)、沉默信息调节因子3(Sirt3)和异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH2)的蛋白表达。结果显示异槲皮苷与AMPK的结合力为-9.48 kJ/mol,提示AMPK可能为异槲皮苷的潜在作用靶点。异槲皮苷(1、10和100μmol/L)能够浓度依赖性的显著抑制Aβ25-35导致的PC12细胞死亡,减少ROS和MDA含量,升高SOD和GSH-Px活力。异槲皮苷抑制Aβ25-35导致的细胞氧化损伤并上调p-AMPK、PGC-1α、Sirt3和IDH2的蛋白表达。以上结果表明异槲皮苷可能通过调控AMPK/Sirt3信号通路发挥抗Aβ25-35导致的PC12细胞氧化损伤作用。     

乌头碱抑制GSK-3β对抗β淀粉样蛋白诱导的神经细胞损伤

本研究旨在探讨乌头碱抑制糖原合成酶激酶3β(GSK-3β)对抗β淀粉样蛋白片段1-40(Aβ_(1-40))诱导的神经细胞损伤的药理作用。基于细胞安全性测试设置5 nmol/L为后续实验的乌头碱适宜浓度。以20μmol/L的Aβ_(1-40)孵育24 h建立SH-SY5Y神经细胞损伤细胞模型。设置3个实验分组:正常对照组、Aβ_(1-40)细胞损伤模型对照组、乌头碱干预组,后者以5 nmol/L的乌头碱预孵育12 h。ELISA检测细胞培养上清液乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡与坏死,Western blotting检测细胞GSK-3β磷酸化水平。结果显示,乌头碱干预组细胞培养上清液LDH水平、细胞凋亡率与坏死率以及细胞的GSK-3β磷酸化水平均显著低于模型对照组,提示乌头碱可显著减轻Aβ_(1-40)导致的细胞损伤,此作用可能与其抑制GSK-3β过磷酸化有关。     

灵芝属多糖对肾上腺酮诱导神经细胞凋亡的保护作用

[目的]筛选和评价灵芝属多糖对肾上腺酮(CORT)诱导神经损伤的保护作用,为灵芝在抗抑郁功能方面的开发奠定基础。[方法]以CORT诱发神经细胞发生损伤后给予灵芝属多糖提取物,分别通过MTT法、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)胞外释放法、总DNA定量分析法以及荧光标记法确定细胞毒性以及对损伤细胞的保护作用。[结果]结果显示灵芝属多糖在低作用浓度下对PC12细胞不具有毒性,在100μg/mL的作用浓度下灵芝孢子粉多糖(PGL)可以显著提高损伤细胞存活率的比例为22%,减少LDH的释放比例为11.08%,增加胞内总DNA含量14.65%,是所有待测多糖中作用最佳的。[结论]PGL对细胞具有低毒的特点,显著改善CORT对细胞的损伤作用,具有明显的神经保护作用,可作为抗抑郁药物进行研究和开发。     

籽瓜多糖对H_2O_2致PC12细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

本文研究了籽瓜多糖(SWP)对H2O2致PC12细胞氧化应激损伤的影响及其机制。通过建立H2O2诱导PC12细胞氧化损伤模型,CCK-8法测定细胞存活率;硫辛酰胺脱氢酶催化的INT显色反应检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量,DCFH-DA检测细胞内ROS;ELISA法检测8-OHd G;JC-1染色检测细胞线粒体膜电位;利用caspase-3可以催化底物Ac-DEVD-p NA的反应检测caspase-3活性;应用caspase-9催化特异性底物Ac-LEHDp NA检测caspase-9活性。结果显示:过氧化氢组与对照组相比,终浓度为500μmol/L H2O2作用细胞24 h后,细胞活力显著下降(P0.01);LDH释放量和细胞内ROS增加(P0.01);8-OHd G含量上升(P0.01);线粒体膜电位下降(P0.01);caspase-3和caspase-9活性增强(P0.01)。与H2O2损伤组相比,不同剂量的SWP预处理后,能显著改善H2O2引起的上述指标的变化(P0.05)。由此得出:SWP对H2O2诱导的PC12细胞的氧化损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

