菜籽降压肽双酶水解液脱色工艺的研究

用活性炭对菜籽降压肽双酶水解液进行脱色处理,采用单因素试验以及单因素试验基础上的正交试验法。考察活性炭用量、pH、温度、时间对水解液脱色率、肽损失率、活性及ACE抑制率的影响。正交试验优化结果表明,菜籽降压肽双酶水解液脱色最佳工艺为活性炭的用量为1%、脱色pH值为3.0、脱色温度为80℃、脱色时间为50 min,在此条件下脱色率为85.52%、ACE抑制率为57.83%、活性损失率为5.69%。     

熟地多糖活性炭脱色工艺的研究

本研究旨在探讨活性炭对熟地多糖提取液脱色的工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验,以多糖脱色率(%)和多糖剩余率(%)为指标,用紫外-可见分光光度法测定,确定了熟地多糖活性炭脱色的最优工艺的参数。结果发现:活性炭添加量对脱色效果的影响最大,其次为温度,再次为时间。最佳脱色条件为脱色温度60℃,活性碳添加量5%,吸附时间30 min,在此条件下,脱色率为98.20%,多糖剩余率为84.89%。从而表明活性炭对熟地多糖脱色工艺可行,简便,有效。     

微生物蛋白酶水解液的脱色条件实验研究

通过实验比较了不同吸附剂的脱色效果及其在脱色过程中引起的氨基酸损失率,选择活性炭作为微生物菌体蛋白质水解溶液脱色的吸附剂。对影响其脱色效果的几个主要因素进行研究,并通过正交实验分析优化后得到脱色条件为:吸附剂用量1.5 g(每50 mL蛋白提取液),脱色温度55℃,pH值5和脱色时间1 h。     

塔拉多糖的脱色工艺化研究

塔拉多糖是一种半乳甘露聚糖胶,对于我们具有非常重要的应用价值。本实验主要对塔拉提取物中的塔拉多糖进行脱色工艺化研究;在单因素实验的基础上,对活性炭颗粒质量、脱色时间、脱色温度以及脱色次数这四种因素进行正交优化实验,其最佳脱色实验参数为：活性炭颗粒0.6 g,脱色45 min,脱色温度45℃脱色次数3次,脱色率可以达到50.21%,同时多糖类保留率为90.39%。     

百尾参多糖脱色脱蛋白工艺及其免疫活性研究

以百尾参多糖脱色率、多糖损失率为指标,通过单因素和正交试验研究活性炭含量、时间、温度和pH对多糖脱色效果的影响,优化百尾参多糖最佳脱色条件;对Sevage法、三氯乙酸（TCA）法、蛋白质等电点法以及酶法4种脱蛋白方法进行比较,选择较好的脱蛋白方法。建立环磷酰胺免疫低下小鼠模型,研究百尾参多糖的免疫调节活性。结果表明活性炭脱色的最佳条件是活性炭加入量1%、温度60 ℃,时间45 min、pH 4.5;酶法为4种方法中较好的脱蛋白方法。百尾参多糖能加速恢复环磷酰胺致小鼠免疫器官萎缩,也能剂量依赖性地提高小鼠血清中的白介素-2（IL-2）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）等细胞因子含量,表明百尾参多糖对环磷酰胺的免疫抑制具有保护作用。     

L-鸟氨酸发酵液的脱色研究

为了提高L-鸟氨酸发酵液的脱色效率,对其脱色工艺开展研究。首先通过树脂的选择性吸附确定L-鸟氨酸发酵液中色素的化学性质,随后结合颗粒活性炭的物理结构和零电荷点分析,优选出在接近中性条件下具有优良脱色性能的颗粒活性炭。在静态条件下考察pH、温度、时间和活性炭用量等因素对其脱色性能的影响。在此基础上,考察活性炭层析柱对L-鸟氨酸发酵液的动态脱色工艺和基于两步解吸法的活性炭再生工艺,单柱可动态脱色处理45倍床层体积(BV)的发酵液,脱色率达97%以上,脱色液呈无色透明状,L-鸟氨酸损失率低于1%,活性炭再生效果保持稳定。     

拟康宁木霉对甲基橙废水的酶促降解研究

利用驯化获得的拟康宁木霉菌(Trichoderma koningii)处理甲基橙废水,以脱色率为指标探讨了反应时间、初始甲基橙浓度、pH、葡萄糖用量、不同培养时间等培养因素对拟康宁木霉生长前期降解甲基橙废水效果的影响;在较优条件下以脱色率为指标,探讨了酶在pH、温度、酶液投加量、初始甲基橙浓度、反应时间等条件下的酶促降解反应;并通过正交试验验证其脱色降解甲基橙染料的最佳反应条件,为染料废水的处理提供试验基础。试验表明,培养过程中拟康宁木霉菌降解甲基橙废水的最适条件为初始甲基橙浓度30 mg/L,培养时间72 h,葡萄糖浓度25 g/L,pH 6.5。在较优培养条件下提取的酶,在酶液投加量为0.6 mL,温度为25℃,pH为7.0,处理时间为6 h的处理条件下,其降解率可达85.48%,脱色效果较明显。本研究为拟康宁木霉对甲基橙染料废水的酶促降解条件提供了参考。     