甘薯提取物对谷氨酸所致PC12细胞损伤的保护作用初探

观察甘薯提取物对谷氨酸诱导的PC12细胞损伤的保护作用.将大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞(PC12)分为空白对照组、模型组、甘薯提取物0.1、1.0、10.0 μg/mL低、中、高剂量组和1.0 μmol/L尼莫地平阳性药物对照组,用2.0 mmol/L谷氨酸造成PC12细胞损伤,MTT法测定损伤细胞的存活率,观察其细胞损伤的形态学变化,考察甘薯提取物对谷氨酸所致PC12细胞损伤的保护作用.结果表明甘薯提取物可明显提高谷氨酸诱导的PC12损伤细胞存活率,同时能够明显改善谷氨酸诱导的PC12损伤细胞的细胞形态变化,并呈现剂量相关性,具有一定的神经营养及保护作用.     

17β-雌二醇对谷氨酸诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:探讨17β-雌二醇对谷氨酸诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法:选取SH-SY5Y细胞传代培养,分为四组:(1)阴性对照组;(2)氧化损伤组:0.1 mmol·L~(-1)谷氨酸作用24 h;(3)17β-雌二醇低、高浓度组:加入(1.0×10~(-4) mmol·L~(-1)和1.0×10~(-3)mmol·L~(-1))17β-雌二醇作用24 h之后,加入谷氨酸作用24 h。采用MTT比色法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞仪检测细胞活性氧(ROS)水平,Hoechst-PI染色观查细胞凋亡,分光光度计检测上清液中Caspase-3及Caspase-9含量。结果:7β-雌二醇能明显抑制谷氨酸诱导的细胞活性的下降,减少谷氨酸所致SH-SY5Y细胞内ROS的生成,降低细胞凋亡率,减少凋亡因子的活性。结论:17β-雌二醇对神经细胞损伤具有保护作用,这可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

没食子酸对水稻细菌性条斑病菌细胞结构的影响（英文）

没食子酸(gallic acid,GA)是一种植物酚类化合物,具有多种生物活性。前期实验发现,GA对水稻细菌性条斑病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola,Xoc)具有较强的抑制作用。为了解该物质对Xoc的细胞结构和细胞膜的影响,该研究用电子显微镜观察GA对Xoc的形态结构的影响,通过测定GA处理后的Xoc培养液的电导率、紫外吸收物含量(260 nm的吸光值)、乳酸脱氢酶的活性以及菌体的二乙酸荧光素(fluorescein diacetate,FDA)的强度等,探讨了GA对Xoc细胞膜的完整性和通透性的影响。结果表明:经浓度为200μg·mL~(-1)的GA处理后,Xoc的菌体形态结构发生改变,表面有明显的凹陷或不规则囊泡状突起,表明GA对Xoc细胞壁有损伤作用。200μg·mL~(-1)的GA处理24 h后,病菌培养液的电导率为135.48μS·cm~(-1)(对照处理为127.85μS·cm~(-1))。GA处理2 h后,Xoc细胞荧光强度下降58.10%,说明病菌细胞内电解质外渗和细胞溶质发生渗漏;同时,乳酸脱氢酶的活性增加,表明菌体的细胞膜受到破坏。此外,GA处理24 h后,Xoc培养液在260 nm下的吸光值为1.004(对照处理为0.018),表明病菌细胞膜的完整性受到破坏。这表明GA不仅破坏Xoc的细胞膜通透性,而且还影响膜的完整性。     

重组CHO-GS细胞降低氨毒副作用的代谢研究

在重组CHOGS细胞无血清批培养过程中,由于GS系统的引入,使氨对细胞的毒副作用显著降低,从而引起细胞生长和代谢途径发生变化。当起始氨浓度为1.42mmolL时,细胞最高密度可达到15.6×105cellsmL,随着氨浓度的增加,尽管细胞生长受到一定的抑制,但在氨浓度为12.65mmolL时,细胞密度仍可达到8.9×105cellsmL。当起始氨浓度从0.36mmolL增加到12.65mmolL时,细胞对葡萄糖的得率系数和乳酸对葡萄糖的得率系数降低,己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)酶活分别提高了43%、140%和25%,表明细胞对葡萄糖的利用增加,糖代谢更倾向于高能量生成途径。在谷氨酰胺代谢途径中,氨促进了谷丙转氨酶(GPT)酶活,谷氨酸到α酮戊二酸的转化逐渐倾向于谷丙转氨途径,谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)酶活降低,脱氨途径相应受到抑制。此外,氨浓度的增加使细胞群体处于G0G1期的比例逐渐升高,当氨浓度为12.65mmolL时,重组蛋白比生产速率比氨浓度为0.36mmolL时提高了2.1倍。     

Growth and metabolism of marine fish Chinook salmon embryo cells: response to lack of glucose and glutamine

A peculiar phenomenon, differing from the response of mammalian cells, occurred when Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE) cells were passaged in the medium lacking of both glucose and glutamine. To elucidate metabolic mechanism of CHSE cells, the metabolism parameters, key metabolic enzymes, and ATP levels were measured at different glucose and glutamine concentrations. In the glutamine-free culture, hexokinase activity kept constant, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity decreased. This indicated that lack of glutamine did not expedite glucose consumption but made it shift to lower lactate production and more efficient energy metabolism. The results coincided with the experimental results of unaltered specific glucose consumption rate and decreased yield coefficients of lactate to glucose. In the glucose-free culture, simultaneous increase of glutaminase activity and of specific ammonia production rate suggested an increased flux into the glutaminolysis pathway, and increases of both glutamate dehydrogenase activity and yield coefficient of ammonia to glutamine showed an increased flux into deamination pathway. However, when glucose and glutamine were both lacking, the specific consumption rates of most of amino acids increased markedly, together with decrease of LDH activity, indicating that pyruvate derived from amino acids, away from lactate production, remedied energy deficiency. When both glucose and glutamine were absent, intracellular ATP contents and the energy charge remained virtually unaltered.Revisions requested 16 December 2004; Revisions received 24 January 2005     

Metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis for ethanol production: lactate dehydrogenase plays a key role in fermentative metabolism

Wild-type Bacillus subtilis ferments 20 g/liter glucose in 48 h, producing lactate and butanediol, but not ethanol or acetate. To construct an ethanologenic B. subtilis strain, homologous recombination was used to disrupt the native lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) gene (ldh) by chromosomal insertion of the Zymomonas mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase gene (pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase II gene (adhB) under the control of the ldh native promoter. The values of the intracellular PDC and ADHII enzymatic activities of the engineered B. subtilis BS35 strain were similar to those found in an ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain. BS35 produced ethanol and butanediol; however, the cell growth and glucose consumption rates were reduced by 70 and 65%, respectively, in comparison to those in the progenitor strain. To eliminate butanediol production, the acetolactate synthase gene (alsS) was inactivated. In the BS36 strain (BS35 delta alsS), ethanol production was enhanced, with a high yield (89% of the theoretical); however, the cell growth and glucose consumption rates remained low. Interestingly, kinetic characterization of LDH from B. subtilis showed that it is able to oxidize NADH and NADPH. The expression of the transhydrogenase encoded by udhA from E. coli allowed a partial recovery of the cell growth rate and an early onset of ethanol production. Beyond pyruvate-to-lactate conversion and NADH oxidation, an additional key physiological role of LDH for glucose consumption under fermentative conditions is suggested. Long-term cultivation showed that 8.9 g/liter of ethanol can be obtained using strain BS37 (BS35 delta alsS udhA+). As far as we know, this is the highest ethanol titer and yield reported with a B. subtilis strain.     

Vitamin E protects nerve cells from amyloid beta protein toxicity.

The amyloid beta protein (ABP) is a 40 to 42 amino acid peptide which accumulates in Alzheimer's disease plaques. It has been demonstrated that this peptide and a fragment derived from it are cytotoxic for cultured cortical nerve cells. It is shown here that ABP and an internal fragment encompassing residues 25 to 35 (beta 25-35) are cytotoxic to a clone of PC12 cells at concentrations above 1 x 10(-9)M and to several other cell lines at higher concentrations. Between 10(-9) and 10(-11) M beta 25-35 protects PC12 cells from glutamate toxicity. The antioxidant and free radical scavenger vitamin E inhibits ABP induced cell death. These results have implications regarding the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.     