板蓝根多糖活性炭脱色工艺及抗氧化活性研究北大核心CSCD

采用活性炭对板蓝根多糖进行了脱色研究。在单因素实验的基础上进行了正交实验,得到活性炭脱色的最佳工艺条件为:70℃下调节p H为7.0,添加体积分数为1.0%的活性炭,搅拌80 min,脱色率为92.97%、多糖保留率为92.45%。采用DPPH孤电子配对法测定DPPH自由基的清除作用;采用邻苯三酚自氧化法检测超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用。实验结果表明,板蓝根多糖具有一定的清除自由基的能力,但脱色后的多糖清除自由基的能力降低。     

板蓝根多糖活性炭脱色工艺及抗氧化活性研究

采用活性炭对板蓝根多糖进行了脱色研究。在单因素实验的基础上进行了正交实验,得到活性炭脱色的最佳工艺条件为:70℃下调节p H为7.0,添加体积分数为1.0%的活性炭,搅拌80 min,脱色率为92.97%、多糖保留率为92.45%。采用DPPH孤电子配对法测定DPPH自由基的清除作用;采用邻苯三酚自氧化法检测超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用。实验结果表明,板蓝根多糖具有一定的清除自由基的能力,但脱色后的多糖清除自由基的能力降低。     

碱性蛋白酶提取变性脱脂豆粕中蛋白质

以高温变性脱脂大豆粕为原料,用正交实验法对变性豆粕在蛋白酶作用下的水解特性进行了深入研究。选用国产胰蛋白酶为水解酶对变性豆粕进行水解,研究了变性豆粕中蛋白质溶出率随温度,pH值,时间,低物浓度及用酶量的变化规律,找到了水解变性豆粕的最佳实验条件,结果表明,胰蛋白酶水解高温变性豆粕的最佳条件为,温度50℃,时间60h,底物浓度11%,用酶量10000u/g,pH值8.0,在此条件下,变性豆粕中蛋白质可有69.34%水解溶出。     

Decolorization of sugar syrups using commercial and sugar beet pulp based activated carbons

Sugar syrup decolorization was studied using two commercial and eight beet pulp based activated carbons. In an attempt to relate decolorizing performances to other characteristics, surface areas, pore volumes, bulk densities and ash contents of the carbons in the powdered form; pH and electrical conductivities of their suspensions and their color adsorption properties from iodine and molasses solution were determined. The color removal capabilities of all carbons were measured at 1/100 (w/w) dosage, and isotherms were determined on better samples. The two commercial activated carbons showed different decolorization efficiencies; which could be related to their physical and chemical properties. The decolorization efficiency of beet pulp carbon prepared at 750 degrees C and activated for 5h using CO2 was much better than the others and close to the better one of the commercial activated carbons used. It is evident that beet pulp is an inexpensive potential precursor for activated carbons for use in sugar refining.     

Decolorization of 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid by a newly isolated strain of Sphingomonas herbicidovorans

A novel isolate of Sphingomonas herbicidovorans could decolorize 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (bromoamine acid, BAA), an intermediate of anthraquinone dyes, and grow with it as the sole source of carbon. The strain was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and physiological-biochemical test. The optimal condition for both decolorization and cell growth was found at temperature of 30 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. Furthermore, the decolorization efficiency could be enhanced with higher shaking speed. The percentage of BAA decolorization could be over 98% within 24 h even for the initial concentration greater than 1000 mg l^?1. The decolorization kinetics could be reasonably described by the Monod equation. Additional carbon sources such as glucose could enhance the decolorization rate. During the decolorization process, the molecular of BAA cleaved, releasing phthalic acid and an end product which might be benzene derivative substituted by amino, bromo, hydroxyl and sulfonate groups according to the infrared spectral analysis.     

海洋产电菌Shewanella marisflavi EP1的脱色特性

以一株新筛选得到的海洋产电菌Shewanella marisflavi EP1作为实验材料,研究了该菌株关于偶氮、蒽醌、三苯基甲烷等染料的脱色能力及脱色机制。结果表明,该菌株对这些染料均具有较好的脱色能力,最高脱色容量达到925 mg染料/(g细胞干重.d)。EP1能利用葡萄糖、蔗糖、木糖、乳酸、甲酸、柠檬酸等多种碳源将单偶氮染料丽春红2R脱色。脱色的pH、温度和NaCl浓度范围分别是:pH 6-10、15°C-40°C、0-8%。最优脱色条件:乳酸,pH 8、35°C、1%-2%NaCl,10 h内脱色率高达99.95%。分光光谱结果表明,在0-8%NaCl浓度范围内EP1脱色机制为降解脱色。     