Role of oxidized human plasma low density lipoproteins in atherosclerosis: effects on smooth muscle cell proliferation

The effects of oxidized human plasma low density lipoproteins (Ox-LDL) on the proliferation of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells was studied, employing viable cell counting, [³H] thymidine incorporation into DNA, and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the medium. Oxidized LDL (prepared by incubation of LDL with copper sulfate) exerted a concentration-dependent stimulation (2 fold, compared to control) of aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation at low concentrations (0.1 µg – 10 µg/ml medium). On the other hand, at high concentrations (25–200 µg/ml), Ox-LDL produced a pronounced decrease in viable cells, a decrease in the incorporation of [³H] thymidine into DNA, and an increase in the release of LDH in the medium. In this report, the previously postulated biological roles of oxidized-LDL in atherosclerosis are discussed in view of these findings.Abbreviations Ox-LDL Oxidized human plasma Low Density Lipoproteins - SMC Smooth Muscle Cells - LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase - LPC Lysophosphatidycholine - PC Phosphatidylcholine - TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor     

不同能量的培养条件对人神经母细胞瘤株SH-SY5Y细胞生长的影响

目的建立热量限制的体外模型,观察不同能量培养条件下对人神经母细胞瘤细胞株SH-SY5Y细胞生长代谢的影响。方法将人神经母细胞瘤细胞株SH-SY5Y细胞分别采用含有低浓度（2 g/L）、正常浓度（3.15g/L）或高浓度（4.5 g/L）葡萄糖的培养基进行常规传代培养,利用MTT代谢率、细胞生长曲线及LDH漏出率等指标观察各组细胞生长情况。结果与正常葡萄糖浓度培养条件下培养的对照组相比,高糖组细胞突起缩短,细胞胞体皱缩,MTT代谢率稍低（0.573±0.001）,LDH漏出率高,细胞生长状态差;与对照组相比,低糖组细胞突起伸展,MTT代谢率较低（0.428±0.003）,LDH漏出率低,细胞生长速度缓慢,但是形态良好。结论高糖培养对细胞有损伤作用,细胞代谢加速,更容易衰老死亡;而低糖培养起到保护作用,在热量限制允许范围内降低培养液的含糖量,不但不会对细胞造成损伤,反而对细胞的代谢及生长起到保护作用,延长细胞的总体寿命。     

Purification and neuroprotective effects of polysaccharides from Opuntia Milpa Alta in cultured cortical neurons

Opuntia is a traditional plant from China with medicinal applications. In this experiment, polysaccharides from Opuntia Milpa Alta (MAPs) were analyzed using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) method and result showed that MAPs contained mannose (6.37%), rhamnose (14.94%), xylose (1.99%), arabinose (24.07%), galactose (38.25%), ribose (2.63%) and glucose (11.48%). The neuroprotective effects of MAPs were evaluated at the mechanistic level in vitro models of cerebral ischemic injury. In vitro oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) model, MAPs (0.5 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml) effectively increased cell viability by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, inhibited cell cytotoxicity by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, reduced neuronal cell death, suppressed the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased of intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]_i), and reduced extracellular glutamate level. Therefore, MAPs might prevent intracellular calcium overload and decreased glutamate excitotoxicity, both of which can cause neuronal injury and death in vitro models of cerebral ischemic injury.     

Effect of Agmatine Against Cell Death Induced by NMDA and Glutamate in Neurons and PC12 Cells

1. Aims: Agmatine is an endogenous guanido amine and has been shown to be neuroprotective in vitro and in vivo. The aims of this study are to investigate whether agmatine is protective against cell death induced by different agents in cultured neurons and PC12 cells.2. Methods: Cell death in neurons, cultured from neonatal rat cortex, was induced by incubating with (a) NMDA (100 M) for 10 min, (b) staurosporine (protein kinase inhibitor, 100 nM) for 24 h, and (c) calcimycin (calcium ionophore, 100 nM) for 24 h in the presence and absence of agmatine (1 M to 1 mM). Cell death in PC12 cells was induced by exposure to glutamate (10 mM), staurosporine (100 nM), and calcimycin (100 nM). The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the medium was measured as the marker of cell death and normalized to cellular LDH activity.3. Results: Agmatine significantly reduced the medium LDH in NMDA-treated neurons but failed to reduce the release of LDH induced by staurosporin or calcimycin. In PC12 cells, agmatine significantly reduced LDH release induced by glutamate exposure, but not by staurosporine or calcimycin. Agmatine itself neither increased LDH release nor directly inhibited the enzyme activity.4. Conclusion: We conclude that agmatine protects against NMDA excitotoxicity in neurons and PC12 cells but not the cell death induced by protein kinase blockade or increase in cellular calcium.     