L—亮氨酸发酵条件的研究

对L-亮氨酸产生菌57-4s菌株进行了接种量、装量、pH、发酵时间、碳源、天然营养成份、氨基酸以及生物素、硫酸铵、碳酸钙对L-亮氨酸产量影响的考察,在适宜的条件下,主酸产量高、副酸含量低,L-亮氨酸产量经氨基酸分析仪测定可达24.46mg/ml。     

Anaerobic hydrogen production with an efficient carrier-induced granular sludge bed bioreactor

A novel bioreactor containing self-flocculated anaerobic granular sludge was developed for high-performance hydrogen production from sucrose-based synthetic wastewater. The reactor achieved an optimal volumetric hydrogen production rate of approximately 7.3 L/h/L (7,150 mmol/d/L) and a maximal hydrogen yield of 3.03 mol H2/mol sucrose when it was operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 0.5 h with an influent sucrose concentration of 20 g COD/L. The gas-phase hydrogen content and substrate conversion also exceeded 40 and 90%, respectively, under optimal conditions. Packing of a small quantity of carrier matrices on the bottom of the upflow reactor significantly stimulated sludge granulation that can be accomplished within 100 h. Among the four carriers examined, spherical activated carbon was the most effective inducer for granular sludge formation. The carrier-induced granular sludge bed (CIGSB) bioreactor was started up with a low HRT of 4-8 h (corresponding to an organic loading rate of 2.5-5 g COD/h/L) and enabled stable operations at an extremely low HRT (up to 0.5 h) without washout of biomass. The granular sludge was rapidly formed in CIGSB supported with activated carbon and reached a maximal concentration of 26 g/L at HRT = 0.5 h. The ability to maintain high biomass concentration at low HRT (i.e., high organic loading rate) highlights the key factor for the remarkable hydrogen production efficiency of the CIGSB processes.     

Activated charcoal: a versatile decolorization agent for the recovery and purification of alkaline protease

The use of activated charcoal for enzyme recovery and purification was investigated and the optimum activated charcoal concentration and the minimum contact time needed for efficient decolorization of an alkaline protease preparation in terms of surface adsorption and retention of enzyme activity were found to be 7.5 g l^–1 and 30 min, respectively. Elevated temperatures had a greater influence on the rate of decolorization which was faster when the protease was refluxed at 60 °C for 10–15 min. These data suggest that the efficient adsorption characteristics of activated charcoal can be exploited for cost-effective downstream processing of alkaline proteases and possibly other enzymes.     

开放条件下烟管菌XX-2对孔雀石绿染料的高效降解

[目的]评价白腐真菌Bjerkandera adusta XX-2处理孔雀石绿染料废水的能力,为其在染料废水中的应用提供参考依据.[方法]采用批次实验在开放条件下研究通气、pH、温度、染料初始浓度、培养时间、碳源、氮源、金属离子、盐度等因子对该菌降解孔雀石绿的影响.同时利用植物萌发、微生物抑菌和水生动物致死实验对降解产物进行毒性测试.[结果]B.adusta XX-2菌株在开放的非灭菌条件下也能高效降解孔雀石绿.例如,在初始浓度为120 mg/L且以孔雀石绿为唯一营养源的条件下降解率也能达到60％.静置培养和摇动培养呈现出几乎相同的降解率,这可以为技术应用节约动力成本.最适降解pH与温度分别为7.0和25℃.在上述参数体系的优化基础上,分别进行了碳源、氮源与金属离子的添加优化实验,结果显示低浓度的碳源(如柠檬酸钠)、氮源(如氯化铵)和金属离子(如Zn2+)均可大大提高B.adusta XX-2对孔雀石绿的脱色效率.同时B.adusta XX-2的降解也能在很高的盐浓度下进行.毒性测试表明降解后的染料对植物、微生物、水生生物的毒性大大减少.[结论]B.adusta XX-2菌株在处理染料废水方面具有很大的应用潜力.     

Decolorization and biodegradation of the azo dye Congo red by an isolated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acinetobacter baumannii</Emphasis> YNWH 226

A strict aerobic Acinetobacter baumannii YNWH 226, isolated from an activated sludge reactor treating textile wastewater, was able to grow on Congo red as the sole carbon source under aerobic conditions. The decolorization and TOC reduction efficiency were 99.1 and 93.72%, respectively. The effects of the Congo red concentration were studied. The environmental factors (i.e., pH, temperature and agitation speed) on the biodegradation of Congo red in aqueous phase were studied and evaluated using response surface methodology. The results indicated that when the Congo red concentration was 100 mg/L, the optimal decolorization conditions were as follows: 37°C, pH 7.0 and 180 rpm. The single A. baumannii YNWH 226 was able to form aromatic amines by reductive breakage of the azo bond and then oxidize them into non-toxic metabolites.