Glutamic acid decarboxylase-expressing astrocytes exhibit enhanced energetic metabolism and increase PC12 cell survival under glucose deprivation

Astrocytes play a key role by catabolizing glutamate from extracellular space into glutamine and tricarboxylic acid components. We previously produced an astrocytic cell line that constitutively expressed glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), which converts glutamate into GABA to increase the capacity of astrocytes to metabolize glutamate. In this study, GAD-expressing astrocytes in the presence of glutamate were shown to have increased energy metabolism, as determined by a moderate increase of 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction, by an increased ATP level, and by enhanced lactate release. These changes were due to GAD transgene expression because transient expression of a GAD antisense plasmid resulted in partial suppression of the ATP level increase. These astrocytes had an increased survival in response to glucose deprivation in the presence of glutamate compared with the parental astrocytes, and they were also able to enhance survival of a neuronal-like cell line (PC12) under glucose deprivation. This protection may be partially due to the increased lactate release by GAD-expressing astrocytes because PC12 cell survival was enhanced by lactate and pyruvate under glucose deprivation. These results suggest that the establishment of GAD expression in astrocytes enhancing glutamate catabolism could be an interesting strategy to increase neuronal survival under hypoglycemia conditions.     

热量限制对SH-SY5Y细胞氧化损伤的影响

目的观察热量限制培养条件下,SH-SY5Y细胞抗氧化应激损伤的能力。方法建立过氧化氢诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞损伤模型。体外培养SH-SY5Y细胞,分为对照组、损伤组（50、100、250、500、1 000μmol/L H2O2）、低糖组（2 g/L）、低糖＋损伤组,进行细胞形态观察、测定各组细胞的噻唑蓝（MTT）代谢率、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）漏出率。结果与对照组比较,（50、100、250、500、1 000）μmol/L H2O2损伤1 h后MTT代谢率测定细胞活力,50μmol/L组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;其他组与对照组比较,随着H2O2浓度的增加,细胞活力呈递减趋势,差异具有显著性（P〈0.01）;选定250μmol/L H2O2组为损伤应激源。用低糖预处理细胞24 h,给与250μmol/L H2O2损伤1 h后测定MTT代谢率显示,与对照组比较,损伤组活力明显下降,低糖组活力上升（P〈0.01）;与损伤组比较,低糖＋损伤组活力明显上升（p〈0.01）;继续培养至7 h发现,与对照组比较,低糖组活力上升（P〈0.01）;与损伤组比较,低糖＋损伤组活力明显上升（P〈0.01）。进一步检测LDH漏出率显示,损伤1 h后结果显示,与对照组比较,损伤组漏出率明显增加（P〈0.05）,低糖组漏出率稍有减少（P〉0.05）;与损伤组比较,低糖＋损伤组漏出率明显减少（P〈0.01）;继续培养7h显示,低糖7h组与低糖1 h组比较,漏出稍有增多（P〉0.05）,低糖＋损伤组7 h组与低糖＋损伤组1 h比较漏出率稍有增加（P〈0.05）;细胞形态学观察显示,未加损伤之前,低糖组的细胞形态,与对照组比较无明显改变。加入损伤药物1h后的细胞形态与对照组比较无明显改变。加入损伤药物7 h后的细胞形态,低糖组和对照组细胞突起伸展良好细长,损伤组可见细胞数目明显减少,死细胞多,突起回缩,细胞明显变圆,贴壁性不好,透光性差。结论热量限制能提高神经细胞的抗氧化应激能力,增加细胞生存率,降低死亡率。